淺析物流配送中心選址的影響要素

1、北京化工大學(xué)北方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文原 稿logistics distribution center location factors:(1) the goods distribution and quantity. this is the distribution center and distribution of the object, such as goods source and the future of distribution, history and current and future forecast and development,

2、 etc. distribution center should as far as possible and producer form in the area and distribution short optimization. the quantity of goods is along with the growth of the size distribution and constant growth. goods higher growth rate, the more demand distribution center location is reasonable and

3、 reducing conveying process unnecessary waste.(2) transportation conditions. the location of logistics distribution center should be close to the transportation hub, and to form the logistics distribution center in the process of a proper nodes. in the conditional, distribution center should be as c

4、lose to the railway station, port and highway.(3) land conditions. logistics distribution center covers an area of land in increasingly expensive problem today is more and more important. is the use of the existing land or land again? land price? whether to conform to the requirements of the plan fo

5、r the government, and so on, in the construction distribution center have considered.(4) commodities flow. enterprise production of consumer goods as the population shift and change, should according to enterprise's better distribution system positioning. meanwhile, industrial products market wi

6、ll transfer change, in order to determine the raw materials and semi-finished products of commodities such as change of flow in the location of logistics distribution center should be considered when the flow of the specific conditions of the relevant goods.(5) other factors. such as labor, transpor

7、tation and service convenience degree, investment restrictions, etc.how to reduce logistics cost，enhance the adaptive capacity and strain capacity of distribution center is a key research question of agricultural product logistics distribution centerat present，most of the research on logistics cost

8、concentrates off theoretical analysis of direct factors of logistics cost, and solves the problem of over-high logistics cost mainly by direct channel solutionthis research stresses on the view of how to loeate distribution center, analyzes the influence of locating distribution center on logistics

9、costand finds one kind of simple and easy location method by carrying on the location analysis of distribution center through computer modeling and the application of exeelso the location of agricultural product logistics distribution center can be achieved scientifically and reasonably, which will

10、attain the goal of reducing logistics cost, and have a decisionmaking support function to the logisties facilities and planning of agricultural productthe agricultural product logistics distribution center deals with dozens and even hundreds of clients every day, and transactions are made in high-fr

11、equency. if the distribution center is far away from other distribution points，the moving and transporting of materials and the collecting of operational data is inconvenient and costly. costlythe modernization of agricultural product logistics s distribution center is a complex engineering system，n

12、ot only involves logistics technology, information technology, but also logistics management ideas and its methods，in particular the specifying of strategic location and business model is essential for the constructing of distribution center. how to reduce logistics cost，enhance the adaptive capacit

13、y and strain capacity of distribution center is a key research question of agricultural product logistics distribution center. the socalled logistics costs refers to the expenditure summation of manpower, material and financial resources in the moving process of the goodssuch as loading and unloadin

14、g，conveying，transport，storage，circulating，processing, information processing and other segments. in a word。the logistics cost is the cost of completing all logisties activitiesand the responsibility of reducing 109isties cost not only relies on the logistics section，but also on the establishment of”

15、business strategy”to a great extentin chain operationto lower total logistics cost of distribution center is a strong support of chain supermarkets”profit”. the logistics cost in chain operation occupies a large proportion of the cost of the entire circulationthe chain supermarket companys logistics

16、 cost in developed countries such as the united statesjapan and europe usually accounts for 4-6of the salesthe logistics cost of cold storage distribution (including frozen，chilled) is 25 times the logistics cost of normal temperature distributionif the special attention is not paid to the accountin

17、g of logistics cost of distribution center, it would like to bring the serious consequence to the enterprisethe best location of agricultural product logistics distribution center should be located nearby “river garden” through above computer modeling analysis; it is the minimum transport cost from

18、each of 5 points to the location. there are many uncertain factors difficult to be measured in actual applications, which can be solved by adjusting transport rat ri. this location can basically meet the demand. he key of the models application is the accurate substitution of the maps, and it is not

19、 difficult to figure outin actual logistics practice，possibly involving tens or even hundreds of distribution points，the use of computer methods will be very valuable。theoretically speaking，although its precision has certain error；compared to the traditional location method depending on subjective i

