初中英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、初中復(fù)習(xí)資料【初中英語詞組總結(jié)】1 （see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at （感官動(dòng)詞）+do eg:l like watching mon keys jump2 （比較級and比較級）表示越來越怎么樣3 a piece of cake =easy小菜一碟（容易）4 agree with sb贊成某人5 all kinds of 各種各樣a kind of 一樣整個(gè)世界6 all over the world = the whole world7 along with 同一道，伴隨 eg : I will go along wit

2、h you我將和你一起去the stude nts pla nted trees along with their teachers學(xué)生同老師們一起種樹8 As soon as一怎么樣就怎么樣9 as you can see 你是知道的10 ask for求助 向要（直接接想要的東西）11 ask sb for sth向某人什么12 ask sb to do sth詢問某人某事ask sb not to do叫某人不要做某事13 at the age of在歲時(shí)的開始感覺/對什么有信心，自信14 at the beginning of 的起初；15 at the end of + 地點(diǎn)/+時(shí)間

3、 最后；盡頭；末尾16 at this time of year在每年的這個(gè)時(shí)候17 be /feel con fide nt of sth /that clause + 從句18 be + doing 表：1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 2將來時(shí)19 be able to 什 v原）=can （+ v 原） 能夠21 be afraid to do （of sth恐懼，害怕 22 be allowed to do被允許做什么23 be an gry with sb生某人的氣24 be an gry with（at） sb for doi ng sth為什么而生某人的氣25 be as原級 as 和什么一樣 e

4、g : She is as tall as me她和我一樣高26 be ashamed to27 be away from遠(yuǎn)離28 be away from 從離開29 be bad for 對什么有害30 be born 出生于31 be busy doi ng sth忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于32 be careful 當(dāng)心；小心33 be differe nt from 和什么不一樣34 be famous for 以著名35 be frie ndly to sb對某人友好36 be from = come from 來自37 be full of 裝滿的 be

5、filled with 充滿 eg: the glass is full of waterthe glassbe glad+to+do/ 從句在某方面善長，善于be goi ng to + v（ 原） 將來時(shí) be good at（+do ing） = do well inbe good for對什么有好處383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576be happy to do be helpful to sb be in good health be in trouble be i

6、n terested in很高興做某事對某人有好處身體健康 處于困難中對某方面感興趣be late for = come late to 遲至 U eg: Be late for class上課遲至 Ube like 像 eg : rm like my motherbe mad at生某人的氣be made from由制成（制成以后看不見原材料）be made of由制成（制成以后還看得見原材料 ）be not sure表不確定be on a visit to 參觀be popular with sb受某人歡迎be quiet 安靜be short for表*的縮寫eg:陶 is short

7、for 陶俊杰be sick in bed生病在床be sorry to do sthbe sorry for sbeg : I am sorry for yoube sorry to hear thatbe sorry to trouble sbbe strict in doing sth嚴(yán)于做某事be strict with sb對某人要求嚴(yán)格be strict with sb in sth某方面對某人嚴(yán)格be supposed to do被要求干什么be sure 表確定be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心be sure of sth對做某事有信心be sure th

8、at sth對做某事有信心be sure to do sth定會(huì)做某事 We are sure to lear n En glish well我們一定能學(xué)好英語be terrified of +名/動(dòng)doing害怕be terrified to do sth害怕做某事be the sa me as 和什么一樣be used to doi ng sth 習(xí)慣做某事 My father is used to getti ng up early 我爸爸習(xí)慣早 be worth doi ng值得做什么be（feel） afraid to do sth害怕做某事 be afraid of sth害怕某物

9、 be afraid that 叢句because+ 句子 because of + 短語eg : He was late because he had a headacheHe was late because of his headache77 begin to do = start to do開始做某事startwith=beginwith 以什么開始什么78 betweenand兩者之間79 borrow sth from sb向借lend sth to sb （ lend sb sth借給什么東西表相同80 both = the same（as） = not differe nt（f

10、rom）81 bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth eg : rm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the stati on我十分道歉打擾你，但是你能告訴我怎么去車站82 by the end of 到為止83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang85 catch up with sb趕上某人86 chat with sb和某人閑談take sb to + 地點(diǎn)帶某人去某地87 come in 進(jìn)88 come over to過來個(gè)好辦89 come up with

