英語本科畢業(yè)論文論《傲慢與偏見》中的婦女地位問題

1、本科畢業(yè)論文論傲慢與偏見中的婦女地位問題學(xué)生姓名： 學(xué)生學(xué)號： 200310206099 院（系）： 外國語學(xué)院 年級專業(yè)： 2003級英語專業(yè)本科3班 指導(dǎo)教師： 二七年五月On the Womens Status Seen in Pride and PrejudiceHuang XingyinUnder the Supervision ofZhang ChunSchool of Foreign Languages and CulturesPanzhihua UniversityMay 2007ContentsAbstract.Key Words.摘要.關(guān)鍵詞.Introduction.1.

2、A General Summary of the Womens Status in Pride and Prejudice.2 A. A Brief Introduction to the Story.2 B. Womens Status Shown in the Novel.3 C. Other Aspects Connecting with Womens Status.4. Reasons for the Womens Low Status at That Time4 A. Traditional Feudal Notions4 B. Womens Surrender to Social

3、Prejudice6. Enlightenment from womens status in Pride and Prejudice.7 A. Social Reform as the Precondition of Womens Emancipation.9 B. Womens Fighting Against Feudal Ideology and Self-Cultivation.11Conclusion.14Acknowledgements15Bibliography16AbstractWith the development of the society, women are pl

4、aying more and more important roles in various aspects of the modern society, and their statuses are also enhanced. However, traditional ideologies are deeply rooted; women are still treated unfairly, and they have to fight against traditional prejudice and self-cultivation to their statuss enhancem

5、ent. Key WordsWomens status; pride and prejudice; feudal ideology；Pride and Prejudice摘要隨著社會發(fā)展與進(jìn)步，婦女在現(xiàn)代社會各個領(lǐng)域中起著越來越重要的作用，婦女在很多方面的地位也得到提高。但是，封建觀念根深蒂固，婦女仍然受到來自各個領(lǐng)域的不公平待遇，所以婦女要敢于與封建偏見做斗爭，要積極通過改變自我來提高自身的地位。關(guān)鍵詞婦女地位；傲慢與偏見；封建觀念；傲慢與偏見IntroductionToday, people are more and more caring about womens status. Wom

6、en are not a separated individual, but deeply tie to the society, and they play very important roles in every aspects of the modern society. So womens status not only connects to women themselves, but also the societys development. Therefore, both women and the government should try their efforts to

7、 enhance womens status and advance the equal right of men and women. As everyone knows, Pride and Prejudice，a well-known novel written by Jane Austen, marriage is central topic of the novel. According to the appearance of the novel, as for Austens characters, marriage does not mean the act of ungove

8、rned passion but a complex engagement between the marrying couple and society. In the novel, Austen portrays the womens low status and the reasons of womens low status. But women in the novel didnt try to strive for their right, they thought little of their low status, and had little self-awareness,

9、 just negotiated to the society.As for our Chinese women, they have been experiencing over 3000 years traditional ideology. And even in the modern society, they also suffer kinds of discriminations from the society and men. They are usually thought of humbler than men, and always be excluded out of

10、the society.A General Summary of the Womens Status in Pride and PrejudiceA. A Brief Introduction to the Story Pride and Prejudice is Jane Austens great masterpiece, a sharp and witty comedy of manners played out in early 19th century English society. , a world in which men held virtually all the pow

11、er and women were required to negotiate mine-fields of social status, respectability, property, and marriage.Marriage is one of the themes in the novel. Austen concentrates on womens fate most. Through her characters process of courtship and marriage, Austen shows social backgrounds behind their mar

12、riage and what low status women have suffered. In Pride and Prejudice, for a woman, generally the only way to her is to get married besides being spinsterhood or governess. To marry a rich and high status man, is a path for the young women to gaining financial security and social status. The novel p

13、ortrays life in the middle class rural society of the day, and tells the initial misunderstanding and later mutual enlightenment between Elizabeth Bennet and Darcy. They gradually dispel their prejudice and constitute a happy marriage. Here Austen shows the power of love and happiness to overcome cl

14、ass boundaries and prejudice, thereby implying that women should strive for their own love and happiness, but not to according the social will.However, behind the happy marriage of Elizabeth Bennet and Darcy, Austen mainly wants to show that property, social status still play the most important role

15、s in a marriage, from which women suffered a lot. No right of inheritance, such is particularly the case of the Bennets, a family of five daughters whose fathers estate is entailed to a distant relative, for upon Mr. Bennets death they will loose home, land, and income, everything else. After knowin

16、g Elizabeths refusal to Mr. Collins, Mrs. Bennet threats her daughter that “if you go on refusing every marriage, you will never get a husband, and I am sure I do not know who is to maintain you when your father died.” So it is illustrated that property and social status are more important than marr

