初中英語牛津譯林版八下Unit6知識點梳理

1、Unit 6 Sunshine for all6.1 Comic strip & Welcome to the unit1. I'm training to be a volunteer for the Olympic Games.我正在為成為奧林匹克運(yùn)動會的志愿者而訓(xùn)練。train意為 訓(xùn)練”，常構(gòu)成短語train for,意為 為而訓(xùn)練”，介詞for表示目的，意為 為"；其中train作不及物動詞；train as意為 訓(xùn)練當(dāng)”。He is training to be a doctor他正訓(xùn)練當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。They are training for the com

2、ing World Cup他們正在為即將到來的世界杯集訓(xùn)I。He is now being trained as a voluntee他現(xiàn)在正在接受訓(xùn)練成為一名志愿者。train也可以作及物動詞，后面直接跟賓語。They are training the dolphin to help them save people in the sea.trainer n.教練員.馴獸師trainee n.接受培訓(xùn)者，學(xué)員，實習(xí)生【考點解析Olympic games Olympic Games是一個復(fù)數(shù)形式的短語，但當(dāng)它作主語時，謂語有的時候用單數(shù) 形式，有的時候用復(fù)數(shù)形式。一般情況下，當(dāng)Olympic

3、Games泛指時用復(fù)數(shù)形式； 而特指某一次奧運(yùn)會時常常用單數(shù)形式。The Olympic Games are held every four years.奧運(yùn)會每四年舉行一次。The last Olympic Games was held in London in 2012.上一屆奧運(yùn)會是 2012 年在倫 敦舉行的。2. It's meaningful to do something for the Olympics.為奧林匹克運(yùn)動會做一些事情是很有意義的。meaningful形容詞，意為宥意義的"，由名詞meaning加形容詞后綴-ful構(gòu)成。句型 “It'sad

4、j.+ (for sb.)+to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。It's meaningful to plant trees every yea 每年植樹彳艮有意義。mean 動詞，意為 意思是，意味著 “；meaning名詞，意為 意義”，由動詞 mean 力口-ing 構(gòu)成； meaningless 形容詞，無意義的3. I need some more food to eat at work .我需要更多食物在工作時吃。need(1)作情態(tài)動詞，通常用在疑問句、否定句中。Need he go so soon?他這么快就要走嗎？He needn't go他不必走。作行為動詞Does

5、he need to go so soon?ft 這么快就要走嗎？He doesn't need to goto不需要走。He needs to go 他得走。He needs our help#需要我們的幫助。作行為動詞的need后可接動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義。The garden needs watering to be watered)花園該澆水了。some more food 更多一些食物數(shù)量意義詞+more+名詞：表更多=another+數(shù)量意義詞+名詞4. They can provide special places for homeless people to st

6、vide sth. for sb. 為某人提供某物 =provide sb. with sth.He was very poor because hepfovide food for seven children他很窮，因為他要給七個孩子提供食物。6.2 Reading1. task n.任務(wù)，工作How long will it take to finish this task?完成這項任務(wù)需要多少時間 ？2. background n.背景The mountains form a background to this photograph of the family.這幅家庭照

7、的背 景是群山。3. Liu Ming did not know what to expect 劉明不知道期待什么 (1)表示期待，期望”，通常用作及物動詞I'm expecting a telephone call from her.We should not expect success overnight.expect它還可以表示 預(yù)計；預(yù)料”等。I expect a storm.我預(yù)計會有場暴風(fēng)雨。I expect to be back on Sunday. /I expect that l will be back on Sunda城預(yù)計周日回 來。(3)其后可接不定式或不定

8、式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，但不能接動名詞。I expect to finish the work by Friday.我預(yù)計在星期五以前完成此項工作。He expected her to go with him化期望她同他一起去。(4)其后可接that從句，若從句謂語為否定，注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。I don't expect that he has arrived so earl我預(yù)料他不會至 U得這么早。4. many events similar to those in the Olympics 很多與奧運(yùn)會類似的項 目短語similar to those in the Olympics為后置形容詞

