英語語法(主謂一致)

1、(主謂一致)語法(主謂一致)語法在英語中，句子的主語和謂語動詞要保持數上的一致關系，叫主謂一致主謂一致(Subject-verb Concord/Agreement)。這種關系通常要遵循三條原則：1.語法形式一致語法形式一致（grammatical concord）2.意義一致意義一致(notional concord）3.鄰近一致鄰近一致(principle of proximity)(主謂一致)語法語法形式一致語法形式一致 句子的主語是單數形式，謂語動詞要用單數形式；主語是復數形式，謂語動詞用復數形式。 例：Australia is an extremely rich country 澳大

2、利亞是個非常富裕的國家。 What are advertisements made？ 廣告是怎樣制作的？ 注意：anything，everyone，everybody，nobody，anyone，anybody， someone，somebody等復合不定代詞作語時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式。(主謂一致)語法意義一致意義一致 即謂語動詞該用單數還是復數取決于主語所表達的內容在含義是單數意義還是復數意義 例：the Chinese are industrious中國人是勤勞的。 the USA is a developed country美國是個發(fā)達國家。 另外，像works（工廠），politi

3、cs（政治），physics（物理）等詞，雖然形式上是以s結尾，但表示的意義是單數，故謂語動詞要用單數形式。相反，people，police等詞形式上是單數形式，但表示復數意義，謂語動詞要用復數形式 (主謂一致)語法鄰近一致鄰近一致 謂語動詞該用單數還是復數形式，取決于最鄰近它的名詞、代詞或其它詞的數。 另外，neithernor，eitheror，not onlybut also連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，或由there，here引導的句子，并且主語不止一個時，謂語動詞通常與鄰近它的那個主語保持數上一致。 (主謂一致)語法除了上述三個原則外，還有一些特殊的情況需要注意： 1表示時間、重量、數

4、目、價格、長度、數學運算等的詞或詞組作主語時，盡管它們是復數形式，但如果把這些復數形式的詞或詞組看作是一個整體，謂語動詞就用單數形式。 例：Three weeks is a short time三個星期是很短的時間。 (主謂一致)語法2動詞不定式、動名詞、從句或不可數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。 It is not easy to master a foreign language要掌握一門外語是不容易的 It is not easy to master a foreign language要掌握一門外語是不容易的。 (主謂一致)語法3由and連接兩個單詞作主語時，要看其表示的意意義義來

5、決定謂語動詞用單數還是用復數形式。如果表示的是一個整體的概念或指的是同一事物，謂語動詞用單數形式；如果表示的是兩個不同的對象時，謂語動詞用復數形式。 The writer and the teacher are coming作家和老師走來了 The poet and teacher is one of my friends那位詩人兼教師是我的一位朋友。 (主謂一致)語法4集合名詞people（人、人民），police一般看作復數意義，謂語動詞要用復數形式。另外一些集合名詞，如family，enemy，class， population，army等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式還是復數形式，要根據

6、這些詞在句中的實際含義而定。當它們表示的是整體意義時，謂語動詞用單數形式；當它們強調或著重指個體成員時，謂語動詞用復數形式。 Are there any police around？附近有警察嗎？ is family isnt large他家的人不多。 (主謂一致)語法5名詞性物主代詞mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等作主語時，謂語動詞的數取決于該動詞后面名詞的數，動詞后面的名詞是單數形式，謂語動詞用單數形式；動詞后面名詞為復數形式，謂語動詞用復數形式。 His is a new bike他的是一輛新自行車。 Ours are old bikes我們的是些

7、舊自行車。 (主謂一致)語法6many a意為“許多”，但因后面跟的是單數名詞，謂語動詞應用單數形式. 許多人都有過這種經歷。 Many a person has had that kind of experience(主謂一致)語法一、并列結構做主語時的主謂一致A young man and a girl want to go there. The singer and the writer are famous to many young people. 由由and連接的兩個單數名詞做主語時，謂動連接的兩個單數名詞做主語時，謂動一般用復數。一般用復數。(主謂一致)語法但如果意義上指同一個人

8、、同一件事或但如果意義上指同一個人、同一件事或同一概念時，謂動要用單數。同一概念時，謂動要用單數。The singer and writer famous to everyone.A pen and book is what I need.A needle(針）and thread(線）was found on the floor.(主謂一致)語法2.當eachand each,everyand every,noand no,many aand many a.等結構做，謂語動詞用單數形式。 No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.在月球上

9、沒有發(fā)現人和動物。 Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work. 許多醫(yī)生和護士都在忙于他們的工作。(主謂一致)語法3. 一個單數名詞同時被兩個不同的形容一個單數名詞同時被兩個不同的形容詞修飾，表示兩個不同的概念時，謂動詞修飾，表示兩個不同的概念時，謂動應用復數。應用復數。Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.但表示同一概念時，謂動應用單數。表示同一概念時，謂動應用單數。The last and most difficult lesson is l