17、iage. Thus, under the effect of the unreasonable social value, doesnt Charlotte Lucas,who is up to playing in a high-staked matrimonial game forfeit her own personalintegrity?B. Womens Status Shown in the NovelEither in the past or today, society puts a significant value on marriage. In modern socie

18、ty, marriage means the birth of a new family, which is filled with love, understanding, happiness and harmonious atmosphere. Moreover, marriage is not a trade and the two persons in a marriage should not get married for the personal benefit or just for convenience. But in which, marriage is an odd p

19、henomenon and it is just an approach, which people could reach their aims and provides them convenience. Austen describes Charlottes marriage as a symbol, through which Austen shows the readers what low status women hold. In the novel, marriage is an everlasting and hot topic for all the people, esp

20、ecially for women and their families. Although marriage is an odd phenomenon in the end 18th and early 19th century middle classs country life in Britain, it is very common. Women never considered the marriage itself, but to what extent that they would be benefited from a marriage. Mrs. Bennet, for

21、example never concerns about the moral and teaches her daughters the view of moral. “The business of her life was to get her daughters married” and she thinks that could fetch her daughters wealthy and high status husbands; she has achieved something great in her life and her family will be benefite

22、d much. Thus, when Mr. Bingley, a wealthy bachelor with large fortune, four or five thousand a year, becomes their neighborhood, Mrs. Bennet begins to contemplate his getting married to one of her daughters. And in the later days, she is incapable fatigue and enumerates kinds of advantages that her

23、family will get if Jane and Mr. Bingley get married, such as wealth, status ranking, and could also throw her other daughters in the way to other rich men. All her thoughts for fetching her daughter wealthy and high status husband come just out of the considering of practicality, but not out of her

24、daughters feelings. Under the monetary view of marriage, Mrs. Bennet totally treats her daughters marriage as product trades and her daughters are the commodities. In Pride and Prejudice, Austen shows that because of womens low status, they are desirable to change their status. So marriage becomes a

25、 straight and quick way to change their situation. Though they know that such kind of marriage is equal to a trade and for themselves, they are only products in the marriage market or an attachment to a man or even a marriages slave, they do not care much.C. Other Aspects Connecting with Womens Stat

26、usThe women in Austens age, lived in a patriarchal society, a world in which women were strictly limited, but men held all the advantages. And under such a society, women forfeited their personal personalities and own integrities. They could not entail their fathers estate, which was a quite iniquit

27、ous affair to the daughters in the Bennets. Although they felt angry about it, “I do not think it is the hardest thing in the world that your estate should be entailed away from your own children and I am sure if I had been you, I should have tried long ago to do something or other about it” Mrs. Be

28、nnet cried to her husband. But the fact is that they could do nothing to change unchangeable social rule.Young women of today have a variety of options open to them regarding their future. They can go to college; they can have their careers and become professional women and live on their own; they c

29、an earn their status through hard work and their advantages. However, women in the end 18th and early 19th century English society had no these free choices. Their formal education and job were limited, and the society could not welcome of a woman entering a profession, and their knowledge seemed no

30、 use to the society. If a woman was unmarried, no matter she was mature or not, she was not allowed to live alone and must live with her family, at least live with a suitable chaperone until her marriage or her spinsterhood to death. In Austens age, womens actions were strictly limited and they coul

31、d not enjoy their personal freedom Reasons for the Womens Low Status at That TimeA. Traditional Feudal NotionsObserving the novel Pride and Prejudice from another aspect, we know that the theme of the novel does not only deal with love and marriage, but also includes the relationship of women, socie

32、ty, and womens status. Jane Austen has shown the social fabric of society during her time and makes a comment on the status of women during that time. In Austens time, society treated women unfairly and women really enjoyed low statusTo know clearly what Jane Austen writes Pride and Prejudice for, w

33、e should firstly have a clear mind of the social background and know, under the traditional feudal notion how the society treated the women in the 18th and 19th century country society in Britain In the novel, Austen presents the gender injustices in the 19th century English society, and how the imp

34、ortant role that money played in determining a womans daily life, marriage and destiny. Economically dependent, women were robbed of property and inheritance rights and possessed no independent source of income. The entailment of the Longbourn estate is an extreme hardship on the Bennet family, and

35、is quite obviously unjust. No right to entail their fathers estate leaves the Bennet daughters in a poor financial situation which both requires them to be married and makes it more difficult to marry well. Having no social status, and in order to improve their social status, women have to give up t

36、heir personal dignity and ego at the expense of their love and marriage, and they are willing to get married just for financial security and enhancement of social status. Under these values of money and social status, women they cant enjoy a happy marriage and their freedom. And they are deprived of

37、 the right to receive education and take part in social activities. Because there are no needs for higher education for them, and even if there is necessity to receive a higher education, it is just for self-enhancement or for pleasing their husbands. At that time, society offered few opportunities

