新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法點(diǎn)歸納新概念一共 144 課，其中單課為課文，雙課為語法和練習(xí)。整本書是以單數(shù)課為正課，并附帶有插圖而雙數(shù)課則是針對(duì)單數(shù)課所講的內(nèi)容有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行練習(xí)，從此出展現(xiàn)出整個(gè)新概念一教材區(qū)別于其他教材的獨(dú)特之處。以下是對(duì)新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位對(duì)整個(gè)課本的理解和把握上參考和借鑒。首先根據(jù)課本中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)態(tài)來分析：本冊(cè)書的語法出現(xiàn)層次性和規(guī)律性是很強(qiáng)的，首先我們先來整本書中都出了哪些時(shí)態(tài)，這些時(shí)態(tài)的具體分布和講解時(shí)我們大家需要注意的遞進(jìn)性。lesson 31 34 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)lesson 37 40 第一次出現(xiàn)be going to 的將來時(shí)lesson 51 56 一

2、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)lesson 67 76 為一般過去式lesson 83 90 為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)lesson 91 96 為一般將來時(shí)(will) lesson 117118 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)lesson 119120 過去完成時(shí)除去前面所有時(shí)態(tài)和句型所占據(jù)的76 課我們一起來看一下以下的68 課， 每一課小的語言點(diǎn)，語法點(diǎn)都是在什么地方，應(yīng)該用什么樣的方式來講解。在這里告訴學(xué)員新概念一的每一個(gè)單課的重點(diǎn)都是出現(xiàn)雙課的標(biāo)題和課后的練習(xí)題里面。lesson1 2 語言點(diǎn)：與陌生人說話或引起別人的注意。excuse me. yes? pardon? thank you very much. 語法點(diǎn)：主系表結(jié)構(gòu)thi

3、s 為主語，名詞做表語 1的一般疑問句以及它的肯定回答。is this your handbag? yes, it is. lesson 56 語言點(diǎn)：如何介紹別人。this is miss sophie dupont. nice to meet you. 語法點(diǎn)：主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。she is french. he is german. its a volvo.(l6) a/an 的使用。lesson 78 語言點(diǎn)：如何自我介紹和相互認(rèn)識(shí)。語法點(diǎn)：主語為第二人稱的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。are you french? what nationality are you? whats your

4、 job? 特殊疑問句。lesson 910 語言點(diǎn)：朋友或熟識(shí)的人之間如何相互問候。how are you? 語法點(diǎn)：主系表結(jié)構(gòu)形容詞做表語。介詞短語表示位置near the window, on the televion, on the wall lesson 2930 語言點(diǎn)：如何發(fā)號(hào)命令。語法點(diǎn)：祈使句（肯定）。動(dòng)詞與賓語的固定搭配。lesson 37 38 語言點(diǎn)：如何表達(dá)將要做的事情。語法點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)be going to do結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)將要發(fā)生的事情。there be 句型的一般疑問句形式。lesson 41-42 語法點(diǎn)：如何表示不可數(shù)名詞的量。lesson 63-64 語言

5、點(diǎn)：建議忠告。語法點(diǎn)： don t do . you mustnt do lesson 65-66 語法點(diǎn)：具體時(shí)間表示法( 半點(diǎn)和刻鐘）。反身代詞。具體日期表達(dá)方式。lesson 73-74 語言點(diǎn)：?jiǎn)柭?。語法點(diǎn)：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式。形容詞轉(zhuǎn)變成副詞。lesson 77-78 語言點(diǎn)：看病。語法點(diǎn)：綜合時(shí)間表達(dá)方式。lesson 105-106 語言點(diǎn)：辦公室用語。語法點(diǎn)： want sb to do./ tell sb to do以及其否定形式。lesson 103-104 語言點(diǎn)：考試。語法點(diǎn)：賓語從句。 （從句部分為非現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)）程度副詞too, very ,enough lesson

6、125-126 語言點(diǎn)： / 語法點(diǎn)： have to do/ dont need to dolesson 127-128 語言點(diǎn)：娛樂界。語法點(diǎn)： must/cant 對(duì)現(xiàn)在事情的肯定/否定猜測(cè)。lesson 129-130 語言點(diǎn)：交通狀況。語法點(diǎn)： must/cant have been.對(duì)過去事情的肯定/ 否定猜測(cè)。lesson 131-132 語言點(diǎn)：度假。語法點(diǎn)： may 對(duì)現(xiàn)在 /過去事情的肯定或否定猜測(cè)。以下學(xué)的知識(shí)慢慢與新二接軌：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：lesson 8390 直接引語變成間接引語：lesson 99102 形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：lesson107 112 neithe

