英語(yǔ)閱讀理解Passage18-29

1、passage18to produce the upheaval in the united states that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860, s,to the mid 一 1880, s,three primary causes interacted the emergence of a half-dozen leaders in education provided the personal force that was meeded.moreover,an outcry

2、 for a fresher, more practical, and more advaneed kind of instruction arose among the alumni and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode all conservative opposition. the aggressive u young yale” movenent appeared,demandingpartial alumni aontrol,a more liberal

3、 spirit ,and a broader course of study. the graduates of harvard college simulta-meously rallied to relieve the college' s poverty and demand new enterprise. education was pushing toward higher standards in the east by throwing off church leadership every-where, and in the west by finding a wide

4、r range of studies and a mew sense of public duty.the old 一 style classical education received its most crushing blow in the citadel of harvard college, where dr, charles eliot, a young captain of thirty-five, son of a former treasurer of harvard, led the progressive forces five revolutionary advanc

5、es were made during the direst years of dr, eliov s administration. they were the elevation and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the curriculum and the development of the elective system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional tra

6、ining in law, medicine, and engineering to a postgraduate level, and the fostering of greater maturity in student life. standards of admission were sharply advanced in 1872-1873 and 1876-1877,by the appointment of a dean to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the under

7、graduates were led to regard them-selves more as young gentlemen and less as young aminals. one new course of study after another was opened up-scienee, music, the history of the fine arts, advanced spa nish, political economy, physics, classical philology, and inter national law 1 which of the foll

8、owing is the author5 s main purpose in the passage?a. to explain the history of harvard collegeb. to criticize the conditions of united stated universities in the nineteenth centuryc. to describe innovations in united states higher education in the late 18oo5 sd. to compare harvard with yale before

9、the turn of the centuryaccording to the passage, the changes in higher education during the late 18001 s were the result ofa. plans developed by conservatives and church leadersb. efforts of interested individuals to redefine the educational systemc. the demands of social organizations seeking finan

10、cial reliefd. rallies held by westerners wanting to compete with eastern schoolsaccording to the passage, harvard college was in need of morea. studentsb. moneyc. landd. clergyaccording to the passage, which of the following can be inferred about harvardcollege before progressive changes occurred?a.

11、 admission standards were lower.b. students were younger.c. classes ended earlierd. course were more practicalfrom the passage it can be con eluded that which of the followi ng was a characteristic of the classical course of study?a. most students majored in educationb students were limited in their

12、 choice of coursesc. students had to pass five levels of studyd. courses were so difficult that most students failedpassgae19ralph ellison is by no means the first writer to inlay his work with the silver and gold of afro-american folklore. mark twain, charles chesnutt, james weldon johnson,william

13、faulk ner,zora neale hurston,sterli ng brow n, and lan gston hghes used it before ellis on, ofte n with supreme skill. but ellis on' s case is special because of the sheer virtuosity of the invisible man, which, replete with its u inside51 use of black folklord, is also very modern in its techni

14、que. in this contemporary novel, the vital transformation from folk item to written literature seems wonderfully complete. the ianguage is consistently astir with actual afro-am erica n speech, as well as with the tales, songs, and games of folklore.what,ellington and wafner achieved in music is her

15、e achieved in fiction: the transmutation of folk materials into a fully orchestrated masterpiece.1.what is the main idea of the passage?a.ellis on was not the first writer to use afro-ameri-can folklore b.ellis on tran sformed folk materials into a masterpiece c.ellison collected folklore that might

16、 otherwise have been lost.d.ellis on' s work made him a very wealthy man.2.the phrase u silver and gold, in the first sentence could best be replaced bya.expenseb.currencyc.splen dord.metals3.why does the author list a group of names in the second sentence?a.to support the argument of the first

17、sentenceb.to give the names of ellison' s publishersc.to state that these people were more skillful than ellisond.to in troduce a con troversial idea4.what kind of work is the invisible man?a.a long monologueb.a collection of short storiesc.a con temporary no veld.a musical comedy5.how does the

18、author disti nguish ellis on' s work, as represe nted in the invisibleman, from that of other writers?a. it was translated into a number of languagesb. it was adapted for the symphony orchestrac it was modern in technique.d. it was popular in the afro-american community.6 what does the author im

19、ply about ellington and wagner?a. their achieveme nts in music are comparable to those of ellis on in literature.b. their tales, songs, and games are incorporated in ellison' s work.c. their success encouraged ellis on to use folk materials in his writi ng.d. their accents are imitated by charac