10、esson14.(主謂一致)語法4. 由由not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor,or等連接的等連接的并列主語，謂動通常依據就近原則。并列主語，謂動通常依據就近原則。Either you or I am mad.Neither I or you have passed the exam.(主謂一致)語法5.當主語由 as well as, along with, 時，其謂動的單復數形式通常由這些together with, rather than, no less than, but, except, in addition to, like, inclu

11、ding 等詞連接詞語前的名詞來決定。 An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, is to be built here. The professor, together with many of his students, is entering the meeting hall.(主謂一致)語法二、百分數、分數做主語時的主謂一致當百分數、分數后加名詞或代詞時，當百分數、分數后加名詞或代詞時，要根據這個名詞或代詞來確定其謂動要根據這個名詞或代詞來確定其謂動的單復數形式。的單復數形式。(主謂一致)語法三、不定代詞做主語時的主

12、謂一致1.不定代詞不定代詞 each, another, the other, either, neither 和由和由some, any, no, every + one/thing/body 所構成的復合代詞做主語時，謂所構成的復合代詞做主語時，謂動用單數形式。動用單數形式。 Neither of us has gone through regular training. Nobody wants to go there. Something has been done to end the strike.(主謂一致)語法2. None 做主語時，謂動可用單數，也可用做主語時，謂動可用單數

13、，也可用復數。但在表不可數的東西時?？醋鲉螖担瑥蛿?。但在表不可數的東西時常看作單數，因而謂動須用單數。因而謂動須用單數。(主謂一致)語法3. both, (a) few, many. several 等做主語時，等做主語時，謂動常用復數。謂動常用復數。Both (of) the instruments are not precise ones.4. all 做主語表示人時，謂動用復數；若表物，做主語表示人時，謂動用復數；若表物，謂動則用單數。謂動則用單數。 All is well that ends well. All are eager to reach an agreement.(主謂一致

14、)語法四、表示“全體”、“部分”等意義的詞做主語時的主謂一致1. 當主語是當主語是 most, the rest, the last, the remainder 等時，謂動應依據等時，謂動應依據of后賓語的單復數后賓語的單復數而定。而定。Three of us will go, the rest are to stay here. After the big fire, the remainder is nothing.(主謂一致)語法2.當town, school, village等分別表示總稱的“鎮(zhèn)民”、“全體師生”、“村民”時，謂動用單復數均可。有時其前可用the或the whole修

15、飾。The whole school were/was sorry when she left.The whole town is/are in agreement about the plan.(主謂一致)語法五、“the+形容詞/過去分詞做主語的主謂一致“the+形容詞/過去分詞”表示一類人或事物時，謂動用復數；若指某一抽象概念，則用單數。The sick here are very well cared for. The true is to be told from the false.(主謂一致)語法六、形式為復數、意義為單數的名詞做主語時的主謂一致1.表示時間、距離、金額、重量、計

16、量、空間、體積等意義的名詞做主語，謂動常用單數。(主謂一致)語法2.兩數相加、相乘，謂動單復數均可；兩數相減、相除，謂動只用單數。Thirty-six from forty leaves six.Six times seven are/is forty-two.(主謂一致)語法3.主語是以-ics結尾的學科時，謂動一般用單數；以-s結尾的專有名詞做主語，如：the United States, the New Times, Arabian Nights等，謂動要用單數。(主謂一致)語法4.群島、山脈、瀑布等專有名詞如: the Alps, the Philippines, Niagara Fa

17、lls等做主語時，謂動用復數。Niagara Falls are a splendid scene.(主謂一致)語法5.名詞如trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, scissors以及clothes, goods等做主語，謂動要用單數；但當這類詞前有a/the pair of修飾時，謂動用單數。(主謂一致)語法七、number, many a.等做主語時的主謂一致1. the number of做主語時，謂動用單數；a number of做主語時，謂動用復數。The number of mistakes is surprising.A number of book

18、s are missing from the library.(主謂一致)語法2. Many a, more than one+單數名詞構成的短語做主語，盡管意義上是復數，但謂動仍用單數。 Many a comrade has that of opportunity. more than one person is ready to try his luck this time.(主謂一致)語法八、集體名詞做主語時的主謂一致1.有生命的詞，如cattle, police等做主語時，謂動常用復數。The police are investigating the crime.(主謂一致)語法2.無

19、生命的詞，如foliage(葉子），machinery(機械），merchandise(商品、貨物）等做主語時，謂動用單數。All the machinery in this factory is made in China.(主謂一致)語法3. audience, class, crew, committee, family, team, group, army, police等做主語時，如指一整體，謂動用單數；如指全體中的每一個成員，謂動則用復數。 The football team is being recognized. The football team are having bat

