高考冠詞用法及練習(xí)題和答案

1、冠詞用法一. 冠詞的基本用法不定冠詞（a/an）的基本用法1.與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用, 表示類別。 - I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.- You shouldnt put drinks near a computer. 2.泛指某人或某物, 表示“某一個(gè)”, 相當(dāng)于 a certain。 - Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? - Sorry, wrong number. There isnt a Mr. Smith here.3.用于數(shù)量、時(shí)間等名詞前, 表示“每一（單

2、位）的”。 I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. 4.在抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞前(特別是這兩種名詞有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí))用不定冠詞, 使之意義具體化, 表示“一種”、“一件”、“一份”等。It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀請(qǐng)參加聚會(huì)是一種榮譽(yù)。(honour是抽象名詞,an honour指一件榮譽(yù)的事)定冠詞(the)的基本用法1.用來(lái)特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。所特指的名詞常被短語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句所修飾。 Of all the reasons f

3、or my decision to become a university professor, my fathers advice was the most important one.2.指說(shuō)話的雙方都知道的人或事物。 Dont worry if you cant come to the party. Ill save some cake for you. 3.復(fù)述上文中提到的事物。 There is a shelf in my fathers room. The shelf is new.4.用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前, 表示該類事物, 相當(dāng)于 a。 When you come here fo

4、r your holiday next time, dont go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat. 5.序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前。比較級(jí)前若表示特指時(shí)也要用定冠詞 the。 The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. 6.用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏之前, 表示“夫婦”或“全家”。 the Smiths7.表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二事物的名詞前。 the sun, the moon, the earth, t

5、he world8.用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞、江河、山脈、湖泊、海洋、群島、海峽、海灣運(yùn)河及些建筑物等名稱前。 According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS. 9.在某些形容詞之前, 可表示某一類人。 the rich, the poor, the old, the wounded, the living, the dead零冠詞(無(wú)冠詞)情況：1.人名、地名（街名、廣場(chǎng)名、公園名）、大學(xué)名、國(guó)名

6、、病名前。 Wang Fu Jing Street, Pei Hai Park 北海公園, Beijing University 但也可說(shuō) the University of Beijing。2.抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí), 一般不用冠詞。 When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understanding of life. 3.物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí), 一般不用冠詞。 The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool use

7、d.4.表示職位或頭銜的抽象名詞前, 常不用冠詞。但表示具體的人時(shí), 加 the。 We will elect engineer Liu director of our factory. 類似的名詞還有：president, monitor, headmaster, mayor等。5.表示季節(jié)、月份、星期幾、節(jié)、假日等表示時(shí)間的名稱前, 不用冠詞。但我國(guó)的陰歷節(jié)前要用the。 Childrens Day, Womens Day, May Day the Spring Festival。6.man 作“人類”講時(shí), 同 human, mankind 一樣不用冠詞。 While he was in

8、vestigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery, which completely changed mans understanding of color.7.復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞泛指類別。 It is often said that teachers have a very easy life. 二. 冠詞的語(yǔ)義分析（根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷特指與泛指）泛指和特指是每年高考必考的一組概念, 在英語(yǔ)中廣泛使用?！胺褐浮笔侵钙毡?、不確定的人或事物, 而“特指”則是指具體、特定的人或事物。泛指與特指可以說(shuō)是精與細(xì)的區(qū)別,前者側(cè)

9、重于全面撒網(wǎng), 而后者旨在重點(diǎn)培養(yǎng)。具體來(lái)講, 其兩者區(qū)別如下： 1.泛指是指首次提到的, 不限定的人或事物；特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物, 或是指被限制性修飾語(yǔ)在其后加以限定意義的人或事物，也可以是指說(shuō)話者雙方心目中所默認(rèn)的特指的人或事物。A boy is playing basketball.（泛指）Do you like the boy who are playing basketball?（特指）2.泛指：一般的指, 是和“特指”相對(duì)的；特指：是專門的指, 和“泛指”相對(duì)。I have a car. （泛指） The car is red.（特指）3.泛指：無(wú)特別指定對(duì)象, 是和“特

10、指”相對(duì)的；特指：有特別指定對(duì)象, 和“泛指”相對(duì)。My mother works in a hospital.（泛指）The hospital where my mother works is in the center of the city.（特指）三. 冠詞的固定搭配單一固定詞組中冠詞的使用 1.不定冠詞固定詞組give sb. a ride順便帶某人一程a couple of幾個(gè)have a good time過(guò)得很愉快keep a diary寫(xiě)日記in a hurry急忙地once in a while偶爾地tell a lie說(shuō)謊do sb. a favor幫某人的忙g