7、r ,so 的用法： lesson 113114 不定代詞的用法：lesson 115116 過去進(jìn)行和過去完成時(shí)：lesson 117120 定語從句： lesson 121124 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的綜合用法：lesson 125132 直接引語變間接引語：lesson 133136 （著重講時(shí)態(tài)的倒推）if 的用法： lesson 137140 被動(dòng)語態(tài)： lesson 141 144 1）代詞及be 動(dòng)詞主格i we you you she/he/it they 賓格 me us you you her/him/it them 代詞所有格my our your your her/his/its

8、their 名詞性代詞mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs be 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)am are are are is are be 動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)was were were were was were 2）名詞的復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則 1 一般情況 +s e.g. shellshells toy toys 規(guī)則 2 以 s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾 +es e.g. foxfoxes church churches 規(guī)則 3 以 o 結(jié)尾 +s 或+es e.g. radioradios potatopotatoes 規(guī)則 4 以 f, fe 結(jié)尾的

9、，變f, fe為 ves e.g. lifelives half halves 規(guī)則 5 以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾，變 y 為 i+es e.g. skyskies study studies 3）動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式規(guī)則 1 一般情況 +s e.g. like-likes, look-looks 規(guī)則 2 以 s, x, ch, sh和 o 結(jié)尾 +es e.g. do-does, catch-catches 規(guī)則 3 以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾，變 y 為 i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies 4）動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞規(guī)則 1 一般動(dòng)詞加 -ing e.g. look-

10、looking, read-reading, play-playing 規(guī)則 2 以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e 加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive -arriving 規(guī)則 3 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙 寫 輔 音 字 母 再 加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping 5）動(dòng)詞過去式規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則 1 一般動(dòng)詞加 -ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watc

11、hed, play-played 規(guī)則 2 以 e 結(jié)尾的加 -d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived 規(guī)則 3 以輔音字母y 結(jié)尾的變y 為 i 加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried 規(guī)則 4 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ed stop-stopped 過去式的讀音在清輔音后面（除外）讀/t/ e.g. walked, jumped 在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/ e.g. washed, watched 在/t/ ，/d/ 后讀 /id/ e.g. waited, hated6）形容詞和

12、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)比較級(jí)規(guī)則 1 一般加 -er e.g. high-higher 規(guī)則 2 以 e 結(jié)尾加 -r nice-nicer 規(guī)則 3 以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾，變y 為 i 再加 -er busy-busier規(guī)則 4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫輔音字母再加-er fat-fatter 最高級(jí)規(guī)則 1 一般加 -est e.g. high-highest 規(guī)則 2 以 e 結(jié)尾加 -st nice-nicest 規(guī)則 3 以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾，變y 為 i 再加 -est busy-busiest 規(guī)則 4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫輔音字母再加-est fat-fattest 7）常見縮寫：

13、is=s i am=im are=re is not=isnt /iznt/ are not=arent /a:nt/ do not=dont does not=doesnt was=s did not=didnt can not=cant have=ve has=s have not=havent has not=hasnt will=ll will not=wont shall not=shant 直接引語 / 間接引語如果引語的主句所用動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，那么間接引語要做相應(yīng)變化：時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞1） 時(shí)態(tài)變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

14、過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)be going to was/were going to/would can-could may-might 2） 時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化：here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that3） 人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。4） 直接賓語 / 間接賓語主語及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語直接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，間接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事務(wù)，也可以說間接賓語表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰做的，或者是為誰做的。所以間接賓語要用名詞或者賓格代詞來擔(dān)當(dāng)。he gives me a book.（me 間

15、接賓語， a book直接賓語）直接賓語和間接賓語的位置調(diào)換時(shí)要加一個(gè)介詞to 或 for ：主語及物動(dòng)詞直接賓語介詞間接賓語give me a book. = give the book to me. send him a letter. = send a letter to him. show him the new dress. = show the new dress to him. 倒裝句： so/neither的倒裝eg: he can swim . so can i. she didnt go to class. neither did i. 結(jié)構(gòu)：so/neither+be+