11、 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea你能想出法嗎？90 com mun icate with sb禾口某人交流91 con sider + doing考慮做什么eg : Why not con sider going to lu zhou為什么不考慮去瀘州？92 dance to 隨著跳舞93 decide to do sth決定做某事94 do a survey of做某方面的調(diào)查95 do better in 在方面做得更好96 do wrong 做錯(cuò)97 Don't forget to do sth不要忘了做某事98 Don't

12、 mind +doing / 從句/名詞不要介意 99 each +名（單）每一個(gè) eg : Each stude nt has many books每一個(gè)學(xué)生都有一些書100 end up +do ing101 enjoy +doi ng喜歡102 escape from從逃跑103 expect to do sth期待做某事104 fall down 摔下來fall off從哪摔下來105 fall in love with sb /sth 愛上什么106 far from離某地遠(yuǎn)107 find +it +adj +to do發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣108 find sb/sth +adj發(fā)現(xiàn)什

13、么怎么樣eg : I find the book in terest ing109 finish 完成 +doing （名詞）110 fit to sb = be fit for sb適合某人111 forget to do沒有做而忘了forget doi ng做了而又忘了112 fromto從某某到某某eg: From me for her113 get /have sth down做完，被（別人）做 eg: I have my hair cut我理了發(fā)（頭發(fā)被剪了）Tom got his bad tooth pulled out114 get a part-time job= find a

14、 part-time job湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了（被牙醫(yī)拔掉了）115 get alo ng well with sb = get on well with sb與某人相處得好116 get alo ng with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處117 get ready for = be ready for為什么而準(zhǔn)備118 get sb in to trouble給某人帶來麻煩120 getfrom 從某處得到某物121 give a talk 做報(bào)告122 give sth to sb give sb sth123 go fish 釣魚go swim ming124

15、go on to do 去做下一件事125 go out away from 遠(yuǎn)離給某人某物游泳go on doi ng繼續(xù)做這件事go out of 從.離開126 go to school 上學(xué)（用于專業(yè)的）go to the school127 good way to 好方法128 hate to do討厭沒做過的事hate doi ng129 have a party for sb舉辦誰的晚會(huì)去學(xué)校（不一定是上學(xué)）討厭做過的事130 have a talk聽報(bào)告 談一談131 have bee n doi ng現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)132 have been to ( 地方)沒回來去過某過地方

16、have gone to（地方）去了某地還133 have fun +do ing134 have sth to do135 have to do sth玩得高興有什么事要做必須做某事136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth137 have time +doing138 have(時(shí)間)off 放假做什么事情有麻煩139 hear sb +do/d oing聽見某人做某事/正在做某事140 help a lot很大用處141 help sb with sth on e's sth幫助某人某事(某方面)help sb (to) do sth 幫助

17、某人做某事142 hope to do sth希望做某事143 How about(+do ing) = What about(+doi ng)144 how do you like = what do you thi nk of你對什么的看法145 if :是否=wethereg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party我不知道我是否應(yīng)該去參加晚會(huì)He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on timetomorrow morni ng他不知道我們明天早上是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)146

18、if :如果，假如(全部接一般時(shí)態(tài))+條件語態(tài)從句eg:I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain假如明天不下雨，我就去瀘州If they cha nge the plan they will let me kn ow假如他們要改變計(jì)劃，他們會(huì)讓我知道的I'll go to En gla nd ,if I have en ough mo ney n ext year如果我明年由足夠的錢，我就要去英國147 in on e's opinion = sb think某人認(rèn)為148 in some ways在某些方面149 in the e

19、nd = fin ally（adv）最后150 in the north of 什么在什么的北方（north 北sowth 南 west西east 東）151 in the sun在太陽下152 in crease 增加eg : They've in creased the prece of petrol by 3%他們把石油價(jià)增加了3%153 in stead of + （名） 代替eg:I'd like an apple in stead of a pear我想要蘋果，而不要梨子154 in troduce sb to sb介紹某人給某人in troduce on esel

20、f 自我介紹155 in vite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事156 It takes sb sometime to do sth做某人花掉某人多少時(shí)間eg : It took me 5 minu tes to do my homeworkIt takes me half an hour to cook157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth對某人來說做某事怎么樣158 It's +adj +to do做某事怎么樣159 It's +adj for sb對于某人來說怎么樣It's +adj of sb 對某人來說太怎么樣160

