大學(xué)英語考試作文常見類型

1、英語考試作文的主要類型及寫作技巧閱卷老師在語言方面主要從兩個方面進行評判：1、基本正確來源：考試大的美女編輯們考生的最大問題不是寫得太簡單，而是嚴重錯誤太多?；A(chǔ)一般的同學(xué)即使使用小學(xué)或中學(xué)詞匯和句型，只要使用得基本正確，也可以得到及格分數(shù)?？忌畛７傅恼Z言錯誤有三類：語法、拼寫、標點。最常犯的語法錯誤包括：時態(tài)、冠詞、主謂一致、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)等。2、豐富多變來源：考試大基礎(chǔ)較好的同學(xué)，要想取得寫作高分，應(yīng)做到豐富多變。豐富多變體現(xiàn)在詞匯和句型兩方面。同一詞語在一句話、一個段落乃至一篇文章中最好不要重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，應(yīng)盡量使用同、近義詞替換（無法替換的關(guān)鍵詞除外）。例如：think可以替換為reckon,

2、 assume, argue等詞。如果想不到同、近義詞，可以使用上義詞進行替換。此外，句型也應(yīng)富于變化，不要拘泥于主謂賓句型，可以使用主系表、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語、不定式短語作狀語、狀語從句等多種句型。作文如果量化成句數(shù)，只需寫10句左右。全文應(yīng)以短句為主，長短句相結(jié)合。所謂短句是指10個詞左右的句子，不能全篇都是5、6個詞的短句。同時，全文應(yīng)有一定數(shù)量的長句，一般1520詞即可，太長則易冗贅。有的同學(xué)以為只寫長句不寫短句，就能取得高分，實際上老師看長句會覺得很累，以為你不會寫短句，通常不會給高分。如果一篇中文作文每句都30多個字，定然晦澀難懂，英文也不例外。精煉的短句可以放在段首表示

3、強調(diào)； 復(fù)雜的長句可以進行具體的論證、舉例或描述。高分真經(jīng)采集者退散（一）背誦背誦是提高英語綜合能力的法寶，可分為以下5個層次：（1）精彩詞匯；（2）精彩句型；（3）精彩句子；（4）萬能框架；（5）經(jīng)典范文。注意句子和句型不一樣，精彩句子應(yīng)作為單詞來記憶。背誦前，確保自己已充分理解所有內(nèi)容。語言學(xué)習有兩個關(guān)鍵詞輸入（INPUT）和輸出（OUTPUT）。聽力和閱讀屬于輸入，考生處于被動狀態(tài)，只需在考場上將聽到和看到的東西弄懂。應(yīng)對這種題目的技巧很多，容易在短期內(nèi)提高。但口語和寫作屬于輸出，考生必須變被動為主動，這很難在短期內(nèi)突破。沒有大量的輸入，很難進行自由輸出。四、寫作需要在30分鐘內(nèi)完成一篇

4、短文，共計120或150余字，很多同學(xué)叫苦不迭。但若將其改為中文作文，大家就會覺得易如反掌。原因何在？俗話說：“熟讀唐詩三百首，不會做詩也能吟。”同學(xué)們從小到大背誦了大量中文佳作，可以隨意組合，自由輸出。然而，在英語學(xué)習中，多數(shù)同學(xué)只沉溺于背單詞、摳語法、做閱讀，很少有人背誦英文文章。正因為沒有大量輸入，寫作才始終處于“擠牙膏”狀態(tài)，想一句說一句，說一句翻譯一句。提高英語寫作要多讀、多背、多寫、多改。多讀、多背是首要任務(wù)，是積累輸入的關(guān)鍵。考生應(yīng)大量積累經(jīng)典英文句型、表達和范文，平時勤于背誦。有的同學(xué)問我，說自己背過很多英文文章，但上了考場還是大腦一片空白，什么都想不起來。這種情況很常見，主要

