高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)及練習(xí)

1、實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 高中英語(yǔ)-定語(yǔ)從句 一 定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ) 1定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的詞之后。 2先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。 3關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。 關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。 關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why等 關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中有三大作用 1. 連接作用連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句。 2. 替代作用在定語(yǔ)從句中替代從句所修飾的先行詞。 3. 成分作用在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。 The man who is shaking

2、hands with my father is a policeman. 二 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它們分別代替前面的先行詞，并在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。 1. who 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2. whom 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，可省略，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho 來(lái)代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 3. which 指物，在定語(yǔ)

3、從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 4. that 指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。 He is the man that/who lives next door. Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 、The season that/which comes after spring is summer. The dress (that/which) Ann b

4、ought doesn't fit her very well. 5. whose 指人、物皆可，與后面的名詞有所屬關(guān)系，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 注意：指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. Do you like the book whose cover i

5、s yellow? =Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 三 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以跟介詞一起放在從句與主句之間（that, who不可以），也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面，使關(guān)系代詞緊跟它所修飾的先行詞。 The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. This is the boy (whom/who

6、/that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 注意：1. 含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi)，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 2. 介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不可用that和who，若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只可用whom指物時(shí)只可用which；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbo

7、ur. 3. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 四 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有when, where和why等。when, where, why都在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，在意義上相當(dāng)于介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)，分別代替表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的先行詞。 1. when 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 I still rememb

8、er the day when I first came to this school. 注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。如： I'll never forget the day when/on which I first met you. Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 五 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 限制性定語(yǔ)從句 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 形式上：不用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開(kāi)。 意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如果去掉，主句則失去意義

9、或意思表達(dá)不完整。 譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)：“的” 關(guān)系詞的使用上：A作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略 B可用that C可用who 代替whom The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. China is a country which has a long history. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 形式上：用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開(kāi)。 意義上：只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如果去掉，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。 譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。 關(guān)系詞的使用上：A不可省略 B不用that C不可用who 代替whom His

10、 mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. I have been to Hangzhou, which is a very beautiful city. （一）限制性定語(yǔ)從句中只能用that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況 1.先行詞為all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等時(shí)。 Everything that he said was true. 他所說(shuō)的一切都是真的。 2.當(dāng)先行詞被the very（恰恰，正好）, t

11、he only，any，few，little，no，all修飾時(shí)。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. 3當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. 4. 當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 5當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí)。 Who that has common sense wil

12、l believe such nonsense? 6當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 7先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做表語(yǔ),而關(guān)系代詞在從句中也做表語(yǔ)時(shí)。 She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. He is not the man (that) he seems. 人不可貌相。 （二）關(guān)系代詞as和which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 1. as 和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子

13、。如： He married her, as / which was natural. He is honest, as / which we can see. 2. as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含義。 As is known to all, China is a developing country. John, as you know, is a famous writer. Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than te

14、n times, which I don't believe. 注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如： Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 1. 當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same 修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常用as。 如： I've never heard such stories as he tells. （三） 以the way為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。 The way (t

15、hat/in which) he answered the questions was surprising. （四）關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇 用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句要看關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用（所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?A. I know a place where we can have a picnic. I know a place which/that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. I

16、 will never forget the days that/which we spent together. C. This is the reason why he was dismissed. This is the reason that/which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 基礎(chǔ)練習(xí) (1) This is the hotel_ we will stay at. which/that/ (2) This is the hotel_ we will stay. where (3) This is th

17、e hotel_ we will stay. at which (4) This is the hotel _we will visit. that/which/ (5) This hotel is the one _ we will stay at. that (6) This hotel is the one _ we will stay. where (7) This hotel is the one _ we will visit. That 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 一、選擇題 1. (09全國(guó)II) My friend showed me round the town,

18、 _ was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 2. (09安徽卷)Many children_ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village Atheir Bwhose Cof them Dwith whom 3. (09北京卷)What do you think of teaching, Bob? I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing so

19、mething serious but interesting. A. where B. Which C. When D. that 4. (09福建卷)It's helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where 5. (09湖南卷)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _ name will create a picture of beautiful trees

20、 and green grass in our mind. A. which B. of which C. that D. whose 6. (09江蘇卷)Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. which D. since 7. (09遼寧卷)They've won their last three matches, _ I find a bit surprising actually.

21、 A. that B. when C. what D. which 8. (09全國(guó)I)She brought with her three friends, none of _I had ever met before. A. them B. who C. whom D. these 9. (09全國(guó)II) My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 10. (09山東卷)Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, s

22、he greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 11. (09陜西卷)Gun control is a subject_Americans have argued for a long time . A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 12. (09上海卷)Mozart's birthplace and the house _ he composed “The Magic Flute” are 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 both mus

23、eums now. A. where B. when C. there D. which 13. (09四川卷)She'll never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when 14. (09天津卷)A person _ e-mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e-mails. A. who B. whom C.

24、 whose D. whoever 15. (09天津卷)I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. A. as B. which C. when D. though 16. (09浙江卷)I have reached a point in my life _I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A which B where C how D why 17. (09重慶

25、卷)Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where 18. (04全國(guó)卷) The English play _ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 19. (03北京) York, _ last year, is a nice old ci

26、ty. A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited 20. (02北京)We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go. A. what B. which C. where D. when 二、翻譯訓(xùn)練： 1.我們?cè)卺t(yī)院一直照顧take care of的老太太死了. _ 2.你想娶marry的姑娘昨天偷了我的錢(qián)包。 _ 3.孫老師

27、寫(xiě)的書(shū)是世界上最好的書(shū)。 _ 4.你喜歡女孩就是我喜歡的女孩。 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 _ 5.昨天被我家的狗咬的人bite今天又被你家狗咬了。 _ 6.你知道他打算娶reason你的原因嗎？ _ 7.我討厭hate我住過(guò)的那個(gè)旅館hotel。_ 8.我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們共同生活和學(xué)習(xí)的那個(gè)秋天_ 9.他愛(ài)了20年的那個(gè)女孩昨天嫁marry人了。 _ 10.她是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最漂亮的女孩。 _ 11.The old lady who died yesterday left one million. _ 13.The doctor told me yesterday that there is nothin

28、g that he could do for my father. _ 14. This is the page ,where you can find the answer. This is the page ,which you can find the answer on. _ 15.As the teacher told me yesterday, he didn't pass the exam. _ 16.As we was discussing just now, it's easy for us to study English. _ 17. As my moth

29、er told me yesterday , my girlfriend didn't love me at all. _ 18. As you know, the money is very important. _ 19. We are studying the business English, which is very useful for us In the future. _ 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全 20.Do you know the reason why your dog is going to die? _ 三、閱讀理解 There are stories about

30、two U.S . presidents, Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren, which attempt to explain the American English term OKWe don't know if either story is true, but they are both interesting. The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little educationIn fact, he had difficulty reading and writingWhen important papers came to Jackson, he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they saidIf he approved of a paperhe would write “all correct” on itThe proble