20、ters in the invisible manpassage20tornadoes, whirlwinds, and waterspouts are rotating funnel cloud air masses of small diameter. they are differentiated by the intensity of their mutation and by the surfaces that they traverse. though tornadoes and whir winds both travel over land masses,whirlwinds

21、are atmospheric systems smaller than tomadoes.waterspouts are tornadoes that form or pass over a water surface.atornado is a powerful vortex of m twister whose rotational speeds are estimated to be near 300 miles per hour. the first visible in dicatio n of torn ado developme nt is usually a funnel c

22、loud as this funnel dips earthward, it becomes darker because of the debris that is forced into its intensifying vortex some tomadoes give no visible warning until their destruction strikes the unsuspecting victim. tornadoes often occur in groups, and several twisters sometimes desce nd from the sam

23、e cloud base. the forward speed of a torn ado is no rmally 30 to 40 miles per hour, in the short tine that it takes to pass, a torn ado can cause fantastic destruction. there have been cases reported in which blades of straw were embedded in fence posts.1 how are tornadoes distinguished from whirlwi

24、nds?a only tornadoes are funnel-shapedb. whirlwi nds rotate in a differe nt di recti on than torn adoes do.c. tomadoes travel over land and whirlwinds over water.d. tornadoes are larger than whirlwinds.2. why do tornadoes appear to be dark?a. they occur only at night.b. they are funnel-shapedc they

25、pick up debris from the ground.d. they are water-laden.3. according to the passage, which of the following behaviors is frequently characteristic of funnel clouds?a. descending from different cloud basesb. occurring in isolated areasc. lasting a long timed. occurring in groups4. according to the pas

26、sage, some tornadoes take people unawares because theya. produce a sound similar to thunderb. cannot be seen until it is too latec. look so much like other cloudsd. carry so many large pieces of debris5. relative to its rotati onal speed, the forward speed of a torn ado isa. quite a it slowerb about

27、 the samec. 30 to 40 times fasterd. a function of its height6. the author refers to straw embedded in fence posts in order to showa where tornadoes occurb. who makes reports about tornadoesc. when tomadoes take formd. how tornadoes affect physical objectspassage21telecommuting substituting the compu

28、ter for the trip to the job 一has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems reared to office work.for workers it premises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. for management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes tar

29、din ess and absenteeism by elimi nating commutes, allows periods of solitude for high-con-centration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility. in some areas, such as southern california and seattle, washington, local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to

30、 reduce rush-hour congestion and improve air quality.but these benefits do not come easil y. maki ng a telecommuti ng program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images.many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life a

31、s a telecommuter. a computer programmer form new york city moves to the tranquil adirondack mountains and stays in con tact with her office via computer. a man ager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other two. an accountant stays home to care for her sick child; she hook

32、s up her telephone modem conn ections and does office work betwee n calls to the doctor.these are powerful images, but they are a limited reflect!on of reality. telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time before a c

33、ertain age, young children cannot recognize, much less respect, the necessary boundaries between work and family. additional child support is n ecessary if the pare nt is to get any work done management, too, must separate the myth from the reality. although the media has paid a great deal of attent

34、ion to telecommuting, in most cases it is the employee' s situati ons, not the availability of tech no logy that precipitates a telecommuti ng arran geme nt.that is partly why, despits the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with work-at-home programs or policy guidelines remains

35、small.1. what is the main subject of the passage?a. business management policiesb. driving to workc extending the workplace by means of computersd. computers for chide-care purposes2. which of the following is not mentioned as a problem for office employees?a. being restricted to the officeb. incurr

36、ing experises for lunches and clothingc taking care of sick childrend driving in heavy traffic3. which of the following is not mentioned as a problem for employers that is potentially solved by telecommutinga. employees' lateness for workb. employees* absenee from workd.c. employees' need fo

37、r time alone to work intensivelyemployees1 conflicts with second jobs4. which of the following does the author mention as possible disadvantage oftelecommuti ng?a small children cannot understand the boundaries of work and playb. computer tech no logy is not adva need en ough to accommodate the n ee

38、ds of everysituati on.c. electrical malfunctions can destroy a project.d. the worker often does not have all the needed resources at home5. which of the following is an example of telecommuting as described in the passage?a. a scientist in a laboratory developing plans for a space stationb a technic

39、al writer sending via computer documents created at homec. a computer technician repairing an office computer networkd. a teacher di recti ng computer-assisted lear ning in a private schoolpassage22the early settlers who came from the eastern united states were used to having lots of trees around. t

40、hey found it hard to adapt to a treeless place like nebraska and they needed trees for building and for fuel. so they started many tree-planting programs that went on for years and years finnaly, i n 1872 a newspaperma n n amed j sterling mort on had an idea why not have a special day set aside for