5、有兩個原因：一是沒有進行造句的工作，只是盲目背誦。二是背得不夠熟練。學(xué)習任何東西都講究先求質(zhì)，再求量。大家英語學(xué)了很多年，文章看了很多，為什么寫作還是學(xué)不好？關(guān)鍵是量鋪開了，但質(zhì)沒有上去。一篇文章應(yīng)背到脫口而出的程度，如果還需要過腦子，就證明背得不夠熟練。一知半解，背得再多也是徒勞。（二）默寫背完經(jīng)典范文后，進行默寫。然后對照原文糾錯，搞清楚錯在什么地方。多數(shù)同學(xué)在寫的時候都會犯小錯誤，如拼寫、單復(fù)數(shù)、大小寫等。這些就是你在寫作中的弱點，也是閱卷老師最不能容忍的地方。培根說過：“Writing makes an exact man.”（寫作使人精確。）只有默寫下來你才會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己常犯哪些錯誤。（

6、三）中譯英來源：中譯英也是提高寫作的好方法。根據(jù)范文的中文譯文，將其按自己的理解譯成英文。譯完后，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的翻譯和原文有很大差距，這些差距就是取得寫作高分的關(guān)鍵。這時，對照范文，看看原作者是怎么寫的，思考為什么這么寫。同樣的一句中文，范文中使用了哪些詞匯和句型？你使用了哪些詞匯和句型？學(xué)習范文使用不同的詞匯和句型。通過不斷練習，你的寫作水平不知不覺就提高了。（四）寫作來源：考試大模仿范文寫作新的文章，套用范文的精彩詞匯、句型、句子和框架。最初套用時可能比較生硬，但隨著不斷的積累，組合起來會越來越順手。上述的高分策略是提高英語寫作水平最有效的方法。在練習寫作的初始階段, 可勤查語法書和字典

7、等工具書, 背記常用詞和短語，以擴大詞匯量，拓展知識面。背單詞時要深刻理解所背詞語的內(nèi)在含義，并了解其使用環(huán)境。備考時，熟記一些過渡詞、句型和范文，并進行仿寫。考試時，使用學(xué)習過的、熟悉而有把握的詞匯和句型，沒有把握的句子，盡量采取“回避政策”，切忌自編自造漢語式的英語詞組和句型。大學(xué)英語考試作文的主要類型有提綱式作文、主題句作文和關(guān)鍵詞作文三大類。主題句作文和關(guān)鍵詞作文在大學(xué)英語等級考試早期的試卷中出現(xiàn)過幾次，但是在以后的試卷中幾乎就沒有再出現(xiàn)過了。大學(xué)英語考試作文的題型基本上都是提綱式作文。因此，本章主要講解大學(xué)英語考試寫作中提綱式作文的常見題型及其寫作技巧，對主題句作文及其寫作技巧只作簡

8、要敘述。大學(xué)英語考試寫作中的提綱式作文題型主要有闡述對立觀點型、說明利弊型、解決問題型、解釋緣由型、闡述名言型、分析圖表型和描述圖畫型七種。每一種題型都有其各自的特點和寫作技巧。大學(xué)英語考試作文寫作技巧是大學(xué)英語考試作文寫作理論和實踐經(jīng)驗的集中體現(xiàn)，是通過大學(xué)英語考試作文的寫作方法來具體表現(xiàn)的?！胺椒ê檬掳牍Ρ?，方法不好事倍功半” 這是人們公認的一個基本事實。因此，要想取得大學(xué)英語考試寫作的好成績，就必須要學(xué)會識別大學(xué)英語考試寫作中的作文題型，并掌握其相應(yīng)的寫作技巧。提綱式作文七種常見題型的寫作技巧雖然各異，但是其寫作要領(lǐng)中的不少步驟卻是相同或相似的。本章在分別講解七種常見題型的寫作技巧前，將