20、maginationit is scientific somewhatadditionally, the above-mentioned method is concise，and no advanced computer programming technology is needed，as long as with certain computer knowledge and operating skills，anyone can complete it，and easily apply it to logistics practiceexperiences from abroad sho

21、ws that the correct location of agricultural product logistics distribution center will help the healthy and orderly development of logistics industrythe rapid industrialization and growth of many countries around the world has spurred the development of supply chains management reach around the wor

22、ld. supply chain management is the management which increases the value of supply chain. it is the process of plan, moderateness and control among departments and organizations in the whole supply chain to the flow of goods, information and capital etc. its purpose is to maximize net value and incre

23、ase operational efficiency and effectiveness to all related process through system optimization.supply chain management is the high stage of logistics development, which provide opportunities for manufacturers to cut costs and be closer to emerging and high growth markets but it has also created new

24、 risks. as supply chains become more and more dependent on the efficient of logistics center in supply chain have great influence to the modern logistics. it play an important role in making use of logistic resources, upgrading logistics technology and logistics equipment, improving quality of servi

25、ce, improving logistics investment environment, promoting the growth of the third party logistics provider. in addition, the site selection of logistics distribution center is an important part of logistics planning, and the quality of site selection program has a directly influence to service cost

26、and scope of the whole logistics system.our model is a variant of the standard fixed charge capacitated facility location models with several sources; which has the same constraints but uses a non-linear objective function to capture the operational aspects of lead times and service level explicitly

27、. as site selection of logistics distribution center is a discrete combinatorial optimization problem. in this paper, we discuss the use of genetic algorithms (ga) for solving the site selection problem. the advantage of ga is that their chromosomes representations depend on the constraints and not

28、the objective function. thus, by modifying only the fitness function, we can use a given representation to develop ga to optimize different objectives under the same constraints. site selection of logistics distribution centers is a kind of np hard problem when the number of vendors and delivers cre

29、ase，the complexity of the problem grows in the form of exponential at the process of site selection，this paper consider the factors among vendors，dealers，distribution centers and the optimization problems under supply chain management etc and design me solution model and test the model with mat lab

30、at last at present， the theoretical study and practical application of the optimization problem is relatively less for the system of site selection under me whole supply chain management so，this paper proposes the practice model of the problem and test it with ga has a center significance of researc

31、h. however, this paper simplifies the cost of delivery path, the impact of certain storage management strategy and administrative measures to site selection of distribution centers are not considered too, etc. those problems are all the focus in our future study.the iron and steel industry has enorm

32、ous logistics components; it is under constant pressure to shorten delivery time, improve quality, reduce cost, and improve service. therefore, how to control the logistics costs under the existing condition is the urgent problem for the iron and steel enterprises.in recent years, many researchers h

33、ave conducted studies on logistics cost management. for cost control of iron and steel enterprises, these studies mainly took the viewpoint of production logistics and production techniques.as present, the logistics cost control of small and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises mainly have the fo

34、llowing major problems:in order to prevent interruption of the supply of raw materials, the enterprises overstock raw material and work in progress.the inventory of raw materials, semi-finished products, and purchased components is determined according to stock requirement, rather than driven by the

35、 orders books.after decades of development, production logistics situation has become more complicated. it has brought more and more challenges to the day-to-day business operation and planning of the enterprises.we assume that the production capacity of enterprises can fully meet the needs of the m

36、arket; the location and sales volume of each wholesaler and its customers have been identified; and the location of resources and the volume of resources have been identified; the finished work to the logistics center can be ignored; and the delivery fee from the logistics center to the wholesalers

37、and customers is constant.the supply and distribution networks and demand volume of cw group are as shown in fig.1. according to the logistics center location model in (2),the longitude and latitude coordinates are calculated as(105.7,26.5). thus, the logistics center is to be built at longquan in c

38、hengdu. in 2006, cw group corporation has developed a complete logistics distribution map, established a database of its distributed inventory, rationalized the companys external transportation routes, optimized the flow of goods and materials, continued to reduce the rate of empty vehicles and impr