21、 It's +adj（for sb） to do（對某人來說）做某事怎么樣It's +adj of sb to do sth對某人來說做某事太怎么樣eg : It's nice of you to help me with my En glish161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth對 來說是個(gè)好主意162 It's importa nt to sb對某人來說很重要eg: It's importa nt to me163 It's time to do sthIt's time for sth到

22、了該去做某事的時(shí)間eg : It's time to have classIt's time for class該去上課了參加164 joi n = take part in165 just now 剛才讓什么保持什么樣？keep healthy保持健康166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介詞短語167 keep out不讓 進(jìn)入168 keep sb adj 讓保持169 key to + 名詞170 key to 表示：某物的鑰匙或某題的答案an sertokey可以是答題或鑰匙179 look after = take care of照顧照看147 in on

23、 e's opinion = sb think某人認(rèn)為179 look after = take care of照顧照看147 in on e's opinion = sb think某人認(rèn)為171 laugh at 取笑172 learn by on eslfe自學(xué)173 lear n from sb174 learn to do sth175 let sb do sth176 Let sb down讓我們的父母失望向某人學(xué)習(xí) 學(xué)做某事 讓某人做某事 讓某人失望eg : We should n't let our farents down我們不應(yīng)該179 look a

24、fter = take care of照顧照看147 in on e's opinion = sb think某人認(rèn)為179 look after = take care of照顧照看147 in on e's opinion = sb think某人認(rèn)為177 live from :離某地遠(yuǎn)居住在某地live in + 大地方/at +小地方179 look after = take care of照顧照看185 make sb /n +n made you my wife186 make sb /sth +adj187 make sb /sth adj188 make sb

25、 do sth189 make up190 make differe nee191 mind sb to do192 most + 名193 much too + 形容詞194 must be 一定195 need + 名詞196 n eed sb do sthtomind on e's doingmost of + 代需要某人做某事介意做什么180 lose on e's way誰迷路181 make a decisio n to do sth決定做某事182 make friends with sb禾口誰成為朋友eg :I want to make friends with

26、 you183 make it early把時(shí)間定的早一點(diǎn)184 make on exhibiti on of on eself讓某人出洋相使什么成為什么eg : I made her my step mollerI使某人（某物）怎么樣 eg :You must made your bed clean使某人/某物怎么樣讓某人做某事be made up of （被動(dòng)語態(tài)）由 組成197 n eed to do （ 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）198 no /n eithr of hate to do199 no +名詞200 not anymore = no more201 not （形、副）at all202

27、notat all 一點(diǎn)都不need do （情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）no /n eithr of hate doing再也不 eg: He did n't cry any mor eeg: He's not tall at allshe does n't junp far at all203 not either表否定，也不eg : I don't japanse eitherI don't have sister,either 我也沒有姐姐204 not until直到才205 offer / provide sb with sth給某人提供206 offer s

28、b sth （ offer sth to sb提供什么東西給某人eg : I offer you water （I offerwater to you我給你提供水207 on on e's way to 在誰去那的路上208 on the one hand方面on the other hand另一方面209 on the phone = over the phone用電話交談210 on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí) in time 及時(shí)211 one day = some day = someday 一天，有一天212 one of +可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式213 one to an other一個(gè)到

29、另一個(gè)214 over and over agi n遍又一遍的eg : He clea ned the floor over and overagin215 part-time job兼職工作fall-time job全職工作216 pay for 付錢pay the bill 開錢 ，付錢217 please +do218 please help yourself219 pleased with sb220 pool into = pore into221 practice +doi ng練習(xí)做某事222 prefer sth to sth 相對更喜歡eg : I prefer physic

30、s to chemisty 在物理和化學(xué)中，我更喜歡物理prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意 eg: I prefer her not to come我不喜歡她不來223 prete nd to do sth裝著去做什么prete nd that 從句eg : The two cheats prete nded to be work ing very hard這兩個(gè)騙子裝著努力工作224 rather tha n寧可也不eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher我愿肯當(dāng)醫(yī)生，也不當(dāng)老師225 regardas 把當(dāng)作 I re

31、gard you as my friend我把你當(dāng)作我的朋友226 remid sb about sth提醒某人什么事remid sb to do sth提醒某人做某事eg : he remids me about cook ing (he remids me to cook他提醒我做飯227 remid sb of sth使某人想起什么the words that (which) the teacher talke to remi nd me of my mother228 return sth to sb還什么東西給某人229 say to on eself 對自己說230 say to