38、to women to choose for their lives and to decide the destiny. Just as the opening sentence of the novel says “it is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.” which tells the reader that men were always in the dominantstatus in a ma

39、rriage and the heritance of property. Thus men enjoy the right to choose their wives according to their will.Through Pride and Prejudice, Austen portrays the commonly held views on the characters marriage. Society, at that time, put a significant value on property and social status, and women in suc

40、h a society, with their privileges tightly limited, had no chance to develop their personalities and their characters were fettered by the society. There were no centrally organized systems of statesupported schools, and some local grammar schools did exist but did not admit girls. So womens educati

41、on became impossible, and they didnt have careers, but society required little for their use of knowledge and gave little chance for them to use knowledge. They were denied the possibility of improving their status or gaining their financial security through hard work or personal achievements. They

42、were mostly estimated by others through their property and social status. Therefore, in Pride and Prejudice, marriage is one of the most ideal ways, in which women could gain reputation, wealth and raise their social status. Just as the character Charlotte Lucas in the novel, without thinking highly

43、 either of men or matrimony, her life goal is marriage. When proposing and being rejected by Elizabeth, Mr. Collins quickly transfers his attention towards Charlotte Lucas, and he could not possibly be in love with Charlotte, for only three days before he had proposed Elizabeth. Yet Charlotte knows

44、the fact that the man she will marry has no attachment to her, just for the will of marrying, but she pays no attention to it. She marries Mr. Collins for the purpose other than love, so she doesnt care about whether there is love in their marriage. Just as Charlotte says to her fiend “I am not roma

45、ntic, you know. I never was. I ask only a comfortable home; and considering Mr. Collinss character, connections, and situations in life” she accepts Mr. Collinss proposal. Austenportrays that Charlottes marriage to Collins is a monetary trade. Charlotte marries Collins primarily because he will be a

46、ble to provide her enough livelihoods and will be able to make her life quite easy by considering estate. So she thinks that the tolerable Collinss proposing to her is an extremely good fortune for her since he earns his money through inheritance and is in the command of the wealthy lady Catherine.

47、In other words, Charlotte marries Collins not because of love but because of her desire for financial security and raising her social status. Facing the practicality, she would have sacrificed every better feeling to worldly advantages. After their marriage, Charlotte has to endure her intolerable h

48、usband.Another obvious aspect, examining from Pride and Prejudice is the Prejudice on the right of womens inheritance. Society doesnt admit that women can entail from their fathers. Although the Bennet family has no son, none of the five Bennet daughters are allowed to entail their fathers estate, a

49、fter their fathers death. And all his estate will have to be turned over to one of their male relatives Mr. Collins, and after the death of Mr. Bennet, the five Bennet daughters would lose all that they have been owned. Just as Mr. Bennet says to her wife and his daughter “about a month ago I receiv

50、ed this letter It is from my cousin, Mr. Collins, who, when I am dead, may turn you all out of this house as soon as he pleases.”. Certainly, the mention of the inheritance offered women in the situation of plight. B. Womens Surrender to Social PrejudiceIn the novel, Austen criticizes the unreasonab

51、le social structure, also the innocence of women. In terms of marriage, they thought they had no high social status and had no large property, so they thought that marriage was an acceptable path to his high status or their economic safety according to the view of the society. They never thought tha

52、t they could earn their life and their marriage, which belonged to themselves but not to the social value. They just considered if they could completely integrate into the society and accepted the twisted monetary view and marriage view, and played the roles that the society needed, they could gain

53、their happiness and easy life. Thus, they dressed themselves and were willing to transform themselves into commodities, appearing in kinds of balls, in order to attract men. Although women were forced under the social prejudice, they tried no struggle. They were willing to believe that marriage was

54、a form of trade and in the marriage market they could be given happiness. Facing social prejudice, they also had the consciousness of being humble, thinking that the male was the superiority, and women had to surrender to the society, was seemed to more easily to them. In the novel, Austen demonstra

55、tes that women should strive for their own life and marriage, without considering the influence of the wrapping view of society, be selfconfident and get rid of the illiberal mind, not ruin any chance to realize the value, dignity, personality of theirs. Elizabeth is the best example, although she s

56、ometimes shows her pride, she is an admirable, wit, brilliant, and selfconfident woman, who conquers many difficulties and at last she gains the true love with Darcy. As for Charlotte, she also could have tried to find somebody she really loves and gets married, like her friend Elizabeth, but she ma

57、kes no attempt to find a husband whom she really loves and esteems, only giving in to the necessity of acquiring financial security and status ranking through marriage. Enlightenment from Womens Status in Pride and PrejudicePride and Prejudice portrays life of the middle class in rural society in the end of 18th century and early 19th century Britain. And the novel strongly reflects the point that the property plays an important role in determining