9、其相同或相似的寫作要領(lǐng)先作一統(tǒng)一介紹。寫好七種提綱式作文相同或相似的要領(lǐng)有以下八個方面：1認真閱讀，仔細分析，準確把握提綱的內(nèi)涵。目前大學(xué)英語考試作文寫作中的提綱式作文，一般都會給出作文的標題、中文或英文提綱，并且在提綱中一般都規(guī)定了寫作對象、范圍、目的等，因此，弄清提綱的思路和旨意是寫好作文的前提。審題時，首先要認真閱讀、仔細分析提綱，注意弄清提綱交代的主要內(nèi)容、反映的意義、要達到的目的、各個層次之間的聯(lián)系和重點，只有這樣才能構(gòu)思出合乎提綱要求的文章。2根據(jù)提綱規(guī)定的方向和范圍寫好主題句。主題句是發(fā)展深化提綱的前提，是對提綱的補充和擴展，主題句要寫得清晰明了、意義完整、有利于段落的展開。各段

10、落的展開必須圍繞主題句，要注意確定重點，選準擴充點，將較抽象的內(nèi)容具體化。要避免不假思索地圍繞提綱堆砌材料，或者將中文提綱簡單地譯成英文，或者將英文提綱生硬照搬。3合理確定文章結(jié)構(gòu)。大學(xué)英語考試中的提綱式作文一般都采用三段式或四段式結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，在平時練習中應(yīng)根據(jù)自己的愛好選用其中的一種結(jié)構(gòu)模式進行反復(fù)訓(xùn)練，熟練掌握，以便考試時能得心應(yīng)手地運用。4選擇恰當?shù)膶懽髂Ｊ?。提綱式作文的結(jié)構(gòu)及寫作方法具有一定的規(guī)律性和相對固定的寫作模式。在平時的練習中應(yīng)熟悉和掌握這些相對固定的模式，以便于運用。這是一種快速、高效、高分的作文技巧。它可使我們在考試時既能節(jié)約時間，又能寫出內(nèi)容切題，思路清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，層次

11、分明，啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合連貫，語言規(guī)范，句式多樣的作文。5選擇恰當?shù)亩温湔归_方法。提綱作文多數(shù)是議論文，宜采用概括、歸納法寫開頭部分；用解釋、列舉、舉例法寫中心部分；用總結(jié)、歸納法寫結(jié)尾部分。6選用恰當?shù)木湫停⒁忏暯优c過渡。提綱式作文各個段落的開頭和結(jié)尾都有一些共性，因此有一些常用的句型在平時應(yīng)反復(fù)練習，熟練掌握，以便運用時得心應(yīng)手。此外，還應(yīng)注意選用好句子和段落間的銜接與過渡句。7用好時態(tài)。提綱式作文是論理和講事實的文章，多用一般現(xiàn)在時。8注意檢查與修改。無論是提綱式作文、主題句作文還是關(guān)鍵詞作文，寫完后都要重點檢查闡述是否清楚，主題的表達是否完整，用詞是否恰當，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，文字是否通順

12、，句式是否有變化，過渡銜接是否自然，以及字數(shù)是否達到規(guī)定的要求等。如果沒有達到這些要求，應(yīng)及時對不足部分進行修改。第一節(jié) 闡述對立觀點型一、常見命題形式闡述對立觀點型作文常見的命題形式是：1有（些）人認為；2也有（些）人認為；3我的看法或觀點。在過去的大學(xué)英語考試作文寫作中闡述對立觀點型作文的出現(xiàn)頻率是比較高的，例如：1Spring Festival Eve (CET-4 2006.12)Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Spring Fest

13、ival Eve. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below（1）許多人喜歡在除夕夜觀看春節(jié)晚會；（2）但是有些人提出取消春節(jié)晚會；（3）我的看法。2Reading Selectively or Extensively (CET-4, 1999.06)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topi

14、c Reading Selectively or Extensively? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:（1）有人認為讀書要有選擇；（2）有人認為應(yīng)當博覽群書；（3）我的看法。3Can Money Buy Happiness? (CET-4, 1995.01) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on

15、the topic Can Money Buy Happiness? You should write no less than 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:（1）有人認為金錢是幸福之本（source of happiness）；（2）也有人認為金錢是萬惡之源（root of evil）；（3）我的看法。4Do Lucky Numbers Really Bring Luck? (CET-4, 1998.06)Directions: For this