20、hs and are coming back here for tea.(主謂一致)語法九、“ one of+復數名詞+定語從句“結構中的主謂一致1. 在”one of +復數名詞+定語從句“結構中，定語從句中的謂動的單復數形式由它所修飾的先行詞來決定。This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire.(主謂一致)語法2. 在”the only one of+復數名詞+定語從句“結構中，定語從句的謂動仍用單數。Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who is studying the

21、major of International Law in this university.(主謂一致)語法十、從句、不定式、-ing形式做主語時的主謂一致1.在以what從句作主語的”主系表“結構中，主句的謂動要以表語名詞的單復數而定。 What caused the accident is a complete mystery. What his father left him are a few English books.(主謂一致)語法2.動詞不定式、-ing形式做主語，謂動用單數。To learn English well is difficult.(主謂一致)語法3.在what從

22、句所引導的”主系表“結構中，若從句中具有兩個以上的動詞，主句中謂動應用復數。What I say and think are none of your business.(主謂一致)語法4.以who, why, how, whether或that引導的從句做主語時，謂動用單數。Why she did this is not known.由how and why, when and where引導的從句做主語時，謂動仍用單數。When and where we will have the meeting has not been decided.(主謂一致)語法5. and連接的兩個名詞性從句做

23、主語，如表示兩件事情，則謂動用復數。What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.(主謂一致)語法幾個容易弄錯的主謂一致問題1.“many a +名詞名詞”和和“more than one +名詞名詞”作主語作主語此時謂語動詞的數通常用單數(即遵循語法一致的原則)：Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那兒玩。More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一個學生考試未及格。(主謂一致)語法2. each

24、 用于復數名詞后作同位語用于復數名詞后作同位語此時謂語動詞用復數：They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英漢詞典。The young people each carry a big bag. 這些年輕人個個背著一個大袋子。(主謂一致)語法3. 主語后接主語后接in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but等介詞等介詞此時其后的動詞形式取決介詞前主語：Nothing but trees was to be seen. 除了樹木之外什么也看不見。No on

25、e except my parents knows anything about this. 除我父母外沒人知道此事。Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同學都看過這部電影。(主謂一致)語法4. means作主語作主語名詞means(方法)單數與復數同形，用作主語時，其謂語的單復數要視具體含義而定(尤其注意其前的修飾語)：These means are very good. 這些方法很好。Such a means is really unpleasant. 這樣的方法確實是令人不愉快。若沒有特定的修飾語或語境，則

26、用單數或復數謂語均可：There is are no good means. 沒有好的方法。Are Is there any other means of doing it? 做這事還有其他的什么辦法嗎?(主謂一致)語法主謂一致精練與解析1.More than one person here _ with the disease. A. has been infected B. have been infected C. has been infecting D. have been infecting由more than one 修飾單數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數又如：More than

27、 one man was injured in the accident. More than one house has been repaired.2. One or perhaps more pages _ missing. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been由or連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應與靠近它的主語一致。又如：Are you or he to drive ? Was she or you there ?(主謂一致)語法3.An expert, together with some assistants, _ to help in

28、this work. A. was sent B. were sent C. is sending D. are sending由 with，together with，along with，rather than，no less than ， but， besides，except等連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應與前一個相一致。又如：Nobody but John and Helen was absent. I, rather than you, am responsible for the accident.4.The police _ the black in winter. A

29、. wears B. wear C. put on D. puts on英語中，一些表示總稱意義的名詞，如：police，people，cattle等作主語時，謂語動詞要用復數形式。又如：Some people spend a lot of money on clothes. Cattle are raised everywhere by the farmers.(主謂一致)語法5.The number of students that you have met _ the life of the team. A. are B. is C. were D. bethe number of復數名

30、詞作主語時，謂語用單數。a number of復數名詞作主語時，謂語用復數。又如：The number of cars is increasing in Beijing. A number of books have been published on this subject.6. To get up early and to go to sleep early _ good for your health. A. is B. are C. was D. were由and連接兩個名詞，包括兩個不定式、兩個動名詞作主語，若指同一件事或一個概念事，謂語動詞用單數形式。又如：Whether to

31、go on or return is not known. Time and tide waits for no man.(主謂一致)語法7. More students than one _. A. were punished B. is punished C. was punished D. will punishMore 復數名詞 than one 和 more than one 單數名詞的意義相同，均表示“不只一個”，但前者用作復數，后者用作單數。又如：More students than one were punished. More than one student was punished.8. What they need _ more people. A. is B. are C. has D. have 名詞從句作主語時，通常表示單數概念，謂語動詞常用單數， 但所指內容是復數意義時，謂語動詞用復數。本句從表語more people 可以得知主語what we need指復數內容。 又如：What we need is more time. What he needs are books. What he says and what he does do not agree. (主謂一致)語法 練 習1. On th