32、sb 對某人說231 sb spe nd somemo ney on sth花了多少錢在某事上232 sb spe nd sometime with sb花了多少時(shí)間陪誰233 sb spe nd sometime( in) doi ng sth花了多少時(shí)間做某事234 sb with sb +issb and sb +are235 see sb do看見某人做過某事see sb doing看見某人正在做某事236 seem to do/be +adj顯得怎么樣eg : You seem to be tiredYouseem to be happy237 send +sb sth 送給某人某物

33、238 sendto把什么寄到哪里去？239 shock 使震驚 eg : Oh , It's only you ! You give me a shock啊，是你呀！嚇我一跳240 show sb sth向某人展示某物241 show sb sth = show sth to sb拿什么東西給某人看242 show sth to sb向某人展示某物243 some - - others 一些另一些244 start with 從開始beginwith 從開始245 stay away from 遠(yuǎn)離eg : We're told to stay away from the a

34、nimals whe visiting the zoo當(dāng)我們參觀 zoo時(shí)，我們要遠(yuǎn)離動(dòng)物246 stop doi ng停下正在做的事247 stop sb from doi ng sth阻止某人做某事248 stop sb(from) doi ng阻止某人做某事stop to do停下正在做的事去做下一件事249 such +名這樣 ，這種250 suit sb適合某人252 surprise sb 使某人驚奇to on e's surprise令某人驚奇253 take classes 上課254 take sb to把某人帶去eg : I take you to the hosp

35、ital255 take walks = take a walk256talk to對誰說 talk of 談到= go for a walktalk with 和誰說 talk about散步談?wù)撽P(guān)于257 talk with sb258 teach sb sth和某人說話教某人做某事259 tell sb do sth告訴某人做某事tell sb not to do sth261 tell sb sth告訴某人某事tell sb that 叢句告訴某人做什么262 tell sb n ot to do sth263 tell from區(qū)別264 tha nk you for +do ing

36、265 the same + 名詞(doing)+as 266 the same (名)as as(adj adv) as 相同267 the way to do sth = the way of doi ng st 做某方面 的方法the way to +地方去哪的路e g :Do you know the way to lear n En glishDo you know the way of lear ning En glish268 the way to(地點(diǎn))到哪的270 transalteinto 把什么翻譯成什么eg : Trasalte English into chinese

37、271 travel with sb和某人去旅游272 try on e's best to do sth盡某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to lear nEn glish well273 try to do sth想干什么，但沒成功try doi ng sth想干什么，已經(jīng)做過了274 try 試衣服 have a try 試一下275 turn down 開小 <-> turn up 開大276 turn off 關(guān)上 <->turn on 打開 open 拆開277 upside dow n倒著278 visit to

38、,參觀某個(gè)地方279 wait for sb等某人【比較since和for】Since用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長度。例如：I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我住在這兒二十多年了。I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這丿兒了。注意：并非有for作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。I worked here for more tha n twenty years.（我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。）I have worked here for many years.（現(xiàn)在我仍在

39、這里工作。）注意：用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法，很容易排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時(shí)中的誤用。1（ 對 ） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, a nd is still studying it now.2） （錯(cuò)） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.顯然，第二

40、句不對，它應(yīng)改 為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.【 since 的四種用法】1) since +過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six )。例如：I have been here since 1989. 1989 起，我一直在這兒。2) since + 一段時(shí)間+ ago。例如：I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒，已經(jīng)有五個(gè)月了。3) since + 從句。例

41、如：Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，變化可大了。4) It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since 從句。例如：It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。【 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞】1) 用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果)I've known him since then. 我從那時(shí)起就

42、認(rèn)識他了。 (表經(jīng)歷)2) 用于 till / until 從句的差異延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示"做直到"瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示"到，才"。例如：He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到 10 點(diǎn)才回來。He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到 10 點(diǎn)。典型例題2. -I'm sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had

43、 been C. was D. will be答案 A. 等待的動(dòng)作由過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?！局攸c(diǎn)部分提要】一 詞匯單詞1. 介詞：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of1) . in表示"在中”，"在內(nèi)”。in my bag 在我的書包里in our class 在我們班上2) . on 表示”在上”。例如：on the wall在墻上3) . under表示"在下"。例如:under the tree 在樹下4) . behind 表示"在后面"。例如：behind the door

