鋰離子電池論文：純電動(dòng)汽車電池管理系統(tǒng)的研究

1、 鋰離子電池論文：純電動(dòng)汽車電池管理系統(tǒng)的研究【中文摘要】隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展以及能源、環(huán)保等問題的日益突出,電動(dòng)汽車以零排放和噪聲低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)已成為節(jié)能環(huán)保綠色車輛最主要的發(fā)展方向之一,并且越來(lái)越受到世界各國(guó)的重視,在二十世紀(jì)得到迅速發(fā)展。而電動(dòng)汽車的動(dòng)力源動(dòng)力鋰離子電池,是目前電動(dòng)汽車發(fā)展的瓶頸。作為發(fā)展電動(dòng)車的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一的電池管理系統(tǒng)(Battery Management System,簡(jiǎn)稱BMS)研究是解決該問題的關(guān)鍵,倍受人們的關(guān)注,是電動(dòng)車產(chǎn)業(yè)化的關(guān)鍵。電池管理系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)及管理電動(dòng)汽車的動(dòng)力電池運(yùn)行的全過程,包括電池基本信息(包括電壓、電流、溫度和電量)監(jiān)測(cè)、剩余電量估計(jì)、單體電池間的充放

2、電均衡、電池故障診斷等方面。本文以昌河愛迪爾汽車改裝的電動(dòng)汽車為試驗(yàn)平臺(tái),以鋰離子電池為研究對(duì)象,研制適用于電動(dòng)汽車的電池管理系統(tǒng)。是實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控鋰離子電池、延長(zhǎng)電池使用壽命、提高電池的能量效率和運(yùn)行可靠性。首先分析了鋰離子電池的工作特性和影響剩余容量的因素,比較了幾種估算電池荷電狀態(tài)(State of Charge,簡(jiǎn)稱SOC)的方法,并介紹了本系統(tǒng)中采用的SOC估算方法,即開路電壓法與安時(shí)法相結(jié)合的方法。其次針對(duì)鋰離子電池的特性,設(shè)計(jì)出基于微控制器的電池保護(hù)系統(tǒng)?？杀O(jiān)測(cè)單體電池的電壓,防止電池在使用中出現(xiàn)過充、過放等現(xiàn)象；監(jiān)測(cè)電池組的電流和溫度信號(hào),防止電池組出現(xiàn)過流、溫度過高、短路等減少電池

3、壽命現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。管理系統(tǒng)基于單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)電池組電壓、電流和溫度的精確采集,采用串口和控制器局域網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口完成管理系統(tǒng)與其它系統(tǒng)之間的通信連接。最后,在電動(dòng)汽車上搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),將鋰離子電池組與設(shè)計(jì)的電池管理系統(tǒng)連接進(jìn)行相關(guān)調(diào)試、試驗(yàn),測(cè)得相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)并進(jìn)行了數(shù)據(jù)分析。結(jié)果表明：本文所設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)的電池管理系統(tǒng)硬件電路可靠、經(jīng)濟(jì)、抗干擾能力強(qiáng),可以實(shí)現(xiàn)：電池組的電壓、電流、溫度的模擬量采集；均衡充放電；剩余電量的計(jì)算和電池狀態(tài)的判斷；實(shí)時(shí)顯示電池組相關(guān)信息,故障時(shí)報(bào)警等功能?！居⑽恼縒ith the global economic development and the energy, environ

4、mental protection and other issues become more prominent, Electric Vehicles with zero emissions and low noise advantages of energy saving green vehicles has become the most important development directions, and more and more world attention, the rapid development in the twenty-first century. But the

5、 power source for electric vehicles-Power lithium-ion battery is the bottleneck of the development of electric vehicles. As the development of electric vehicles as one of the key technologies of the battery management system (BMS) is the key to solve the problem, more attention is the key to the ind

6、ustrialization of electric vehicles.Battery management system monitors and management of electric vehicle battery power to run the entire process, including the battery of basic information (including voltage, current, temperature and power) monitoring, estimated the remaining capacity, charge and d

7、ischarge balance between single batteries, battery fault diagnosis and so on.In this paper, Chang He Ideal car modified for the test platform for electric vehicles, lithium-ion battery for the study, developed the battery management system for electric vehicle. Purpose of real-time monitoring of lit

8、hium-ion battery, extended the batterys life, increase energy efficiency and battery reliability.First analyzes the operating characteristics of lithium-ion battery remaining capacity factors and impact, compared the estimated battery state of charge (SOC) of several methods, and introduced the SOC