16、主語so/neither+助動(dòng)詞 + 主語so/neither+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語助動(dòng)詞：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) : do, does/am, is, are 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) : am, is, are 一般過去時(shí) : did 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) : have, has 一般將來時(shí) : will, shall 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) : was, were 過去完成時(shí) : had 過去將來時(shí) : would 新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法匯總新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 一): 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 二): 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 三) ：一般過去時(shí)新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 四) ：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 五) ：

17、一般將來時(shí)新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 六) ：過去完成時(shí)新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 七) ：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 八) ：過去將來時(shí)新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 九) ：?jiǎn)柧湫赂拍钣⒄Z第一冊(cè)語法( 十) ：限定詞新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 十一 ): 名詞新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 十二 ): 副詞新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 十三 ): 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 十四 ) ：need 用法新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 十五 ) ：不定代詞及不定副詞新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 十六 ) ：感嘆句新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 十七 ) ：祈使句新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 十八 ) ：倒裝句新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 十九 ) ：

18、直接引語 / 間接引語新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法( 二十 ) ：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成：主語 +be 動(dòng)詞 +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其它成分 ( 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成見附錄) we are having lunch. he is reading a book. the dog is running after a cat. the boys are swimming across the river. 變疑問句將be 動(dòng)詞移到句首are we having lunch? is he reading a book? is the dog running after a cat? are th

19、e boys swimming across the river? 變否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后面加 not we are not having lunch. he is not reading a book. the dog is not running after a cat. the boys are swimming across the river. 特殊疑問句： what, which, how, where, who, etc. 疑問詞 +動(dòng)詞 +主語 +現(xiàn)在分詞what are you doing? what is she doing? what is the dog doing?

20、沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞( 必背 ) 表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作1. 表示感覺，感官的詞see, hear, like, love, want, 2. have, has當(dāng)”擁有 ”講時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)一、時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。1 含有 be 動(dòng)詞的句子he is a teacher. the girl is very beautiful. tim and jack are students. 變疑問句將be 動(dòng)詞移到句首is he a teache

21、r? is the girl very beautiful? are tim and jack students? 變否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后面加not he is not a teacher. the girl is not very beautiful. tim and jack are not students. 肯定回答及否定回答yes, he is. no, he is not. yes, she is. no, she is not. yes, they are. no, they are not. 不含有 be 動(dòng)詞的句子，即含有一般動(dòng)詞的句子第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞he likes

22、books. she likes him. the dog likes bones. 變疑問句在句首加does, 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵蚫oes he like books? does she like him? does the dog like bones? 變否定句在主語及動(dòng)詞之間加doesnt, 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵停渲械膭?dòng)詞不再有第三人稱變化。he doesnt like books. she doesn t like him. the dog doesn t like bones. 肯定回答及否定回答：yes, he does. no, he doesnt. yes, she does. no,

23、 she doesnt yes, it does. no, it doesnt. 注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加s，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞i want to have a bath. we have some meat. the students like smart teachers. 變疑問句在句首加do do you want to have a bath? do we have any meat? do the students like smart teachers? 變否定句在主語和動(dòng)詞之間加dont. you don

24、 t want to have a bath. we dont have any meat. the students dont like smart teachers. 肯定回答及否定回答yes, i do. no, i dont. yes, we do. no, we dont yes, they do. no, they dont. 一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago, 含有 be 動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，am, is的過去式為was

25、，are 的過去式為were i was at the butchers. you were a student a year ago. the teacher was very beautiful ten years ago. 變疑問句將be 動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首were you at the butchers? were you a student a year ago? was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago? 變否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后面加not i was not at the butcher s. you were not a student

26、 a year ago. the teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago. 肯定回答否定回答yes, i was. no, i was not. yes, you were. no, you were not. yes, he/she was. no, he/she was not. 特殊疑問句：what did you do? ( 必背 ) 不含有 be 動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，動(dòng)詞過去式構(gòu)成見附錄i finished my homework yesterday. the boy went to a restaurant. the sa

27、wyers lived at king street a year ago. 變疑問句在句首加did ， 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵蚫id you finish your homework yesterday? did the boy go to a restaurant? did the sawyers live at king street a year ago? 變否定句在主語和動(dòng)詞之間加did not i did not finish my homework yesterday. the boy did not go to a restaurant. the sawyers did not live

