英語幾大從句

1、1.主語從句1）主語從句可直接位于主語的位置，如果從句較長，謂語又較短，可用it作形式主語，而將從句放在句末。常見的句型有：* it is a facta pitya questiongood news that.* it seemsappearshappenedhasturned out that.* it is clearimportantlikelypossible that.* it is saidreportedestimatedhasbeen proved that.it is said that comic books create a connection between pe

2、ople of the same gener ation.it seems that the performance is very useful.2）what引導的主語從句表示“.的東西時”，一般不用it作形式主語。what we lack is experience.3）what,who,when,why,whether 等詞含有各自的疑問意義，但它們引導的主語從句，者b用陳 述語序。how the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.i did know why i felt like crying.2.2.賓語從句1）

3、賓語從句可位于及物動詞、介詞和某些形容詞后。連詞 that?？墒÷?。介詞后一般接疑 問詞引導的賓語從句。in that（因為）,except that（除了）,but that（只是）已構成固定搭配，其 他介詞后一般不接that引導的賓語從句。* i promised that i would change the situation.* all this is different from what american young people would say about friendship.* he is certain that watching so much television

4、 is not good for children.* this article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.2）賓語從句后如有賓補，要用形式賓語it來代替，而把賓語從句移至賓補之后。he has made it clear that he would not change his mind.3）在think,believe,suppose,expect等動詞后的賓語從句中，如果謂語是否定的，一般將否定詞移至主句謂語上，賓語從句則變成肯定形式。he didn't think that the money was we

5、ll spent.3 .表語從句表語從句出現在結構為“主語 +系動詞+表語從句”的句子中。表語從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how 等引導外，還可由 because,as if（though）等引導。that ?？墒÷?。如 主句主語為reason,只能用that引導表語從句，不可用 because.perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common typ e of life in america.the reason why so many people di

6、ed there is that there were not enough food su pplies.3.1 t looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.)賓語從句后如有賓補，要用形式賓語it來代替，而把賓語從句移至賓補之后。he has made it clear that he would not change his mind.4 .同位語從句同位語從句用于對前面出現的名詞作進一步說明，一般用連詞 that引導，由于先行名詞的意義不同，也可用whe

7、ther,who,when,where,what,why,how等引導。常見的先行名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有時由于謂語較短，將同位語從句位于謂語之后。she finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.i had no idea how many books i could borrow at a time.the news came that their

8、team had won the championship.4.1 定語從句定語從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞，也可以是一個句子。定語從句通常位于先行詞之后，由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。邛艮制性定語從句限制性定語從句修飾先行詞，對先行詞起修飾作用，緊接先行詞之后，無逗號，若省去，原句意思不完整。引導定語從句的關系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that 等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有時也可指物，相當于 of which ; which用于指物；that既可 指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定語從句中。關系代詞除了引導定語從句，替代先行詞外，還在從句中擔任主

9、語、賓語、定語等。the computers and cables which make up the internet are owned by people and o rganizations.those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other p eople.the girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.1)當先行詞是 all,anything,everything,someth

10、ing,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高級修飾時，只能用關系代詞that引導從句。that is all that i've heard from him.he's the first person that i'm going to interview this afternoon.2)關系代詞的省略在從句中作賓語的關系代詞?？墒÷?。關系代詞緊跟介詞，作介詞賓語日不可用that,只可用which或whom引導從句，并且不可省略，但當介詞位于賓語從句句末時，作為介詞賓 語的關系代詞

11、仍可用that,也可省略。this is one of those things with which we have to put up.this is one of those things (whichthat) we have to put up with.3)引導定語從句的關系副詞有when,where,why 等。關系副詞在從句中作狀語，意義上相當于一個“介詞+which ”的結構。even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expr essed through the

12、drawings.no one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.5.5. 定語從句*非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行詞，也可修飾整個主句，起補充說明作用，與主句之間有逗號隔開，若省去，原句意思'不受影響。不可用 that引導非限制性定語從句。關系詞不可省 略。every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.* “介詞+whichwhomwhose ”引導的定語從句“介詞+whichwhomwhose ”

13、可引導限制性定語從句，也可引導非限制性定語從句，該結 構中介詞的選擇取決于從句謂語動詞的固定搭配，或先行詞的習慣搭配。this is the computer on which he spent all his savings it is written by a person with whom we are all familiar. *as引導的定語從句as引導的定語從句主要用于“such.as "及"the same.as ”的結構中，代替先行詞是人 或物的名詞。as引導非限制性定語從句時，代替整個主句，從句可位于主句之前、之后或 中間。these are not

14、such problems as can be easily solved.(as 代替先行詞 problems)as is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on t he internet.(as 代替主語)6.狀語從句*時間狀語從句 引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞和詞組有：1) when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once 等。we have learnt quite a lot about it since we cam

15、e here.2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely).when,no sooner.than,each(every) time,the moment,im mediately(that)等。as soon as i sent an e-mail message,i received positive responses.the moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.*地點狀語從句引導地點狀語從句的連詞是where,wherever.wherever she went,she took her little daug

16、hter with her.*原因、結果和目的狀語從句1)弓i導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,consideringthat,in that 等。considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.2)引導結果狀語從句的連詞有：so.that,such.that,so that,that,so 等。mickey mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.3）引導目

17、的狀語從句的連詞有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，從句常使用 may,might,can,could,would等情態(tài)動詞。we got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway st ation.*條件和讓步狀語從句1)引導條件狀語從句的連詞和詞組有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing 等。as lon

18、g as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.2)引導讓步狀語從句的連詞和詞組有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how.),whatever(whenever,wherever,however.)等。though,even if 等弓i導狀語從句可轉換成含有as的部分倒裝結構，具有強調意義。其結構為“形容詞(副詞、動詞、名詞)+as+主語+謂語”。no matter what you may say,i would not change my mind.young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is yo