39、oved efficiency, integrated the logistics resources in lianjie, zizhong, longquan, xichang, and chongqing, and optimized the logistics transportation costs.based on the concept of a logistics center, the corporation has formed integrated logistics infrastructure using longquan as the center, and pro

40、jecting its capability to as far afield as yunnan,guizhou,shanxi,chongqing and other provinces, integrating road, railway, warehousing and distribution service. it has achieved a logistics operating revenue of 277 million yuan (rmb) and a profit of 12.5 million yuan in 2006. the third-party logistic

41、s group has achieved a 1.75 million yuan revenue outside the corporation.this paper establishes a logistics center location model to optimize the enterprises logistics network and reduce inventory and transportation costs.this paper also provides a case study, showing that this method can effectivel

42、y enhance the logistics cost control of small and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises and effectively reduce the companys transportation and logistics operating costs.譯 文物流配送中心選址的影響因素 ：（1）貨物分布和數(shù)量。這是配送中心配送的對象，如貨物來源和去向的分布情況、歷史和現(xiàn)在以及將來的預(yù)測和發(fā)展等。配送中心應(yīng)該盡可能地與生產(chǎn)地和配送區(qū)域形成短距離優(yōu)化。貨物數(shù)量是隨配送規(guī)模的增長而不斷增長的。貨物增長率越高，越是

43、要求配送中心選址的合理性，從而減少輸送過程中不必要的浪費(fèi)。（2）運(yùn)輸條件。物流配送中心的選址應(yīng)接近交通運(yùn)輸樞紐，使配送中心形成物流過程中的一個恰當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)點(diǎn)。在有條件的情況下，配送中心應(yīng)盡可能靠近鐵路貨運(yùn)站、港口及公路。（3）用地條件。物流配送中心的占地問題在土地日益昂貴的今天顯得越來越重要。是利用現(xiàn)有的土地，還是重新征地？地價如何？是否符合政府規(guī)劃要求等等，在建設(shè)配送中心時都要進(jìn)行綜合考慮。 （4）商品流動。企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的消費(fèi)品隨著人口的轉(zhuǎn)移而變化，應(yīng)據(jù)此更好地為企業(yè)的配送系統(tǒng)定位。同時，工業(yè)產(chǎn)品市場也會轉(zhuǎn)移變化，為了確定原材料和半成品等商品的流動變化情況，在進(jìn)行物流配送中心的選址時，應(yīng)考慮有關(guān)商品

44、流動的具體情況。 （5）其他因素。如勞動力、運(yùn)輸與服務(wù)的方便程度、投資額的限制等。 如何降低物流成本，提高適應(yīng)能力和應(yīng)變能力是一個配送中心，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品物流配送中心，重點(diǎn)研究的問題。目前，對物流的研究集中了最經(jīng)濟(jì)的物流成本的直接因素理論分析，解決了在高物流問題的成本主要由直接通道解決方案。這項研究對配送中心如何選址的觀點(diǎn)來講，分析了定位的配送中心物流成本的影響。并找到一種簡單的，容易被定位的一種方法賬面上，通過計算機(jī)模擬的配送中心選址分析及應(yīng)用，因此對農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品的物流配送中心的位置。才能實(shí)現(xiàn)科學(xué)，合理，這將達(dá)到降低物流成本的目標(biāo)，并作出決定。決策支持功能到物流設(shè)施和農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品規(guī)劃。 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品物流配送和客戶

45、有數(shù)十甚至數(shù)百個每天和交易中心的交易是在高頻率。如果配送中心是遠(yuǎn)離其他經(jīng)銷點(diǎn)，移動和材料運(yùn)輸和業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)采集不便，成本高。在現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)中的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品物流配送中心是一個復(fù)雜的工程系統(tǒng)，不僅涉及具體的戰(zhàn)略定位和商業(yè)模式指定的物流技術(shù)，信息技術(shù)，而且還物流管理理念和方法，對于構(gòu)建基本的分布中心。如何降低物流成本，提高適應(yīng)能力和應(yīng)變能力是一個配送中心，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品物流配送中心，重點(diǎn)研究的問題。所謂物流成本是指在貨物移動過程中的人力，物力，財力的支出總和。如裝卸，搬運(yùn)，運(yùn)輸，儲存，流通，加工，信息處理等領(lǐng)域。總之，物流成本是完成所有物流活動的費(fèi)用。和降低物流責(zé)任成本不僅依賴于物流節(jié)，但也對“經(jīng)營策略”，以一個偉大的