28、 at king street a year ago. 肯定回答及否定回答yes, i did. no, i didnt. yes, he did. no, he didn t. yes, they did. no, they did not. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語 +助動(dòng)詞 have, has+ 過去分詞用法：2) 表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just, usually, already, since等時(shí)間副詞連用i have just had lunch. (飽了，不用再吃了) he has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝) they have alre

29、ady had their holiday. (不能再度假了) the boy has already read the book. (已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了) 3) 詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have you finished your homework? have you been to beijing? have he seen the film? 4) 表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作i have lived in beijing for twenty years. i have worked for this school for 1 year. 8) 表示一種經(jīng)

30、歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過地方，做過 事情，經(jīng)歷過事情i have never had a bath. i have never seen a film. i have never been to cinema. i have ever been to paris. have been to表示去過， have gone to 表示去了i have been to london.(人已經(jīng)回來 ) he has gone to london.(人還在那里 ) 11) 表示一種結(jié)果，一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用i have lost my pen. i have hurt myself. he has become

31、a teacher. she has broken my heart. 句型變化：變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not. e.g. have you lost your pen? i have not lost my pen. 肯定回答及否定回答yes, i have. no, i have not. 特殊疑問句：what have you done? what has he done? 一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子為過去時(shí)注意： 有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)， 因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語連用錯(cuò)： i ve left beij

32、ing for 3 days. 對(duì)： i left beijing 3 days ago. i have been away from being for 3 days 一般將來時(shí)表示將來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常和 tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours time, etc. 表示將來的詞聯(lián)用結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 +助動(dòng)詞 will+動(dòng)詞原形i will go to america tomorrow. the pilot will fly to japan the month af

33、ter the next. jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning. 變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首will you go to america tomorrow? will the pilot fly to japan the month after the next? will jack move into his new house tomorrow morning? 變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not i will not go to america tomorrow. the pilot will not fly to japan t

34、he month after the next. jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning 肯定回答及否定回答yes, i will. no, i will not. yes, he/she will. no, he/she will not. yes, he will. no, he will not. 特殊疑問句：what will you do? 過去完成時(shí)：用法：在過去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過去完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)： had+過去分詞after she had finished her homework,

35、 she went shopping. they had sold the car before i asked the price. the train had left before i arrived at the station. after/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào)，如果放在主句后則不用加。5 變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首had she finished her homework? 6 變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not she hadnt finished her homework. 7 肯定回答及否定回答yes, she had. no, she hadnt

36、. 8 特殊疑問句：what had she done? 第二部分過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常用在when, while, as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中。結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were+doing when my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor. while we were having dinner, my father was watching tv. 過去將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)： would do she said she would go here the n

37、ext morning. 兩個(gè) 特殊句型： there be 句型， be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)1) be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算，準(zhǔn)備，計(jì)劃做某事結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 +be動(dòng)詞 +going to +動(dòng)詞原型i am going to make a bookcase. they are going to paint it. the father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter. 變疑問句將be 動(dòng)詞移到句首are you going to make a bookcase? are they going to paint it? i

38、s the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter? 變否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后面加not i am not going to make a bookcase. they are going to paint it. the father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter. 肯定回答及否定回答yes, i am. no, i am not. yes, they are. no, they are not. yes, he is. no, he is not. 特殊疑問句wh

39、at are you going to do? what are they going to do? what is the father going to do? ( 必背 ) 2) there be 句型表示哪里有什么東西( 某處有某物 ) there is+單數(shù)名詞 +表示場(chǎng)所的詞(一般為介詞詞組) there is a book in this room. there is a pen on the table there are+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +表示場(chǎng)所的詞 ( 一般為介詞詞組) there are two pens on the table. there are three scho

40、ols there. 變疑問句將be 動(dòng)詞移到句首is there a book in this room? are there two pens on the table? 變否定句在動(dòng)詞后面加not there is not a book in this room. there are not two pens on the table. 肯定回答及否定回答yes, there is. no, there is not. yes, there are. no, there are not. 新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法總結(jié)( 九)：?jiǎn)柧?09:35:02 問句一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反

41、意疑問句，選擇疑問句，否定疑問句1) 一般疑問句：助動(dòng)詞 /be 動(dòng)詞 +主語are you a teacher? do you want to have a cup of tea? 2) 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞 +一般疑問句what is your name? 3) 選擇疑問句： or do you want beef or lamb? 4) 反意疑問句：肯定陳述句 +否定疑問部分，否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分you don t need that pen, do you? 5) 否定疑問句：一般疑問句 +否定詞arent you lucky? dont you want have a res