11、ive sb. a hand幫忙once upon a time從前all of a sudden突然地as a matter of fact事實(shí)上as a result (of)作為()的結(jié)果in a word總而言之have a word with與說(shuō)句話have/take a look (at)看一看have/take a rest休息一下put an end to結(jié)束2.定冠詞固定詞組play the piano彈鋼琴the whole整個(gè)the same同樣的go to the cinema去看電影3.零冠詞固定詞組on foot步行by train/ boat / plane乘火車

12、/船/飛機(jī)in fact事實(shí)上in class在上課in church在教堂in danger在危險(xiǎn)中in hospital在醫(yī)院in bed在床上at home在家at school在學(xué)校at night在晚上at noon在中午go to bed去睡覺(jué)go to college上大學(xué)play chess下棋have lunch吃午餐go to school去上學(xué)play basketball打籃球用與不用冠詞的對(duì)比差異in hospital生病住院in the hospital在醫(yī)院里go to sea出海go to the sea去海邊on earth究竟on the earth在地球上

13、, 在世上in front of在(外部的)前面in the front of在(內(nèi)部的)前面take place發(fā)生take the place(of)代替at table進(jìn)餐at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船by the sea在海邊in future從今以后in the future未來(lái)out of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)out of the question不可能的, 辦不到的【例題精講】（2011山東卷,21Take your timeits just_short distance from here to_restaurant.A.不填；theB. a; theC.

14、 the; aD.不填；a（2011全國(guó)卷,33It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; 不填（2011全國(guó)卷II,16As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a（2011四川卷,18Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fift

15、h of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”A. 不填；A B.不填；The C.the; The D.a; Apleasure。（2010山東If we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view. A. 不填； the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the（2010遼寧There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down ont

16、o _ earth.A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the（2010北京First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression.A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a（2010浙江Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weake

17、ning of the human body.A. a; / B. /; the C. a; theD. /; /（2009江西Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a （2009海南Lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for whileA. the; the B. the; a C. a; th

18、e D. a ; a（2009陜西What _ pity that you couldnt be there to receive _ prize!A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the2009四川In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the （2008湖南Have you heard _ news？The piece of _ petrol is going up

19、again!A. the, the B. 不填, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填, 不填（2008江蘇We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.A. the; theB.不填；theC. the; 不填D. 不填；不填（2008山東Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource. A. 不填；a B. 不填; theC. the; theD. the; a（2008江西- I am

20、so sorry to have come late for the meeting.- It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a（2008遼寧My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk, but I dont think Ive got _ energy. A. a; 不填B. the; theC. 不填；theD. a; the（2008全國(guó)

21、IIIts not _ good idea to drive for four hours without _ break.A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the（2008浙江_ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填（2008重慶In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation.A. a; the B

22、. /; a C. the; a D. the;the（2007 全國(guó)IICould you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please?Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; theB. the; a C. /; the D. the; /（2007 福建How about Christmas evening party? I should say it was success.A.a; a B.The; aC.a;不填D.the; 不填（2007 四川How about takin

23、g _ short break? I want to make _ call. A. the；a B. a；the C. the；the D. a；a（2007 浙江I like _ color of your skirt. It is _ good match for your blouse. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the（2007 重慶Gorge couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody

24、 was at _ church.A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a（2007 遼寧Chrismas is _ special holiday when _ whole family are supposed to get together.A. the, the B. a, a C. the, a D. a, the（2006 全國(guó)- Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?   - Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 

25、0;  B. a    C. the     D. one1. Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. A. /, the B. the, / C. an, the D. the, a 2. Lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for while.A. the, the B. the, a C.

