新廣州牛津版初一英語上冊知識匯總及練習(xí)(共49頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Unit 1 Making Friends知識目標(biāo)高頻詞German，blog，grammar，sound，complete，hobby，county，age，dream，everyone，Germany，mountain，elder，friendly，engineer，world，Japan，flat，yourself高頻詞組close to ，go to school，（be）good at，make friends with，all over，Id like to=would like to語法1. 知道what，where，who，how old，when，w

2、hy，how，which，how many的含義。2. 能用以上的特殊疑問詞來提問，并能回答問題；3. 知道不定冠詞a，an的含義4. 能在句子中準(zhǔn)確地運用冠詞?！締卧~·要點】1.German 作形容詞時意為“德國的，德國人的，德語的”；作名詞時，表示“德國人”，是可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式在其后加s，表示“德語”是不可數(shù)名詞。2.everyone 每個人。作主語時，be動詞用單數(shù) e.g.Everyone is here. 人都到齊了。辨析everyone與every oneeveryone每個人只指人其后不能接of短語every one每一個既可指人，也可指物其后可與of短語連用3.f

3、avourite 最喜歡的Favourite通常用來作定語，沒有比較級和最高級形式，在含義上相當(dāng)于like best。Whats ones favourite.?=What.does/do sb. like best?4.dream 作可數(shù)名詞時，意為“夢想”。還可意為“夢，睡夢”。 dream還可用作動詞，意為“夢想，做夢”，常用于dream of/about（doing)sth.結(jié)構(gòu)意為“夢見/想（做）某事”。e.g.I never dream of/about happiness like this. 我從來沒想到會這樣幸福。5.elder adj.年長的，與younger相對。辨析el

4、der與olderelder用來表示兄弟姐妹及子女之間的長幼關(guān)系常用作定語都是old的比較級older泛指新舊、老幼或年齡的大小關(guān)系可用作表語或定語 e.g.My elder brother is one year older than me.6.friendly adj.友好的。be friendly to sb. 意為“對某人友好”。friendly 雖然以-ly結(jié)尾，但它的詞性是形容詞，而不是副詞。類似的形容詞還有：lovely可愛的 lonely 孤獨的 lively 生動的Ugly丑的 silly 傻的 daily 每日的7.many adj.許多的；也可作代詞，意為“許多”。e.g

5、.There are many students in the school yard.在校園里有許多學(xué)生。Many of us think so.我們中有很多人這樣認為。辨析：many，much與a lot of/lots ofmany修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)many cars many peoplemuch修飾不可數(shù)名詞much water much time a lot of/lots of修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞a lot of cars/water8.want 及物動詞，意為“想要”，常見句型結(jié)構(gòu)有：want +名詞想要.I want an apple.want +動詞不定式想要做某事I

6、 want to go there.want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事He wants me to go.9.enjoy 及物動詞，意為”喜歡，享受.”，后常接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。10.need作實義動詞時，意為“需要”,有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，其后常接名詞、代詞或不定式作賓語。need to do sth. 需要做某事。e.g.We need some water.作情態(tài)動詞時，意為“需要”，無時態(tài)和人稱的變化，常用于疑問句和否定句中，其后跟動詞原形。need 用于一般疑問句是，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt?；卮鹨詍ust開頭的問句，作否定回答時一般用n

7、eednt。e.g.Need he sweep the floor now?他需要現(xiàn)在掃地嗎？Yes，he must./No,he neednt.11. other 另外的，其他的。后接單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞。e.g.My other hobbies are watching TV and reading books.辨析other，the other，others，the others 與another other泛指“其他的人或物”可作形容詞或代詞e.g.Do you have any other question?the other指兩者中的另一個e.g.He lives on the othe

8、r side of the river.others指（三者以上）其余的人（物）作主語、賓語e.g.Give me some others，please。the others特指某一范圍內(nèi)的“其他的”作主語e.g.Two boys will go to the zoo，and the others will stays at home。Ex.Lily and her sister look the same. I cant tell one from . A.other B.the others C.the other D.others【短語·要點】1. play basketbal