46、供應(yīng)鏈連鎖經(jīng)營，降低總的物流配送中心的成本是連鎖超市的大力支持“利潤“。連鎖超市公司的物流成本在發(fā)達(dá)國家大部分費(fèi)用冷庫分布（包括冷藏冷凍）為2.5倍，常溫儲存，如果物流成本特別注意的是不支付給物流配送中心的成本會計，它會給企業(yè)帶來嚴(yán)重的后果。 在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品物流配送中心的最佳位置應(yīng)位于通過上述計算機(jī)模擬分析附近的“河園”，它是從每題5分運(yùn)輸成本最低的位置。有許多不確定因素很難在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中測量，它可以通過調(diào)整運(yùn)輸解決。這個位置可以基本滿足需求。他對模型的應(yīng)用程序的關(guān)鍵是準(zhǔn)確的地圖取代，這是不難作出的實(shí)際物流圖，可能涉及數(shù)十甚至數(shù)百個分銷點(diǎn)，電腦使用方法將是非常寶貴的。理論上講，雖然它的精度有一定的誤差

47、相對于傳統(tǒng)的定位方法依賴于主觀意見.它是比較科學(xué)的，此外，上面提到的方法簡明，沒有先進(jìn)的計算機(jī)編程技術(shù)是必要的，具有一定的電腦知識，只要和操作技能，任何人都可以完成它，也很容易申請到國外物流經(jīng)驗(yàn)，實(shí)踐表明，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品物流配送中心的正確位置將有助于物流業(yè)的健康有序發(fā)展。快速工業(yè)化和世界各地的許多國家的增長刺激了對供應(yīng)鏈管理的發(fā)展達(dá)到世界各地。供應(yīng)鏈管理是管理這增加了供應(yīng)鏈的價值。這是規(guī)劃，適度和部門之間以及在整個供應(yīng)鏈的貨物流通組織控制過程中，信息和資金等，其目的是最大限度地增加凈值，通過系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)作效率和效力的所有相關(guān)流程優(yōu)化。供應(yīng)鏈管理是物流的發(fā)展，這為制造商提供機(jī)會，降低成本并更貼近新興市場和高

48、增長市場，而且它也創(chuàng)造了新的風(fēng)險較高的階段。由于供應(yīng)鏈變得越來越多的物流中心在供應(yīng)鏈效率有很大的影響力依賴于現(xiàn)代物流業(yè)。發(fā)揮它在使后勤資源，提升物流技術(shù)和物流設(shè)備，提高服務(wù)質(zhì)量，改善物流投資環(huán)境，促進(jìn)第三方物流供應(yīng)商發(fā)展的重要作用。此外，物流配送中心選址是物流規(guī)劃的重要組成部分，而選址方案的質(zhì)量有直接影響服務(wù)的成本和整個物流系統(tǒng)的范圍。我們的模型是一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的固定設(shè)施的能力受限與數(shù)位模型充電源變體;它具有同樣的限制，但使用非線性目標(biāo)函數(shù)來捕捉交貨期和服務(wù)水平的明確的業(yè)務(wù)方面。作為站點(diǎn)的物流配送中心選址是一個離散組合優(yōu)化問題。在本論文中，我們討論選址問題解決了（ga）的遺傳算法的使用。了遺傳算法的