42、t? 新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法總結(jié)( 十)：限定詞限定詞： some, any, many, much some, any 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句， any 用于否定句和疑問句，注意，當(dāng)期待對(duì)方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用some many 修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在口語中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用 a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用many, much. i have a lot of money. i dont have much money. 新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法總結(jié)( 十一 ): 名詞名詞：種類，復(fù)數(shù)，名詞所有格名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名

43、詞1) 不可數(shù)名詞無法分開的東西：water, tea, bread, milk, rice(米) 抽象的東西：love, beauty, coldness(寒冷 ) 不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點(diǎn)：不能用 a, an修飾不能加 s 和單數(shù) be 動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞搭配2) 可數(shù)名詞：?jiǎn)螖?shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加s, 名詞復(fù)數(shù)共有以下幾種變化：規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則 1 一般情況 +s e.g. shellshells bookbooks 規(guī)則 2 以 s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾 +es e.g. foxfoxes churchchurches, busbuses, watchwa

44、tches 規(guī)則 3 以 o結(jié)尾 +s或+es e.g. potatopotatoes, negro negroes, heroheroes, tomato tomatoes ，( 口訣：黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿) ，剩下一般加s, radioradios 規(guī)則 4 以 f, fe結(jié)尾的，變 f, fe為 ves e.g. life lives half halves, shelfshelves, citycities, wifewives 規(guī)則 5 以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾，變 y 為 i+es e.g. skyskies flyflies 3) 不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式man(men) wo

45、man(women) foot(feet) goose(geese) tooth(teeth)0 child(children) sheep(sheep) deer(deer) mouse(mice) fish(fish) 新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法總結(jié)( 十二 ): 副詞 09:36:52 副詞：用法及形容詞變副詞的變化副詞可以修飾形容詞，動(dòng)詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子。如：the book is very good. he runs fast. she came here quite early. certainly i will go with you. 副詞變化形式：直接在形容詞后加-ly, care

46、ful-carefully, slow-slowly, 以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y 變 i, 加-ly, happy-happily, lucky-luckily 有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化fast, hard, late 有些詞加上 -ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn)：neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately 新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法總結(jié)( 十三 ): 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 09:37:35 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用：can, must, may, might, need, 1) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can( 能夠 ) ， must( 必須 ) ， may( 可以 ) 結(jié)構(gòu)

47、：主語 +can/must/may+ 動(dòng)詞原型he can make the tea. sally can air the room. we can speak english. 變疑問句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首can he make the tea? can sally air the room? can we speak english? 變否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not he cannot make the tea. sally cannot air the room. we cannot speak english. 肯定回答及否定回答yes, he can. no, he cannot. y

48、es, she can. no, she cannot. yes, we can. no, we cannot. 特殊疑問句：what can you do? ( 必背 ) 注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加s。2)must/have to的區(qū)別must 表示必須，是主觀上覺得應(yīng)該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)3)must, may, might表示猜測(cè)： must do 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測(cè)must have done表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的猜測(cè)must ha

49、ve been doing 表示對(duì)過去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測(cè)may/might do, may/might have done表示沒有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)，might 的可能性更小。5cant/couldnt 表示不可能新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法總結(jié)( 十四 ) ：need 用法 09:38:09 need 用法：表示 “需要 ”時(shí)為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式：i need a pen. do you need any beer? no, i dont. i need to have a rest. need doing=need to be done，表示被動(dòng)the flowers ne

50、ed watering. need在否定時(shí)做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用you needn t go so early. =you dont need to go so early. must i clean the desk right now? no, you neednt. 新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法總結(jié)( 十六 ) ：感嘆句 09:39:24 感嘆句：1) what + 名詞 +主語 +謂語what a beautiful girl she is! 2) how + 形容詞 +主語 +謂語how beautiful the girl is! 祈使句： 第二人稱：let+ 其他人稱代詞 祈使句的否定，加don