9、l 打籃球。在英語中，表示進行某種球類運動時，直接用“play+表示球類的單數(shù)名詞”即可，在球類運動名詞前不加任何冠詞。Play后接西洋樂器類名詞時，表示“演奏.”，在西洋樂器類名詞前必須加定冠詞the。Ex. Bill likes playing volleyball,but he doesnt like playing piano.A. the;the B./;the C.the;/2. be good at意為“擅長.”，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，同義詞組為do well in。表示“不擅長.”或“在某方面做得不好”，用be bad/poor at./do badly in./be wea

10、k in.。辨析be good at,be good for與be good tobe good at擅長Jenny is good at dancing.be good for對.有好處Vegetables are good for us.be good to對.好Our teachers are very good to us.Ex. 1）English is my favourite subject,and I am good it. A.for B.to C.at D.of2） Amy is good at . A.swim B.swimming C.swiming D.swims 3

11、.look like 表示“看起來像.”look是感官動詞，后面跟形容詞。look也可以和like搭配，表示“看起來像.”，后面跟名詞。e.g.You look so beautiful today. e.g.The hill looks like an elephane.4.by school bus 意為“乘校車”by+表示交通工具的單數(shù)名詞，構(gòu)成表示交通方式的介賓短語，意為“乘坐/騎.”。 by bicycle騎自行車 by taxi坐出租車 by car 乘小汽車 by bus 乘公共汽車 by train坐火車 by plane坐飛機“by+交通工具名詞”在句中作方式狀語，提問時用疑

12、問副詞how。5.take the bus意為“乘公共汽車”辨析take與bytake動詞都有“搭乘”之意take后的交通工具前應(yīng)加限定詞作謂語by介詞by后的交通工具前不加限定詞作狀語e.g.I take the bus to school.= I go to school by bus.6.answer to these questions 意為“這些問題的答案”介詞to在此表示歸屬或附加，意為“歸于，屬于”。the key to the door門的鑰匙 the bridge to the knowledge通往知識的橋the way to school 去學(xué)校的路7.lots of =

13、 a lot of 意為“許多的，大量的”。辨析lots of/a lot of與a lotlots of/a lot of大量的常用在名詞前作定語，表示數(shù)量，a lot大量，非?？勺髦髡Z、表語、賓語或狀語，但不能修飾名詞。e.g.They need lots of milk everyday.Mr Green knows a lot about China.（作賓語）Monkeys like eating bananas a lot.（作狀語）8.hope to do sth.意為“希望做某事”，動詞不定時作賓語。e.g.I hope to be your friend.相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)：hope

14、for盼望，期待。e.g.We hope for the best. hope+(that)從句. 希望.e.g.I hope that they win the match！10.hear from 意為“收到.的來信”，相當(dāng)于get/recrive a letter from.。e.g.Itt great to hear from you.11. a boy called Bruce 一名叫布魯斯的男孩called是call的過去分詞。過去分詞短語called Bruce作后置定語，修飾名詞boy。called在此處相當(dāng)于named?！居梅汀?. listen to 聽 2.close

15、 to接近 3.all over the world 全世界4. far away from遠離 5.pay attention to注意 6.start with以.開始7. on the Internet 8.in English 用英語 9.learn about了解10. tell sb. about sth.告訴某人關(guān)于某事 11.welcome to 歡迎光臨12. be from = come from 來自 13.make friends with sb.與某人交朋友14. like/enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事 15.live in居住在.16. would l

16、ike to do sth.想做某事 17.would like sb. to do sth.想某人做某事Exercises：1）Id like you for a picnic with us. A.go B.to go C.going D.went2）The students in Class Two like sports. A.playing B.paly C.plays D.played3）There a pencil and two rulers in the pencil-box. A.are B.is C.be D.have4）Linda wants basketball wi