49、優(yōu)點(diǎn)是，他們的染色體陳述的約束和目標(biāo)函數(shù)不依賴。因此，只有通過修改的健身功能，我們可以使用一個給定的代表性ga的發(fā)展相同的約束下，優(yōu)化不同的目標(biāo)。網(wǎng)站的物流配送中心選址是一個np難問題的一種。當(dāng)供應(yīng)商的數(shù)量和提供的折痕，這個問題的復(fù)雜性的增加的指數(shù)形式。在選址過程中，本文考慮廠商之間的因素，經(jīng)銷商，分銷中心和供應(yīng)鏈管理下的優(yōu)化等我解決問題和設(shè)計模型和測試，最后用墊實(shí)驗(yàn)室模型。目前，理論研究和實(shí)際應(yīng)用的優(yōu)化問題是相對的選址系統(tǒng)少在我整個供應(yīng)鏈管理。因此，本文提出的模型和測試問題的實(shí)踐與ga它有一個研究中心的意義。然而，本文簡化了傳遞路徑的成本，某些存儲管理戰(zhàn)略和行政措施的影響配送中心的工地，不考

50、慮太多的選擇，等等這些問題都是我們今后研究的重點(diǎn)。鋼鐵行業(yè)已經(jīng)部分巨大的物流，它的壓力下不斷縮短交貨期，提高質(zhì)量，降低成本，提高服務(wù)的。因此，如何控制現(xiàn)有條件下的物流成本是鋼鐵企業(yè)亟待解決的問題：1、近年來，許多研究人員進(jìn)行物流成本管理的研究。出于成本的鋼鐵企業(yè)的控制，這些研究主要是采取了生產(chǎn)物流和生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的觀點(diǎn)。 至于目前，小型和中小型鋼鐵企業(yè)的物流成本控制主要有以下主要問題： 2、為了防止原材料，企業(yè)庫存積壓的原材料和供應(yīng)中斷正在進(jìn)行的工作。 3、對原材料，半成品，并購買部分庫存確定是根據(jù)股票的要求，而不是由訂單驅(qū)動的書籍。 經(jīng)過幾十年的發(fā)展，生產(chǎn)物流形勢更加復(fù)雜。它帶來了越來越多的挑戰(zhàn)，

51、日常的日常業(yè)務(wù)運(yùn)作及企業(yè)的規(guī)劃。 我們假設(shè)企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)能力完全可以滿足市場的需求，地點(diǎn)和銷售的每個批發(fā)商和客戶數(shù)量已經(jīng)確定，以及對資源的位置和已查明資源量;完成的工作物流中心可以忽略;并從物流中心配送費(fèi)用，批發(fā)商和客戶是不變的。供應(yīng)和分銷網(wǎng)絡(luò)和需求的cw集團(tuán)體積圖所示。據(jù)物流中心選址模型（2），經(jīng)度和緯度坐標(biāo)計算（105.7,26.5）。因此，物流中心要在成都龍泉建成。2006年，cw集團(tuán)公司已開發(fā)出完整的物流分布圖，建立了其分布式庫存數(shù)據(jù)庫，理順公司的對外運(yùn)輸通道，優(yōu)化了物資流，繼續(xù)減少空車和提高效率的綜合，速率在資中，龍泉，西昌，重慶物流資源，優(yōu)化了物流運(yùn)輸成本。對物流中心的概念的基礎(chǔ)上，該

52、公司已形成了以綜合物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施為中心，龍泉，和預(yù)測的能力，盡可能云南，貴州，山西，重慶等省市，整合公路，鐵路，倉儲和配送更遠(yuǎn)服務(wù)。它實(shí)現(xiàn)了物流業(yè)務(wù)收入277萬元（人民幣）和2006年的1250萬元利潤。在第三方物流集團(tuán)已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了境外公司175萬元的收入。本文建立了一個物流中心，以優(yōu)化企業(yè)物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)，減少庫存和運(yùn)輸成本選址模型。本文還提供了一個案例研究，表明該方法可以有效地提高小型和中型鋼鐵企業(yè)的物流成本控制，有效降低了公司的運(yùn)輸和物流運(yùn)營成本。 內(nèi)部資料僅供參考9jwkffwvg#tym*jg&6a*cz7h$dq8kqqfhvzfedswsyxty#&qa9wkxfyeq!dj

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