9、estimation method used in this paper, which is ampere hour method and open circuit voltage combined.Secondly, for the characteristics of lithium-ion battery, designed the battery protection system based on Micro Controller Unit. Could be achieved single cell voltage monitoring to prevent the cells a

10、ppeared in the use of charge, over discharge and so on; Monitoring the battery current and temperature signals, to prevent battery over current, over temperature, short circuit to reduce the battery life phenomenon. The management system based on Micro Controller Unit to achieve collected the batter

11、y voltage, current and accurate temperature, using the serial and Controller Area Network interface to complete communication links between the management system and other systems.Finally, building the experimental platform on electric vehicle, and connected the lithium-ion batteries and battery man

12、agement system and associated debugging, testing, measured data and conducted data analysis. The results showed that:The battery management systems hardware was designed and implemented by paper reliability, economy and anti-interference ability. Can be achieved:Acquisition of the battery pack volta

13、ge, current, temperatureanalog; balanced charge and discharge; calculate remaining battery time and judge the state of the battery; real-time display battery information and failure alarm functions.【關(guān)鍵詞】鋰離子電池 BMS SOC 電動(dòng)汽車 均衡【英文關(guān)鍵詞】Lithium-ion battery BMS SOC Electric vehicles Balance【目錄】純電動(dòng)汽車電池管理系統(tǒng)的

14、研究 摘要 3-4 ABSTRACT 4-5 第一章 緒論 9-20 1.1 選題意義 9 1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外電動(dòng)汽車及其發(fā)展概況 9-12 1.3 電動(dòng)汽車電池管理系統(tǒng)綜述 12-18 1.3.1 電池管理系統(tǒng)(BMS-Battery Management System)簡(jiǎn)介 12-14 1.3.2 電池管理系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)及功能分析 14-17 1.3.3 電池管理系統(tǒng)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 17-18 1.4 本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容 18 1.5 系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)指標(biāo) 18-19 1.6 本章小結(jié) 19-20 第二章 鋰離子電池及其SOC估算方法 20-33 2.1 鋰離子電池 20-25 2.1.1 鋰離子電池簡(jiǎn)介 2

15、0-21 2.1.2 鋰離子電池發(fā)展歷史 21-22 2.1.3 鋰離子電池原理 22-23 2.1.4 鋰離子電池主要特點(diǎn) 23-25 2.2 鋰離子電池剩余電量及影響因素 25-28 2.2.1 SOC定義 25-26 2.2.2 影響鋰離子電池剩余電量的因素 26-28 2.3 常用SOC估算方法 28-32 2.3.1 開路電壓法 28-29 2.3.2 安時(shí)法 29 2.3.3 內(nèi)阻法 29 2.3.4 電動(dòng)勢(shì)法 29-30 2.3.5 負(fù)載電壓法 30 2.3.6 卡爾曼濾波法 30 2.3.7 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)法和模糊推理法 30-31 2.3.8 線性模型法 31-32 2.4 本章小

16、結(jié) 32-33 第三章 基于安時(shí)-開路電壓法的鋰離子電池SOC估算 33-41 3.1 安時(shí)-開路電壓法 33-36 3.1.1 安時(shí)法的缺點(diǎn) 33-34 3.1.2 安時(shí)-開路電壓法對(duì)安時(shí)法的補(bǔ)償方法 34-36 3.2 基于補(bǔ)償方法的SOC曲線方程的建模 36-39 3.2.1 基于開路電壓補(bǔ)償?shù)慕?36 3.2.2 基于充放電倍率補(bǔ)償?shù)慕?36-37 3.2.3 基于溫度補(bǔ)償?shù)慕?37-38 3.2.4 基于充放電循環(huán)次數(shù)的建模 38-39 3.3 安時(shí)-開路電壓法SOC估算程序?qū)崿F(xiàn) 39-40 3.4 本章小結(jié) 40-41 第四章 電池管理系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 41-53 4.1 系統(tǒng)總體結(jié)構(gòu) 41-42 4.2 主控MCU的選擇 42-44 4.2.1 STC12C5A60S2簡(jiǎn)介 42-44 4.2.2 單片機(jī)外圍電路 44 4.3 電池狀態(tài)信息采集模塊 44-49 4.3.1 電壓電流采集模塊 45-46 4.3.2 溫度采集模塊 46-47 4.3.3 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換模塊 47-49 4.4 均衡電路 49-50 4.5 通訊系統(tǒng)模塊 50-52 4.5.1 串口通訊 50-51 4.5.2 CAN通訊 51-52 4.6 本章小結(jié) 52-53 第五章 電池管理系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 53-68 5.1 軟件設(shè)計(jì)概述 53-54 5.