17、th us this afternoon. A.play B.to play C.plays D.playing5）Do you know the girl Amy? A.call B.calls C.called D.calling6）Where your Englis teacher come from? A.is B.are C.do D.does7）Its very hard for us to work out the answer the question. A.in B.of C.on D.to8）Do you want tennis with me on Saturday mo

18、rning? A.to play B.play C.playing9）Do you enjoy English in our class,Mr Green? A.teach B.taught C.to teach D.teaching10）Lisa is a little poor at Chinese.I think she needs it every day. A.practise to speak B.to practise speaking C.practise speaking11）What does your new school ? A.like B.look C.look l

19、ike D.looks like12）She looks very in her new dress. A.beauty B.beautiful C.beautifully D.more beautiful13）Her mother goes to work bus every morning. A.by B.at C.on D.in【句子·要點】1. My dream is to be an engineer.我的夢想是成為一名工程師。本句是一個“主語+連系動詞+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，動詞不定式短語在句中作表語。這類句子的主語通常是dream，work，task等名詞。e.g.Our

20、work is to cleam the classroom.Your task is to get all the balls back.2. What does your father/mother do? 你父親/母親是做什么工作的？詢問某人現(xiàn)在從事何種職業(yè)或做什么工作，常用“What do/does+sb.+do?”句型。詢問職業(yè)的其他句型還有：What + be + sb.？/What is sb.s job？/What do/does + sb.+want to be?3. Below are some reference books.下面是一些參考書。本句是一個倒裝句。below

21、作副詞，意為“在下面”，與above相對。e.g.Look at the pictures below.看下面的圖片。below還可作介詞，意為“在.下方”，可指位置、程度、數(shù)量等、e.g.The boat is below the bridge.船位于橋的下方?！菊Z法專項】1、 特殊疑問句1. 定義：特殊疑問句是指以who，what，whose，which，when，where，why，how等疑問句開頭，對陳述句中某一部分提問的句子?；卮饡r，不用yes或no，而是用一個句子或短語。what通常用來對職業(yè)或事物提問，表示“什么，什么事”who通常用來對人提問，表示“誰”when通常用來對時間

22、提問，表示“什么時候”where通常用來對地點提問，表示“哪里”which通常用來對待定范圍內(nèi)的人或物提問，表示“哪一個”whose通常用來對所屬關(guān)系提問，表示“誰的”why通常用來對原因提問，表示“為什么”how通常用來對方式提問，表示“如何”how old通常用來對年齡提問，表示“幾歲”how many通常用來對數(shù)量提問，表示“多少”，后面跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式how much通常用來對金錢提問，表示“多少錢”2.句型結(jié)構(gòu) 特殊疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞+ 一般疑問句？具體有以下兩種情況：（1） 疑問詞 + be + 主語（+其他）？e.g.Who is your teacher？How old

23、 is your brother？Where are my books?Why is he late?（2） 疑問詞 + 助動詞 + 主語 + 行為動詞（+ 其他）？e.g.What does your father do?Why do you like English?How many books do you have?（3） 當(dāng)主語是疑問代詞who，whose，what,which或由疑問代詞修飾主語時，句子應(yīng)用陳述語序（主語和謂語不倒裝）。e.g.Who likes playing footbal?Which train leaves for Beijing?Exercises:（ ）

24、1) do you speak English so well? Because I practice it with my partner every day. A.Why B.When C.Who（ ）2) is Jeremy Lin? He is a famous Harvard-educated,Asian-American NBA basketball player. A.Where B.What C.Why D.How old（ ）3） do you go to work every day？ By bike. A.What B.Who C.How D.When（ ）4） can

25、we find your brother at weekends? On the football field. A.When B.Which C.Why D.Where（ ）5） is her favourite subject？ Her favourite subject is art. A.Why B.When C.Who D.What二、不定冠詞 冠詞是一種虛詞，放在名詞前面，幫助說明名詞的含義。它分為不定冠詞（a，an）和定冠詞（the）兩種。本單元主要學(xué)習(xí)不定冠詞a和an的用法。1. a和an的用法（1）用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前，指人或事物的某一類An elephant is he