16、 part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? You should write at least 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:（1）有些人認為某些數(shù)字會帶來運氣；（2）也有些人認為數(shù)字與運氣無關(guān)；（3）試說明你的看法。5Is a Test of Spoken En

17、glish Necessary? (CET-4, 2000.06)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline giv

18、en in Chinese below:（1）很多人認為有必要舉行英語口語考試，理由是；（2）也有人持不同的意見；（3）我的看法和打算。6Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? (CET-4, 2005.12)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at least 120

19、 words following the outline given below:（1）名校校園正成為旅游新熱點；（2）校園是否應(yīng)對游客開放，人們看法不同；（3）我認為。7Is Failure a Bad Thing? （CET-4, 1992.01）Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition in no less than 100 words on the topic Is Failure a Bad Thing? You should base your composition on

20、 the following outline (give in Chinese):（1）失敗是常有的事；（2）人們對失敗有各種不同的態(tài)度；（3）我對失敗的態(tài)度。二、段落布局及寫作模式例1：Is Failure a Bad Thing?段落布局寫作模式Para. 1Peoples views on failure vary from person to person. Some people take it for granted that failure is a bad thing because they think failure is a heavy blow towards achi

21、eving ones desired goal. Many people can not endure failure and can never pluck up their courage to try again when they fail in their attempts to accomplish something. However, others dont believe that failure is a bad thing, for they believe that failure is the mother of success. Para. 2As for me,

22、I am in favor of the second opinion for the following reasons. First, just as a popular saying goes, “everything has two sides.” Failure may give us a heavy blow, but we can learn lessons from it. We can gain considerable benefits out of it. Second, nobody was born to be a success. Everybody's l

23、ife can never be plain sailing, it must be full of difficulties and setbacks. No one can avoid failure in his whole life. Third, in the same way, nobody was born to be a failure. If we hold a positive attitude towards failure, we will overcome difficulties and frustrations to win victory. Last but n

24、ot least, from the dialectical point of view, failure and success can be converted each other. We can try our best to convert failure to success.Para. 3Based on what we have just discussed above, we may come to the conclusion that failure is not a bad thing. Failure can be converted to success. Fail

25、ure is the mother of success. Therefore, dont lose your heart when you meet with failure. Pluck up your courage to try again and again, and the final victory will be yours eventually.例2：Can Money Buy Happiness?段落布局寫作模式Para. 1When it comes to money, different people will offer different views on it.

26、Many people take it for granted that money is the source of happiness. They hold this opinion because they think with money you can get everything you want.Para. 2However, there are still some people who object to this argument. They think that money is the root of evil. They believe that with money

27、 some people will visit prostitutes and abuse drugs, others will bribe governmental officials and manipulate an election, and so on.Para. 3As far as I am concerned, I support neither of the two opinions for the following reasons. In the first place, while it is true that money is something, it doesn

28、t follow that money is everything. In the second place, not every rich person is happy, nor is every poor person unhappy. Besides, many people lose their lives when they hunt for money. Therefore, money is useful. Money can buy something, but money cant buy everything. Para. 4In accordance with what

29、 we have just discussed above, we may arrive at the conclusion that money itself is neither good nor bad. Money itself has nothing to do with happiness or evil. It is the person who uses money that can be regarded as good or bad. We must have money, but we must not be the slaves of money.第二節(jié) 說明利弊型一、

30、常見命題形式說明利弊型作文常見的命題形式主要有兩種：第一種是對某一事物的利或弊單方面發(fā)表看法；第二種是對某一事物的正反兩方面發(fā)表看法。（一）對某一事物的利或弊單方面發(fā)表看法對某一事物的利或弊單方面發(fā)表看法就是：說明某一事物的利或弊（如：Advantages/ Disadvantages, Positive/ Negative Aspects, Harmfulness of Something.）。其常見的表達方式為：1某一事物的現(xiàn)狀；2產(chǎn)生這一現(xiàn)狀的原因；3這一事物的好處或弊端。例如：1Advantages of a Job Interview (CET-4, 1995.06)Directio