9、短語， 用于修飾 eventso similar 意思是相似的，類似的”。be similar to意為 與相似/相仿”。His teaching style is similar to that of most teachers.他的教學(xué)風(fēng)格和多數(shù)教師相似。be similar in表示 在某方面相似/相仿”。The two houses are similar in shape.這兩個房子在形狀上相似。5. necessaryadj. 必須的； 必要的It is necessary to remember these facts記住這些事實是彳艮有必要的?！就卣埂烤湫汀癐t's a

10、dj.+ (for sb.) + to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)形容詞修飾后面的動詞不 定式時，如 necessary, difficult/hard, tiring, easy, (im)possibl*時，介詞用 for； 當(dāng) 形容詞修飾人(的內(nèi)在品質(zhì)時)，如generous, kind, good/great, polite等時，介詞 用of。6. achieve vt.達(dá)到，取得”，指經(jīng)過努力取得勝利、成功，實現(xiàn)目的、目標(biāo)等。You will achieve your ambition if you work hard.如果你努力，你的抱負(fù)是可以實現(xiàn)的7. Volunteering fo

11、r the Special Olympics World Games為夏季特奧會做志愿者(l)volunteer vi. & vt.志愿做，義務(wù)做volunteer for . 志愿做；主動做No one volunteeredfor cleaning the henhouse.沒有人主動去清理雞舍。(2) volunteer to . 志愿做;主動提出 He volunteeredto water our plants.他主動提出給我們的植物澆水。volunteer n.義務(wù)工作者；志愿者Zhalong Nature Reserve needsvolunteers to count

12、and describe birds.學(xué)校需要義 務(wù)工作者來數(shù)和描述鳥。8. The Special Olympics World Games give children and adults with intellectual disabilities a chance to show their skills to the world. 特奧會給有智力缺陷的孩 子和成人一個向全世界展示能力的機(jī)會。(1)句中的 with intellectual disabilities 為后置定語，修飾 children and adults。 介詞短語作定語一般要后置。The key to my bic

13、ycle is missing.我的自行車鑰匙丟了。(2) chance可作可數(shù)名詞，意為 機(jī)會；機(jī)遇”。Please give me a chance to explain請給我個解釋的機(jī)會?！就卣埂縝y chance意為 耦然地；碰巧”。I met one of my old friends by chanceyesterday.9. Over 40,000 people gave up their spare time for the 2007 Special Olympics World Games.give up意為 放棄”，其后可接動詞-ing形式。Nick ' s fat

14、her had to give up smoking because of his illness.give up后還可跟名詞(短語)。Ed' s mother gave up her job to look after him.代詞作give up的賓語時要放在give和up之間。This is a good chance. I won ' t give it up.10. Then they provided support for the athletes and helped make the event a great success.然后志愿者們?yōu)檫\(yùn)動員提供支持，使

15、本屆特奧會取得很大的成功。句中的support可以用作名詞或動詞，意思是 支持”。11. He was born with intellectual disabilities.他生下來就有智力問題。短語be born with意思是 生來具有”。He was born with a weak heart.他生來心臟虛弱。12. It was very brave of him to join the competition. 他參加競賽真的很勇敢。句型It ' s adj. + of sb. to do sth.通常表示說話人對客觀事件的驚訝、興奮、懊 悔、難過等感嘆情緒。表示聰明或愚

16、蠢的形容詞，有 clever, wise, foolish, stupid, silly, unwise, dumb(愚笨 的)，absurd流謬的)等。如：It ' s silly of him to do such a things竟干出這樣的事，真是愚蠢！(1) 表示正確或錯誤的形容詞 ，有 right, wrong, correct, incorrect等。如:It was right of her not to come here.她沒有來這兒，太對了!(2) 表示好壞等品性的形容詞，此類詞較多，有g(shù)ood, nice, kind, friendly, lovely, won

17、derful, bad, unkind, naughty 等。如：It ' s friendly of you to come and see me能來看我,真夠朋友!(3) 表示褒義或貶義色彩的形容詞，有brave, polite, careless, selfish如：It was brave of you to manage to do it.你居然能做成這件事，真勇敢！13. To Li Hai, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver, but to take part.對李海來說，最重要的東西不是贏