26、a, the D. a, a3. Its not good idea to drive for four hours without break.A. a, a B. the, a C. the, the D. a, the4. - I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.- It is not your fault. With rush-hour traffic and heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A.a, a B.the, the C./, / D./, a5. In the U

27、nited States, there is always flow of people to areas of country where more jobs can be found.A.a, the B.the, a C.the, the D.a, a6. In many places in China, bicycle is still popular means of transportation.A. a, the B. /, a C. the, a D. the, the7. _apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.A. A

28、n, the B. The, the C. An, / D. The, /8. My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk, but I dont think Ive got _ energy.A. a, / B. the, the C. /, the D. a, the9. There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the10.Fi

29、rst impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression. A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a【課后作業(yè)】A組1. Since tasting the excitement of _ big city life, she never wants to live in _ country again. A. the, the B. /, / C. the, / D. /, the2. The oper

30、ation is _ success and the patient is now out of _ danger. A. a, the B. a, / C. /, the D. /, /3. As _ writer, he was _ complete failure. A. a, a B. a, the C. /, / D. a, /4. I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.A. the; a B. /; theC. the; /D. a; the5. T

31、his is _ best kind of _ pen you can get here. A. the, the B. the, a C. the, / D. a, the6. As is known to us all, _ tiger is in _ danger of becoming extinct. A. the, a B. the, / C. a, / D. /, the7. He spent too much time talking on _ phone while we were all busy at _ work. A. the, / B. a, / C. /, / D

32、. the, the8. As _ unemployment is very high at the moment, its very difficult for people to find _ work. A. the, / B./, / C. the, a D. an, the 9. Apartments in cities can be quite high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per month for _ bedroom apartment. A. one a B. the one C. one D. a one10.The educa

33、tion of _ young is always _ hot and serious topic. A. /, / B. the, a C. /, the D. the, /11.I often have conversations with John over _ telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by _ letter. A. /, the B. /, a C. the, / D. the, a12.- John has put forward _ most challenging question for us to answer. - Y

34、es, it really is. I have never heard _ harder one. A. the, / B. /, the C. the, the D. a, a13.“What about _ school?” “It is as good, as anybody can see, _ school as No 1 Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University.” A. a, the B. the, a C. a, a D. the, the14.The market for _ used computers is ge

35、tting larger and larger as _ years go on. A. /, / B. the, / C. the, the D. /, the15.“Charley Oakley, _ NBA All-star, hasnt missed _ game in the past three years.” “I can hardly believe it.” A. an, the B. a, the C. the, a D. an, a B組1. To tell        truth, his coming is

36、 really        big surprise to most people present at the party.A. /, a              B. the, /               C. the, a    

37、60;           D. /, /2. Jack wanted to be _ university student, but in _ entrance examination he missed by a mile.A. a, an                  B. an, the      

38、60;          C. the, an                  D. a, the3. _ on-going division between Englishspeaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _ major concern of the country. A. The,

39、/ B. The, a C. An, the D. An, /4. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word formation. A. / B. the C. a D. one5. The cakes are delicious. Hed like have _third one because _second one is rather too small. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a 6. In china

40、, pressure to pass exams gives students the impression that learning comes from textbooks. A. /, /B. the, theC. the, /D. /, the7. Recently some studies have found that learning _ second language can lead to _ increase in ones brain power. A. a, theB. /, theC. a, anD. the, an8. - What do you remember

41、 Alexander Graham Bell as? - As _ inventor of _ telephone. A. an, / B. the, a C. the, the D. /, the9. - What in _ world do you like most in _ world?- I hope _world is _ peaceful and fair world. A. the, the, the, the B. , the, the,C., the, the, a D. the, the, the, a10.As we all know, _ life is hard f

42、or any of us. If we live_ happy life, we must all work harder. A. , B. , a C. a, D. a, a11.In the market, vegetables are sold by _ kilogram, I mean, by _ weight. A. the, / B. /, / C. the, the D. /, the12.Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today. A. the,

43、an B. a, / C. the, the D. /, the13.The cakes are delicious. Id like to have _ third one as _ second one I ate was too small. A. the, the B. a, the C. the, a D. a, a14._ England of those years was _ England in peace. A., B. The, an C. The, D., an15.- Did you happen to see _ black and _ white cat? - A

44、re they missing? I told you to take care of them. A. a, / B. the, / C. the, the D. a, theC組1. The chairman will be pleased at _ scene that everything is in _ place.A. a, a B. the, the C. the, / D. /, the2. Play, often seen as activity for kids, is still important in development of teenagers.A. the,

45、the B. an, the C. an, / D. the, /3. Sad to say, nowadays many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places.Athe, / B/, / Cthe, the D. /, the4. It was _ exciting news that more than ten students in a single school were admitted to Tsinghua University in the same year. A. one B. an C. / D. a5. - What have we got for supper?- I got huge fish at market opposite our school for only five pounds. A. the, the B. a, the C. the, a D. a, a6. - My flight was delayed b