44、 在門后5) . near表示"在附近"。例如 near the teacher's desk在講桌附近6) . at表示"在處"。例如：at school在學(xué)校7) . of表示”的”。例如：a map of China 張中國地圖2. 冠詞 a / an / the:冠詞一般位于所限定的名詞前，用來署名名詞所指的人或事物。冠詞有不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞有兩個(gè)形式，即a和an。a用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前，如 a book; an用在以元音音素開頭的字母前，如an apple.a或an與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，泛指某類人或某物中的一個(gè)。the既可

45、以用在可數(shù)名詞前，也可以用在不可數(shù)名詞前，表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或事物， 也可以指上文提到過的人或事物。3. some 禾口 any 在肯定句中用 some. 在疑問句和否定句中用any記住它們的特殊用法。 some亦可用于表示盼望得到對方肯定的答復(fù)或表示建議、委婉請求的疑問句中，這一點(diǎn) 我們不久就會(huì)學(xué)到。例如：Would you like to have some apples? 你想吃蘋果嗎？ any也可用于肯定句中，表示”任何的”。例如：Any one of us can do this.我們當(dāng)中任何一個(gè)都能做這個(gè)。4. family family看作為一個(gè)整體時(shí)，意思是"家庭

46、"，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞 be用單數(shù)形式is ;如把family看作為家庭成員時(shí)，應(yīng)理解為復(fù)數(shù)，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞be應(yīng)用are。 Family強(qiáng)調(diào)由家人組成的一個(gè)集體或強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的成員。home指個(gè)人出生、被撫養(yǎng)長大的環(huán)境和居住地點(diǎn)。house指"家"、”房屋”，側(cè)重居住的建筑本身。5. little的用法little常用來修飾有生命的名詞。*但little還可表示否定意義，意為 "少的"，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。There is little time.幾乎沒時(shí)間了。三.語法1. 名詞所有格名詞如要表示與后面名詞的所有關(guān)系，通常用名詞所有格的形式，意為”

47、的"。一般有以下幾種形式：I 一般情況下在詞尾加's。n .如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾，只加。.Teachers' Day 教師節(jié)川如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞不以 s結(jié)尾，仍加'sChildre n's Day 兒童節(jié)"表示兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)共有時(shí)，所有格應(yīng)加在后一個(gè)名詞上。W Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和 Lily 的房間.動(dòng)物和無生命事物的名詞的所有格一般不在詞尾加"'s"，而常常用介詞 of的短語來表示。2. 祈使句祈使句主要用來表示說話人的請求、命令、建議、叮囑等意圖。祈使句一般不用主語，讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。

48、為使語氣委婉、禮貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾時(shí)，please前多用逗號。（1）.祈使句肯定形式的謂語動(dòng)詞一律用動(dòng)詞原形。（2） .祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。.說話對象是第一人稱和第三人稱時(shí)，表示建議做某事。祈使句+ and +簡單句 表示“如果，就,”祈使句 + or +簡單句 表示“,否則,”2.so,neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝句，為了避免和前一句話的內(nèi)容重復(fù)，英語中習(xí)慣用so,neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝句。a. So+be（助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+主語。表示某人也是如此。b. Neither+be（助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+主語，表示某人也不。c. So +主語+ be

49、（助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）。表示果真如此（贊同）,【課題專練】1.英語構(gòu)詞法匯2.英語語法匯總及練習(xí)3. 復(fù)合句見語法書?！镜?講：名詞】名詞復(fù)數(shù)的特殊變化。普通名詞的復(fù)數(shù)我們知道是直接加-s或-es,a. class, box, watch, brusl等詞以 s, x, ch, sh,結(jié)尾，復(fù)數(shù)要力卩-es；b. story factory等以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的詞復(fù)數(shù)要先將-y變成-i再加-es；c. knife, wife, life等以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞一般先將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v,再加-es；d. 以-o結(jié)尾的名詞，一般來說，末尾是"元音字母+o&quo

50、t;的詞加-s,我們學(xué)過 的有radio,zoo。末尾是"輔音字母+o"的詞，變復(fù)數(shù)加-eso女口： tomato, hero, potato 當(dāng)然其中的piano和photo，又是一個(gè)例外，他們的結(jié)尾只能加-s。e. child（children）, foot（feet）, tooth（teeth）, mouse（ mice）, man（men ）, woman（women ）等詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化全不遵循規(guī)則。注意：與 man和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men和-women。女口： an En glishman,two En glishme n.但 Germa