41、planting tress? so arbor day was born, and on april 10,1872,the first arbor day was celebrated. the state government announced that it would give prizes to individuals and groups who planted the most trees. on that first day, more than one million trees were planted in nebraska1 with what topic is t

42、he passage mainly concerned?a. the nebraskan terrainb early settlersc. arbor dayd. some uses for trees2. it can be inferred from the passage that in the eastern united states there weremanya. treesb. settlersc types of fueld. situations requiring adaptation3. according to the passage, trees were ini

43、tially needed by the nebraskan settlers fora. shadeb. the prevention of soil erosionc. the creation of parksd. constructi on4. why dose the author mention j. sterling morton?a. to cite an example of an early settlerb. to give credit for the origin of an ideac. to support the author' s own point

44、of viewd. to stress the importance of journalists5. according to the passage, which of the following happened on april 10,1872?a. a great many new trees were plantedb. j.sterling morton was born.c. the nebraska state government donated treesd. a million prizes were awarded.passage 23since women bear

45、 children, it seems to be taken for granted that they should care for them, too.for example, it is said that a man is too awkward to hold a baby. he hasn' t the touch. this is pure nonsense s baby is so soft that anybody with a firm grip can hold one. all you have to remember is to keep the righ

46、t side up. but women will tell you if s an art. another fiction is that no man can properly dress a child once again, nonsense. i knew a man who was an expert at it, better than any woman. he was skilled automobile mecha nic, much in dema nd at races, where he had to whisk tires on and off. he used

47、the same technique in the home carrying a mouthful of safety pins, he would toss the youngster to the floor. even before her head bumped he was hard at word. arms flying he would have his task completed before the child could begin to cry. often the youngster was too astonished to make a sound, and

48、my friend would turn her over to her mother with a triumphant smile1 the best title for this selection is:a. the truth about children.b. men and babiesc. a woman1 s artd. how to hold a babye. what man does best?2. the main idea of this passage is thata. it is taken for granted that women should care

49、 for babies.b. men are too awkward to care for a baby.c. women believe that caring for babies is an artd. men are perfectly capable of caring for babies.e. no man can properly dress a child3. women usually care for babies becausea. men are too awkwardb. men don' t have the timec. women have the

50、proper touch.d. men lack the necessary patienee.e. it is accepted practice.4. the author feels that holding a baby isb. challe ngingc a risky businessd. an arte. best done by men5. the passage suggests that womena. admire men who are adept at handling babiesb. belong is the home.c. lack the skill to

51、 dress a child properlyd. exaggerate the difficulty of caring for children.e. are not as talented as men6. the author admiresa. tendern essb. patiencec efficiencyd courtesye. gracious nesspassage 24in every school there is a “ top" crowd that sets the pace, while the others follow their lead. l

52、et' s say the top crowd decides that it is smart to wear bright red sweaters pretty sonn ever body is wearing bright red sweaters there is nothing wrong with that, except the fact that on some people bright red is mighty unbecoming. the situation can even become dangerous, if the top crowd decid

53、es that it is smart to drink or to drive cars at seventy miles an hour. then the people who follow the lead are endangering their very lives they are like sheep being led to the slaughter.now, chances are that you have come across situations like these more that once in your life .in fact, cha nces

54、are that one time or ano ther you probably did something you knew to be wrong. you man has excused yourself by saying “ gee, the crowd does itn well, let the crowd do it, but dort t it yourself. learn to say “ no.m develop your own standards and your own judgments. if you know the crowd is planning

55、something of which you disapprove, have the courage to bow out gracefully. you' ii have the satisfaction of standing on your own two feet.1 the best title for this selection is:a. follow the leaderb. the “top” crowdc. on being yourselfd rules for tee ns.e. conformity2. the main idea of this pass

56、age is thata. in every school there is a u top” crowd that sets the pace.b. it is a mistake to follow the u top" crowd blindlyc people who follow the u top” crowd are endangering their livesd at one time or another you probably did something you know to be wrong.e. you should have the courage t

57、o bow out gracefully when you disapprove of what the u top" crowd is planning.3. the author disapproves of wearing red sweaters ifa. the crowd is wearing themb. you can, t afford themc you dorf s look good in redd. your parents disprovee. it is against school regulations4. the author urges the

58、reader toa obey his or her parentsb. follow the crowdc. take the advice of his or her eldersd. be independente. do whatever he or she wants5. people who slavishly follow the “ top:” crowda are tables without a causeb. lose popularityc. have no respect for their parentsd. eventually become pace-setters in their own righte. sometimes do things against their better judgmentpassage 25throughout the history of li