31、ns: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Advantages of a Job Interview. You should write at least 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:（1） 現(xiàn)在找工作一般都要進行面試，通過面試面試者（interviewer）和應(yīng)試者（interviewee）可以相互了解情況。（2）面試

32、者可以向應(yīng)試者介紹情況，如工作性質(zhì)、條件、待遇等。（3）應(yīng)試者也有機會給對方留下一個好的印象，如可以表現(xiàn)出自信心，可以介紹教育背景、工作能力等。2Harmfulness of Fake Commodities (CET-4, 1998.01)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 100 words, and you should

33、base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:（1）目前社會上有不少假冒偽劣商品（fake commodities）。為什么會有這種現(xiàn)象？（2）舉例說明假冒偽劣商品對消費者個人、社會等的危害。3It Pays to Be Honest (CET-4, 2003. 01)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should

34、 write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese. （1）當前社會上存在許多不誠實的現(xiàn)象;（2）誠實利人利已，做人應(yīng)該誠實。（二）對某一事物的正反兩方面發(fā)表看法就某一事物的正反兩方面發(fā)表看法即：說明某一事物的利和弊（如：Advantages and Disadvantages of Something或 Positive and Negative Aspects of Something）。其常見的表達方式為：1某一事物（帶來）的好處；2這一事物可能（給）帶來的問題或弊端；3我對這一事物的體會或我

35、怎樣對待這一事物。例如：1Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports (CET-4, 1993.01)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Positive and Negative Aspects of Sport. You should write no less than 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given i

36、n Chinese) below:（1）運動的積極因素； （2）運動的消極因素；（3）你的體會。2The Two-Day Weekend (CET-4, 1996.01)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Two-day Weekend. You should write at least 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in C

37、hinese) below:（1）雙休日給大學(xué)生帶來的好處；（2）雙休日可能給大學(xué)生帶來的問題；（3）我應(yīng)當怎樣過好雙休日。二、段落布局及寫作模式例1：It Pays to Be Honest （1）當前社會上存在許多不誠實的現(xiàn)象；（2）誠實利人利已，做人應(yīng)該誠實。段落布局寫作模式Para. 1Nowadays, there are many dishonest phenomena in our society, which have brought a lot of troubles to us. Para. 2Dishonest phenomena are very harmful to

38、our society. Take fake products for example. Some dishonest people produce and sell fake products, such as fake foods, fake drugs, fake building materials, etc. to make great profits. They get short-term illegal benefits, but they do great damage to the majority of people and our society. Fake foods

39、 harm peoples health. Fake drugs disable some people and even put some people to death instead of curing them of their diseases, fake building materials destroy our houses, roads and bridges. Dishonest people and businesses are hated by the majority of people and the society as a whole.Para. 3By con

40、trast, honest people and businesses do not make and sell fake commodities. Most of us like to make friends with honest people, and make deals with honest businesses. Honest people and businesses will get long-term benefits from their honesty. They can win trust, respect and honor and can be loved by

41、 the majority of people and our whole society. Therefore, it is important for us to be honest. 例2：The Two-Day Weekend Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Two-day Weekend. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your compos

42、ition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:（1）雙休日給大學(xué)生帶來的好處；（2）雙休日可能給大學(xué)生帶來的問題；（3）我應(yīng)當怎樣過好雙休日。段落布局寫作模式Para. 1At present, the two-day weekend plays an important role in our students lives. But, like everything else, the two-day weekend has both advantages and disadvantages.Para. 2Generally speaking,

43、the advantages of the two-day weekend can be listed as follows. In the first place, it has brought a lot of benefits to our students. It offers our students more free time to get rid of tiredness and have a good rest. In the second place, it gives our students more chances to take part in more outsi

44、de-class activities. Furthermore, our students have more opportunities to do part-time job to make some money to support themselves.Para. 3However, as a very popular saying goes, “everything has two sides”. The two-day weekend has some disadvantages. Great attention should be paid to its unfavorable

45、 sides for the following reasons. For one thing, our weekdays are filled with more classes, sometimes too many. For another, some students use two-day weekends to play computer games all day long. Last but not least, some students do nothing but waste their precious time.Para. 4Based on what we have