51、 n 不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Germa ns；f. deer，sheep等詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形。people, police，cattle等詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)， 所以它們的謂語當(dāng)然也是復(fù)數(shù)形式， 這就是集體名詞。 the English， the French, the Chinese等名詞表示國民總稱時(shí)，也作復(fù)數(shù)用。注意：maths politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，雖然以-s結(jié)尾，仍為不可數(shù)名詞。 還有 theU ni ted States美 國），the Uni ted Natio ns （聯(lián)合國）等應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。別奇怪， 名詞有時(shí)也可以作定語的。 它作定語時(shí)一般用單數(shù)，

52、 但也有以下例 外。a. man, woman 等作定語時(shí)，它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如： men workers， women teachers。b. 數(shù)詞 +名詞作定語時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式,中間加連字符。如： aten-mile walk 十里路， two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹。名詞所有格： 上面內(nèi)容提到過【第 2 講：代詞】代詞中第一個(gè)“小個(gè)性”就是物主代詞。像 my和mine這兩個(gè)小冤家總是讓人 分不清誰是誰。但你只要記住它們最重要的區(qū)別一 my的后面一定要接名詞，不 可以單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)，只能做定語，如： my father；而mine則是名詞性，只能單

53、獨(dú)出 現(xiàn)，在句中做主語和表語。如： Mine is green. It's mine. 記住這兩個(gè)句子，凡是 名詞性物主代詞（yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs就都可以放在 mine的位置上了。代詞的第二個(gè)“羅嗦”就是它有一個(gè)小跟班self（selves反身代詞，也就是表示“自己、親自”的意思。關(guān)于反身代詞，需要注意的是她不能單獨(dú)做主語，但 可以放在人稱代詞后面，做同位語。如： Marry herself said so. 瑪麗她自己這么說的。0f+名詞性物主代詞：of +物主代詞構(gòu)成雙重所有格。公式為：a （an, this, that ）+名詞+

54、of +名詞性物主代詞。因?yàn)槲镏鞔~不可與a, an, this, that, these, those,some, any no, each,every such, ano ther等詞一起前置，修飾一個(gè)名詞，而必須用 雙重所有格。如：a friend of mine （我的一個(gè)朋友）some, any的用法：上面的內(nèi)容以提到過every和each的用法：every強(qiáng)調(diào)全體的概念，指三個(gè)以上的人或物 （含三個(gè)）， 不可單獨(dú)使用； each 強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念。指兩個(gè)以上的人或物 （含兩個(gè)），可單獨(dú)使 用.o Every student in our school works hard.（我們學(xué)校的

55、學(xué)生都很用功。）Each student may have one book.（每個(gè)學(xué)生都可有一本書。 ）both, either, n either 的用法：both意為“兩者全都”,與復(fù)數(shù)連用。either意為“兩者中間的任何一個(gè)” ,neither 表示“兩者之間一個(gè)也不是” ，與單數(shù)連用。如： Both of the them come from Lon do n。他們兩人都是倫敦人。You may take either with you。兩個(gè)中間你隨便帶哪個(gè)都行。Neither is correct。 兩個(gè)都不對。Few， a few 和 little， a little 的用法：

56、Few, a few用來代替和修飾可數(shù)名詞，little，a little用來代替和修飾不可數(shù)名詞;a few和a little著重肯定意思，相當(dāng)于漢語“有幾個(gè)”，“有一點(diǎn)兒” ；few和little著 重否定意思，相當(dāng)于漢語 “沒有幾個(gè)”，“沒有多少”【第 3 講：形容詞】 定語時(shí)排列有一定的先后順序。它們往往遵循以下規(guī)律：冠詞或人稱代詞所有格+數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)+大小 +形狀+表示老少、新舊 +顏色+事物質(zhì)地、人的國籍、用途。There is something wrong with my bike 。這句話可能讓你撓撓頭皮。 大部分形容詞做定語時(shí)的 位置是放在名詞之前的， 但當(dāng)形容詞所修飾的詞為 something，anything，nothing ，everything 等以 -thing 為字尾的詞語時(shí)，形容詞要后置。形容詞級別問題：a. Our classroom is twice larger than theirs 。（我們的教室是他們的兩倍。 ）這種表示倍數(shù)的句 子用 , times + 形容詞比較級 +than ,b