26、avy.（2）指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或何物A reporter wants to see you.（3）表示“一”這個數(shù)量，但數(shù)的概念沒有one強烈I have a mouth,a nose,two eyes.（4）表示每一，用在表示時間、速度、價格的名詞前，相當(dāng)于everyI go to school five days a week.（5）用于某些固定詞組中a little,a lot of,a few2. a 和 an的區(qū)別a用于讀音以輔音音素開頭的單詞前，an用于讀音以元音音素開頭的單詞前。 e.g.an antor a doctor an apple 注：hour, hone

27、st 等單詞以及f,h,l,m,n,s,x等輔音字母，發(fā)音是以元音音素開頭的，所以當(dāng)它們前面需加不定冠詞時用an；相反，useful,university,European等單詞的發(fā)音卻是以輔音音素開頭，當(dāng)它們前面需加不定冠詞時用a。 e.g.a university an hourExercises：（ ）1）Excuse me，is this egg？ No，its cake. A.an;a B.a;a C.a;an D.an;an（ ）2）There is “u”and “h” in the word “hour”. A.an;an B.a;a C.an;a D.a;an（ ）3）Be

28、careful！There is dog lying on the ground. Thanks a lot. A.a B.an C.the D./Unit 2知識目標(biāo)高頻詞daily,article,never,table tennis,ride,usually,so,seldom,guitar,geography,bell,ring,end,band,practice,together,market,break,grade高頻詞組junior high school,on foot,take part in,have a good time,go to bed,get up語法1. 認識一

29、般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法；2. 了解行為動詞在第三人稱單數(shù)后需加“s”或“es”等變化；3. 學(xué)會一般現(xiàn)在時的肯定句、疑問句和否定句的句式；4. 在具體情景中能準(zhǔn)確地運用頻度副詞：always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，never。【單詞·要點】1.love 熱愛，喜歡love后面可以接動詞的-ing形式和動詞不定式，構(gòu)成句型love doing sth.或love to do sth.，意為“喜歡做某事”。 love doing sth強調(diào)習(xí)慣性的動作，而love to do sth.強調(diào)某一次特定的動作。可與like互換。2.so 因此，所以在連接表

30、示原因和結(jié)果的兩個句子時，so后面的句子表示結(jié)果，與前面表示原因的句子往往用逗號分開。e.g.I am tired,so I want to have a break.3.辨析watch,look,see與readwatch觀看，注視指全神貫注地看?？措娨?、看戲、看比賽、看實驗以及各種表演等watch TVwatch a game/matchlook看，望指動作的過程，表示有意識地集中精力看，但不一定看見，不強調(diào)看的結(jié)果，其后接賓語時要加介詞atlook at 看 look for尋找look after照顧look up 查尋，查閱see看見，看到主要強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果，但不一定是有意識地看，其

31、后可直接跟名詞或代詞作賓語see a movie 看電影see a doctor看醫(yī)生read閱讀，讀懂主要指看書、看報、看雜志read newspaper看報4.At about 5:30pm. 大約在下午5:30 介詞at此處表示時間，意為“在”。辨析at，in與onat在具體的鐘點前at twelve oclockin泛指在上午、下午或晚上在年、月或季節(jié)前in the morning,in 2013in January,in springon在具體日期前；在星期幾前；在節(jié)日前；在具體某一天的上午、下午或晚上前；在有限定詞的上午、下午或晚上前on Sunday afternoon;on M

32、ondayon the morning of July 7th;on a cold winter morning5.arrive 到達 arrive不及物動詞，后面跟地點名詞時，應(yīng)加介詞in或at。大地方用in，小地方用at?！径陶Z·要點】1.once or twice a week 每周一兩次。 在英語表示頻率的表達中，表示“一次”用“once”，“兩次”用“twice”，若次數(shù)為“三次或三次以上”時則用“基數(shù)詞+times”，此時time是可數(shù)名詞，意為“次數(shù)”。 e.g.three times six times2.on foot 步行g(shù)o to on foot 意為“步行去.