51、 t 反意疑問祈使句 ( 第二人稱 ) 祈使句表示請(qǐng)求，命令，建議，邀請(qǐng)等，謂語動(dòng)詞一律用原型，句子中通常不用主語，句末用驚嘆好或者句號(hào)，用降調(diào)?？隙ň鋭?dòng)詞原型例， come here, please. go downstairs, please. stand up. sit down. be quiet. be careful. 祈使句中如果有喚語，一定要用逗號(hào)隔開，放在句首或者句尾come in, amy. sit down here, tom. mary, give me a book please. 否定： dont+ 動(dòng)詞原型dont come here. dont sit down

52、. dont stand up. dont give me it. let sb. do let me pass. let us have a rest. let s have a rest. ( 反意疑問 ) ：let s have a walk along the river, shall we? let us go out for a drink, will you? 新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法總結(jié)( 十八 ) ：倒裝句 09:40:44 倒裝句： so/neither的倒裝 eg. he can swim. so can i. i didnt go to class. neither did

53、 i. 結(jié)構(gòu)：so/neither+be+ 主語so/neither+助動(dòng)詞 + 主語so/neither+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)， do, does/am, is, are 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)， am, is, are 一般過去時(shí)， did 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)， have, has 一般將來時(shí)， will, shall, 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，was, were 過去完成時(shí)，had 過去將來時(shí)， would 新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法總結(jié)( 十九 ) ：直接引語 / 間接引語 09:41:26 直接引語 / 間接引語如果引語的主句所用動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，那么間接引語要做相應(yīng)變化：時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞1) 時(shí)態(tài)變化：

54、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) - 一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) - 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí) - 過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) - 過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí) - 過去將來時(shí)be going to-was/were going to/would can-could may-might 2) 時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化：here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that3) 人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。4) 直接賓語 / 間接賓語主語 +及物動(dòng)詞 +間接賓語 +直接賓語直接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，間接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事務(wù)，也可以說間接賓語表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)

55、誰做的，或者是為誰做的。所以間接賓語要用名詞或者賓格代詞來擔(dān)當(dāng)。he gives me a book. me間接賓語， a book直接賓語直接賓語和間接賓語的位置調(diào)換時(shí)要加一個(gè)介詞to 或 for 主語 +及物動(dòng)詞 +直接賓語 +介詞 +間接賓語give me a book. give the book to me. send his a letter. send a letter to him. show him the new dress. show the new dress to him. 新概念英語第一冊(cè)語法總結(jié)( 二十 ) ：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)1) 代詞及 be 動(dòng)詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱

56、單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格 i we you you she/he/it they 賓格 me us you you her/him/it them 代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their 名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs be 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí) am are are are is are be 動(dòng)詞過去時(shí) was were were were was were 2) 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則 1 一般情況 +s e.g. shellshells toytoys 規(guī)則 2 以 s,

57、 x, ch, sh結(jié)尾 +es e.g. foxfoxes churchchurches 規(guī)則 3 以 o 結(jié)尾 s 或+es e.g. radioradios potatopotatoes 規(guī)則 4 以 f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為 ves e.g. lifelives halfhalves 規(guī)則 5 以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾，變 y 為 i+es e.g. skyskies studystudies 3) 動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式規(guī)則 1 一般情況 +s e.g. like-likes, look-looks 規(guī)則 2 以 s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾 +es e.g. do-does,

58、 catch-catches 規(guī)則 5 以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾，變 y 為 i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies 4) 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞規(guī)則一一般動(dòng)詞加 -ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing 規(guī)則二以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e 加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving 規(guī)則三重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-

59、getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping 5) 動(dòng)詞過去式規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則一一般動(dòng)詞加 -ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played 規(guī)則二以 e 結(jié)尾的加 -d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived 規(guī)則三以輔音字母加結(jié)尾的變y 為 i 加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried 規(guī)則四重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ed stop-stopped, 過去式的讀音在清輔音后面(除外 ) 讀/t/ e.g. wa

60、lked, jumped 在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/ e.g. washed, watched 在/t/ ， /d/ 后讀 /id/ e.g. waited, hated 6) 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)比較級(jí)規(guī)則一一般加 -er e.g. high-higher 規(guī)則二以結(jié)尾加 -r nice-nicer 規(guī)則三以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾，變y 為 i 再加 -er busy-busier, 規(guī)則四重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫輔音字母再加-er fat-fatter, 形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)最高級(jí)規(guī)則一一般加 -est e.g. high-highest 規(guī)則二以結(jié)尾加 -st nice-nicet 規(guī)則三以輔音字