46、 just analyzed above, we may arrive at the conclusion that although the two-day weekend has given rise to a number of problems, its advantages outweigh its disadvantages on the whole. And from the dialectical point of view, its unfavorable sides can be converted to its favorable sides. Therefore, we

47、 should maximize the positive aspects of the two-day weekend, minimize its negative aspects, make best use of its advantages, and try our best to avoid its disadvantages to achieve our desired goal.第三節(jié) 解決問題型一、常見命題形式大學(xué)英語考試寫作中，解決問題型作文的出現(xiàn)頻率也是比較高的。解決問題型作文要求我們就如何解決某一（些）問題或困難發(fā)表自己的看法。解決問題型作文題主要有三種出題形式：（一）提

48、出解決問題途徑型提出解決問題途徑型作文的命題形式是：首先提出某一（些）需解決的問題，然后直接或間接地要求我們提出相應(yīng)的解決途徑。例如： 1How I Overcame My Difficulties in English Learning (CET-4, 1992.06)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Overcame my Difficulties in Learning English. You should write at le

49、ast 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:（1） 你在英語學(xué)習中有哪些困難？（2） 你是如何克服這些困難的？2Getting to Know the World outside the Campus (CET-4, 1997.06) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Getting to Know th

50、e World Outside the Campus. You should write at least 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:（1）大學(xué)生了解社會的必要性；（2）了解社會的途徑（大眾媒介、社會服務(wù)等）；（3）我打算怎么做。（二）說明解決問題途徑理由型說明解決問題途徑理由型作文的出題形式是：先要求我們提出某一（些）問題或困難的解決途徑，然后說明哪種途徑最適合于自己。例如：1How I Finance My College Education

51、 (CET-4, 2000.01)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:（1）上大學(xué)的費用(tuition and fees)可以通過各種途徑解決；（2）哪種途徑適合于我（

52、說明理由）。2How to Succeed in a Job Interview? (CET-6, 2001.01)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:（1）現(xiàn)在找工作一般都要

53、面試；（2）面試成功的主要途徑有哪些？ （3）說明選擇的理由。（三）解釋解決問題途徑原因型解釋解決問題途徑原因型作文的出題形式是：首先提出某一（些）需解決的問題或困難，然后要求我們解釋出現(xiàn)這一（些）問題或困難的原因，最后要求我們提出解決問題或困難的途徑。例如：1Make Our City Greener (CET-4, 1990.06)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Make Our City Greener. You should write n

54、o less than 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: （1）城市綠化的狀況；（2）綠化的好處（如：清潔空氣，美化城市，改善氣候.）；（3）怎樣才能實現(xiàn)綠化?2The Career I Pursue (CET-6, 1994.06)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Career I Purs

55、ue. You should write no less than 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:（1）我理想的職業(yè)是什么？（2）為什么我選擇這個職業(yè)？（3）我怎樣為我理想的職業(yè)做準備？3Global Shortage of Fresh Water (CET-4, 1996.06)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on th

56、e topic Global Shortage of Fresh Water. You should write at least 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:（1）人們認為淡水是取之不盡的（提示：雨水、河水、井水）；（2）實際上淡水是非常緊缺的（提示：人口增長、工業(yè)用水增加、污染）；（3）我們應(yīng)該怎么辦？二、段落布局及寫作模式例1：Getting to Know the World outside the Campus (CET-4, 1997.

57、06) （1）大學(xué)生了解社會的必要性；（2）了解社會的途徑（大眾媒介、社會服務(wù)等）；（3）我打算怎么做。段落布局寫作模式Para. 1With the rapid development of society, it is very important for our college students to get to know the world outside the campus. Why should we get to know the world outside the campus?Para. 2There are at least three major reasons th

58、at we should consider seriously. First, knowing the world outside the campus can expand our horizons. At campus, our knowledge derived from books is actually limited. Through contact with society we can learn more practical things. Second, it will let us know exactly what qualities our society requires us to have when we graduate from college. Third, it will make us realize t