33、”，可與walk to互換使用。3.take part in 參加 通常指參加集體性活動，如參加討論、游行、比賽、戰(zhàn)斗和慶祝等活動。e.g.John takes part in many school activities.Ex.下周大約有300名學(xué)生將參加學(xué)校的運動會。About 300 students the school sports meeting next week.【拓展】join是及物動詞，意為“加入”，表示加入某一組織，黨派，社會團體、某一人群或某一活動中，從而成為其中的成員。join后常出現(xiàn)club,army,team,group以及人稱代詞賓格等。 e.g.join th

34、e swimming club參加游泳俱樂部 join the army 參軍4.how often 多久一次 用于對表示頻率的詞語提問，回答時通常用usually,often,every day,every night,once a day等表示頻率的副詞或短語。辨析how often,how soon 與how longhow often多久一次用來對頻度副詞或頻度副詞短語提問how soon多久以后用來對表示將來的一段時間提問how long多長時間用來對一段時間提問Ex.( )1） do you go to the library? Once a month. A.How many t

35、imes B.How soon C.What time D.How often2)We help grandmother clean her house three times a week.(對劃線部分提問) do you help grandmother clean her house?3)She will be back in an hour.(對劃線部分提問） will she be back?5.ride a bicycle 騎自行車 ride可作及物或不及物動詞，表示“騎(自行車/馬）；乘（車）”。 e.g.I cant ride a horse.辨析ride a bike 與by

36、 bikeride a bike動詞短語bike前必須加限定詞在句中作謂語，表示動作by bike介詞短語bike前不加限定詞在句中作狀語，表示方式6.between.and .在.和.之間 e.g.The building is between the school and the park.辨析between與amongbetween常指“在.（兩者）之間”；當(dāng)后接三者或三者以上的人或物時，是把這些物體分別看待，指每兩者之間。She takes some medicine between meals every day.among用于指“在.（三者或三者以上的人或物）之間”He is si

37、tting among the children.7.later in the afternoon下午稍晚的時候 later副詞，意為“后來，過后”。常用于“一段時間+later”，表示“.之后”。 e.g.He came back two days later.8.at the end of 在.末，在.盡頭。表示時間、空間或事件的過程。相關(guān)短語：by the end of.到.末 in the end最后，終于 come to an end告終，結(jié)束 end up with.以.結(jié)束9.help sb. with sth.幫助某人做某事。with后跟名詞或代詞。 e.g.Sometimes

38、 I help my mother with the housework.相關(guān)短語：help sb.(to)do sth.幫助某人做某事 e.g.Lets help the old man(to) carry the box. help (to) do sth.幫助做某事 e.g.Can you help (to)water the flowers?【句子·要點】1.How short it is! 休息時間多么短??！ 本句是一個由how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，其構(gòu)成為：How + 形容詞/副詞 + 主語 + 謂語！ e.g.How beautiful our school is! How f

39、ast he runs!【拓展】what也可引導(dǎo)感嘆句，其構(gòu)成為：What + a(an) + 形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語！ e.g.What a kind man he is！What +形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語！ e.g.What fine weather it is today！ What beautiful flowers these are！2.People often start by writing “Dear Diary”. “by+v.-ing形式”意為“通過做某事”。介詞by意為“通過.,憑.”，后面常接v.-ing形式，表示通過做某事而得到某種結(jié)果。

40、常用來回答How do you.？或How can I.？這類問句e.g.How do you learn English? I learn English by listening to cassettes.【用法集萃】1.talk about 談?wù)?2.from.to.從.到. 3.keep a diary 記日記4.ask sb. about sth.詢問某人關(guān)于某事 5.junior high school 初級中學(xué)6.in the world 在世界上 7.after-school activities 課外活動 8.have a good/great time=enjoy ones