18、得一塊金牌或銀牌，而是參與。not but 不是而是PE is not my favourite, but Music.我最喜歡的不是體育而是音樂。14. Li Hai tried his best and finished fourth.李海盡了 最大努力并取得第四名。當(dāng)序數(shù)詞表示名次時，其前面的定冠詞通?？梢允÷?。Who won （the） first prize?誰獲得了一等獎？15. It's fantastic to work as a volunteer!作為一名志愿者工作真是太棒了 ！work as意為 擔(dān)任；以身份而工作”。當(dāng)序數(shù)詞表示名次時，其前面的定冠詞通?？梢允÷?/p>

19、。He works as a head teacher in our scho他在我們學(xué)校擔(dān)任班主任。16. To Li Hai, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver, but to take part.win的用法如下：用作不及物動詞，意為 求勝，得勝，成功，達(dá)到"，與succeed同義，與fail 相反。We won in the football match last week在上周的足球比賽中我們贏了。用作及物動詞，意為 求得,博得”。He won the Nobel Prize for phys

20、ics他獲得諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎。He won the first prize for his invention.他的發(fā)明獲得了一等獎。win + sth.（贏的東西）；beat+ sb.（打敗的人）We beat them® 們贏了 他們。Who won the game, Li Ming or Liu Hai?誰贏了游戲，李明還是劉海？17. Athletes and volunteers from different backgrounds feel like part of one big family.來自不同背景的運(yùn)動員和志愿者感覺像一個大家庭的成員。意為想要"，f

21、eel like doing意為想要做某事"，相當(dāng)于want/would like to do sth.I feel like eating this kind of food.我想吃這種食物。意為覺得像；摸起來像The cap feels like an animal這帽子摸起來像一個動物。18. It's great for us to work closely with these special athletes.對于我們來說和這些特殊的運(yùn)動員在一起緊密合作真好。work closely with意為 與緊密合作”。I often work closely with

22、my deskmate.我經(jīng)常和我的同桌緊密合作。6.3 GrammarIt is + adj. + to-infinitive (It is + 形容詞十動詞不定式)It is + adj. + for + to-infinitive1) It is + adj. + to-infinitive (It is + 形容詞十動詞不定式)“Itis+形容詞+動詞不定式”可以用來描述行為和情境。在該句型中，it是形式 主語，真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式。把真正的主語放在句末而用it作形式主語也是為了句子的協(xié)調(diào)，避免 頭重腳輕”。該句型中的形容詞是用來描述行為或 情境的。It is dangerou

23、s to play football in the street 在街上踢足球是危險的。It is hard to understand what he said?理解他的話是很難的。2) It is + adj. + for + to-infinitive“It is形容詞+ for 十動詞不定式”可以用來具體說明正在談?wù)摰氖虑椤Ｔ谠摼?型中，it是形式主語，for后面所引導(dǎo)的人或物是動詞不定式的邏輯主語，for sb./sth. to do sth在英語中通常稱為動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的形容詞用來說明不定 式的特征，而不是說明人的特征或性格。用于該句型的常見形容詞有：hard,diff

24、icult , easy, important, interesting, dangerous, possible, 'impossible, meaningful, comfortable, uncomfortable 等。It's difficult for you to pass the exam對你來說通過這次考試是困難的。2. It is + adj. + of + (not) to do sth . (It is +形容詞+ of + 動詞不定式)“Itis +形容詞+ of3+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)用來對某人的品質(zhì)、性格等作出評價， 其中的形容詞必須是表示人的品質(zhì)、性格

25、等的形容詞。it是形式主語，沒有實際 意義。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的sb.和(not) to do sth.有著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以該句型又可以轉(zhuǎn)換 成 “sb.be+ adj.+ (not) to do sth.。用于該句型的常見形容詞有：careless, careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, polite, impolite, rude, selfish, generous, wise, silly, modest, proud, thoughtful 等。It's very nice of you to give me a gift. =Y

26、ou are very nice to give me a gift.你送給我 禮物，你真好。It is silly of you not to forgive others for their mistakes. =You are silly not to forgive others for their mistakes.你不原諒別人的錯誤是愚蠢的。3. donate . to . 捐給donate money to charities 給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐錢donate blood to people in nee盼有需要白人獻(xiàn)血 .4. experience 經(jīng)驗，經(jīng)歷表示經(jīng)驗時是不可數(shù)名詞，