41、elf=have fun 過得愉快 9.play with和某人玩10.brush ones teeth 刷牙 11.be close to +地點名詞 離某地近11.a glass of .一杯. 12.after lunch 午飯后 Ex.( )1)Tom,please give me . A.a glass of milk B.a glass of milks C.two glass of milk D.two glasses of milks ( )2)Jenny is friendly,and she always helps me my English. A.with B.to C

42、.of D.on ( )3)My father always goes to bed 10p.m. A.on B.in C.for D.at ( )4)The two kids practice spoken English joining the English club. A.by B.in C.on D.with ( )5)At weekends,my sister loves but my brother likes fishing. A.swim;go B.swimming;going C.swim;going D.swimming;go ( )6)There are not any

43、 buses here, my father has to walk home every day.A.because B.and C.so D.but ( )7) she was ill, she didnt go to school.A.Because;so B.Because;/ C.So;because D.So;/ （ )8) interesiting the book is! A.How B.What C.How an D.What an ( )9) beautiful your school is! A.How a B.How C.What a D.What 10)你喜歡打羽毛球

44、嗎？ Do you badminton? 11)讓我們到鄉(xiāng)村去幫助孩子們學(xué)習(xí)。 Lets go to the countryside to the kids their study. 12)午飯后，他們出去了。 They went outside . 13)聚會時，我坐在蘇和簡之間。 I sat Sue Jane at the party. 14)下午晚些時候我將跟媽媽出去購物。 I will go shopping with my mother 15)下學(xué)期彼特將要去中學(xué)讀書了。他將是一名初中生。 Peter will study in the Middle School next term

45、.He will be a Student. 16)我每月拜訪祖父母兩三次I visit my grandparents . 17)My grandmother walks to the park every afternoon.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換） = My grandmother the park every afternoon.【語法專項】一、一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，也可以表示現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)或主語具有的性質(zhì)、特征等。一般現(xiàn)在時常與always，usually，often，sometimes等頻度副詞或every day/week/morning，in the mornin

46、g/afternoon/evening等時間狀語連用。謂語動詞句式結(jié)構(gòu)be動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時肯定句主語+be（am，is，are）+其他否定句主語+be（am，is，are）+not+其他一般疑問句Be+主語+其他特殊疑問句疑問詞+一般疑問句？行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時肯定句主語+行為動詞原形/行為動詞三單形式+其他.否定句主語+dont/doesnt+動詞原形+其他.一般疑問句Do/Does+主語+動詞原形+其他？特殊疑問句疑問詞+一般疑問句？e.g.I am eleven years old. Are you good at swimming? My elder sister loves read

47、ing. Where are they from? Does your father like playing computer games?Ex.( )1)Whats his brother? He is a teacher.He maths at a school. A.taught B.has taught C.teaches D.will teache （ ）2)Lucy and Lily sisters.They study at the same school. A.be B.am C.is D.are ( )3)Summer holiday is coming,Li Lei wi

48、th his father to go to Shanghai. A.want B.will want C.wants 二、頻度副詞 頻度副詞在句中通常位于實義動詞之前，be動詞或情態(tài)動詞等之后。按照動作發(fā)生的頻率高低，常見的頻度副詞有：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never。表示頻率的常見副詞短語有：once a week,twice a year,every day,every month。Ex.( )1)Does Anna play baseball on Sunday? No,she . A.is never B.never is C.n

49、ever does D.does never( )2)Alan to work by bicycle. A.usually go B.go usually C.usually goes D.goes usually( )3)Bobby always gets up early,but Mary and Amy . A.doesnt always B.always doesnt C.dont always D.always dont( )4)Mr. Zhang is very busy with his business,so he has time to play. A.always;seldom B.always;sometimes C.usually;often D.sometimes;never( )5)We usually have dinner at home in the evening,but we eat out. A.sometimes B.seldom C.never D.always( )6)How often do the students play sports? . A.Twice