27、表示經(jīng)歷時是可數(shù)名詞。The greatest teacher is experience 經(jīng)驗是最好的老師。Please tell us your experiences in America請你告訴我們你在美洲的經(jīng)歷。experience還可以做動詞用，意為經(jīng)歷”The more you experience, the more knowledge you will get.5. have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有麻煩Do you have trouble in learning English?你在英語上有困難嗎？have trouble (in) doin

28、g sth.=have trouble with sth.另外 have trouble (in) doing sth結(jié)構(gòu)中，trouble 還可以換成 "difficulty, problems6.4 Integrated skills & Study Skills1. north -west China 中國西北部(1)表示方位的名詞east, west等常與介詞on, in, to連用，來表達(dá)兩地的相互 位置，但含義卻各有不同：表示某地在某一特定區(qū)域內(nèi)時，用余詞 in。Nanjing is in the south of Jiangsu.南京在江蘇的南部。表示某地在某一

29、特定區(qū)域外，且兩地相互接壤時，用介詞on。Henan is on the west of Shandong.f 南在山東的西部。表示某地在某一特定區(qū)域外，且兩地相互不相連時，用介詞 to。Korea is to the east of China.1 國在中國的東面。（2） east, west等方位詞既可作名詞又可作形容詞。作名詞時常用于“the方位詞+ of”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“部”；作形容詞時常構(gòu) 成具有行政區(qū)劃意義的專有名詞。試比較：She works in the north of China.她在中國的北部工作。She works in North China.她在華北工作。east w

30、est作形容詞時意為 東方的；東部的”、西方的；西部的"。一般說來， east west等構(gòu)成專有名詞時具有一定的政治意義或社會意義，其劃分較為明確；而eastern, western只是單純從地理方位上講，無政治或社會意義，且劃分較為 模糊。如：East China華東（特指行政區(qū)劃中的東部幾?。籩astern China中國東部（泛指中 國的東部地區(qū)）。2. in mountain area 在山區(qū)Most children in city don ' t like to live in mountain area.絕大部分城里的孩子不喜歡住在山區(qū)。area的常見用法如

31、下： 區(qū)域；地區(qū) help children in poor area邯助貧困地區(qū)的孩子 面積have an area of 有的面積3. by writing emails 通過寫電子郵件by在此意為 通過"，后接動詞時要用doing的形式。I help him by sending some money to him我通過給他寄錢的方式幫助他。by的常見用法如下：在近處；在旁邊standing by the window站在窗戶旁邊經(jīng)；由；從 We came by the back roa瞰們從后面的小路而來。不遲于By tomorrow he'll be here他明天

32、就到這兒。被；由 written by Shakespeare莎士比亞寫的以方式 She earns money by writing她靠寫作掙錢。逐一；連續(xù) One by one they left他們一個接一個地離去了。4. daily life 日常生活day (n.) - daily (adj.)日常英語daily English日報daily newspaper以“l(fā)y結(jié)尾的形容詞：friendly-lively -lovely-likely -lonely-elderly-daily-weekly-monthly-year ly5. save our pocket money此處s

33、ave的意思為 儲存；保存”If you save money now, you will be able to buy a car soon.如果你現(xiàn)在存錢的話，你不久就能買小汽車了。save的其他用法： 救save one ' s life某人的命 節(jié)約save a lot of time節(jié)約很長時間6. keep in touch 保持聯(lián)絡(luò)keep in touch with sb. 與某人保持聯(lián)系keep in touch by doing sth. 通過某方式保持聯(lián)系Wherever you go, keep in touch with me, please.無論你去哪里，請與我保持聯(lián)絡(luò)。6.5 Task & Self-assessment1. He has been ill in hospital since last month.他從上個月開始生病住院了。 本句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時，表示從過去某一時間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或事情。They have worked here since 197馳們從1975年開始就在這工作了。2. have a serious disease有嚴(yán)重的血液疾病表示 生病”通常用動詞have。如