Chapter5翻譯技巧篇(1)措詞、增詞

1、Translation Techniques Translation Techniques （I I）FocusFocusvDictionvAmplificationvConversionvEllipsisvRepetitionvNegationvUnpackingv選詞選詞v增詞法增詞法v詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法v減詞法減詞法v重復(fù)法重復(fù)法v正反反正譯法正反反正譯法v解包袱法解包袱法AmplificationAmplificationv增詞法就是在原文基礎(chǔ)上增詞法就是在原文基礎(chǔ)上添加必要的字、詞、句添加必要的字、詞、句，從而使譯文在語言、語，從而使譯文在語言、語法形式上法形式上符合譯入語的表達(dá)習(xí)

2、慣符合譯入語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。v葉子南先生說，增詞法就是葉子南先生說，增詞法就是把講不清楚的詞義用更多的字交代清楚把講不清楚的詞義用更多的字交代清楚，再者，再者用以調(diào)整譯入語的語言結(jié)構(gòu)，使譯文更像譯入語用以調(diào)整譯入語的語言結(jié)構(gòu)，使譯文更像譯入語。v毛榮貴先生說，從修辭的角度來講，許多以委婉為修辭目的的句式，或欲毛榮貴先生說，從修辭的角度來講，許多以委婉為修辭目的的句式，或欲言又止，或輕描淡寫，或隱晦曲折，尤其論他人長短的句子，不加詞不知言又止，或輕描淡寫，或隱晦曲折，尤其論他人長短的句子，不加詞不知所云。所云。 presidential historian 研究研究總統(tǒng)的歷史學(xué)家。（增加動詞）總統(tǒng)的

3、歷史學(xué)家。（增加動詞） She is more royal than the royals. 她比皇家成員更具她比皇家成員更具皇家皇家氣質(zhì)氣質(zhì)（名詞）（名詞）Ah, that woman had a tongue.-?。∧桥说陌?！那女人的嘴可真厲害嘴可真厲害！Emphasisv增添原文省略的詞v增添必要的連接詞v邏輯性增詞v修辭角度增詞v增詞把抽象概念表達(dá)清楚v概括性增詞v重復(fù)性增詞v表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的增詞v增詞切記：v增詞不能增意 Translation PracticeTranslation PracticevThe American and Japanese conducted a com

4、pletely secrete exchange of message. vYes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days. Sort of fashion. vHer portrait flatters her. v a noisy game/noisy color vHe was black and winkled.美日雙方在完全保密的美日雙方在完全保密的情況下情況下互相交換了信件。互相交換了信件。-概括性增詞概括性增詞 不錯(cuò)，我喜歡中國菜?，F(xiàn)在很多人不錯(cuò)，我喜歡中國菜。現(xiàn)在很多人都喜歡都喜歡中國菜，中國菜，這種情況算是這種情況

5、算是有有點(diǎn)趕時(shí)髦吧。點(diǎn)趕時(shí)髦吧。-連貫性增詞連貫性增詞 她的肖像比她她的肖像比她本人還漂亮本人還漂亮。 -修辭性增詞修辭性增詞-喧鬧的游戲喧鬧的游戲/過分鮮艷的過分鮮艷的色彩（色彩（令人眼花繚亂的令人眼花繚亂的色彩）色彩） -修辭上修辭上他他皮膚皮膚黝黑，黝黑，滿臉滿臉皺紋（皺紋滿面）。皺紋（皺紋滿面）。-原文意義上增詞原文意義上增詞 vWhen she came to, she saw smiling When she came to, she saw smiling faces around her.faces around her.vI was, and remain grateful

6、for the part I was, and remain grateful for the part he played in my releasehe played in my release（釋放）（釋放）. .vBeauty is the smile on the earths face; Beauty is the smile on the earths face; open to all, and needs but the eyes to open to all, and needs but the eyes to see, mood to understand.see, mo

7、od to understand.vSuppose the preparatory work should Suppose the preparatory work should not be completed.not be completed.v她醒過來，看到身邊她醒過來，看到身邊一張張一張張笑臉。笑臉。-復(fù)數(shù)概念增詞復(fù)數(shù)概念增詞v我的獲釋有他的功勞，對此我我的獲釋有他的功勞，對此我過去過去很感激，很感激，現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在仍很感激。仍很感激。-概念具體化概念具體化 v美是大地的笑容，人人美是大地的笑容，人人得以得以享受，只要享受，只要用用眼睛去捕捉，眼睛去捕捉，用用心心去體會。去體會。-語句連貫增

8、詞語句連貫增詞v準(zhǔn)備工作完不了，準(zhǔn)備工作完不了，那可怎么辦啊那可怎么辦啊！ -語境表達(dá)出的信息用多一點(diǎn)的字交待清楚，使語句順暢語境表達(dá)出的信息用多一點(diǎn)的字交待清楚，使語句順暢。More ExamplesvHistories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.v We wont retreat, we never have and never will.讀讀史使人明智，史使人明智，讀

9、讀詩詩使人使人靈氣靈氣/聰慧，數(shù)學(xué)聰慧，數(shù)學(xué)使人使人周密周密/嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，科學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，科學(xué)使使人人深刻，倫理深刻，倫理/道德道德使人使人莊重，邏輯修飾莊重，邏輯修飾之學(xué)使人之學(xué)使人善辯。善辯。 我們不會后退，我們從來我們不會后退，我們從來沒有后退過沒有后退過，我們我們將來將來也絕不后退也絕不后退。Automobiles factories were closing down in early 1961.1961年初，汽車工廠年初，汽車工廠紛紛紛紛倒閉。倒閉。Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.物質(zhì)可以轉(zhuǎn)化成能量，能量物質(zhì)可

10、以轉(zhuǎn)化成能量，能量也可以也可以轉(zhuǎn)化成物質(zhì)。轉(zhuǎn)化成物質(zhì)。The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley.群群山開始向山谷投下山開始向山谷投下一道道一道道蔚藍(lán)色長影。蔚藍(lán)色長影。Air pressure decreases with altitude.氣壓隨氣壓隨海拔海拔高度的高度的增加增加而下降。而下降。I was taught tat two sides of a triangle were greater than the third.我學(xué)過三角形的兩邊我學(xué)過三角形的兩邊之和之和大于第三大于第三邊邊。H

11、eated, water will change into vapor.水水如如受熱，受熱，就就會汽化。會汽化。Unless he studies hard, he will never pass the examination.他除非努力學(xué)習(xí)，他除非努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則否則就永遠(yuǎn)不能考及格。就永遠(yuǎn)不能考及格。Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.野心不僅是罪惡的根源，也是毀滅的野心不僅是罪惡的根源，也是毀滅的根源根源。Avoid using this computer in extreme cold, heat, dust

12、 or humidity.不要在過冷，不要在過冷，過過熱，灰塵熱，灰塵過過重，濕度重，濕度過過大的情況下使用此電腦。大的情況下使用此電腦。My work, my family and my friends were more than enough to fill my time.我干干工作，做做家務(wù)， 朋友往來，這些占用了我的全部時(shí)間。With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism.中國人民正在以多么高的高的熱情建設(shè)社會主義啊She was walking in the street alone, weary an

13、d ragged.她獨(dú)自一人走在大街上,面容面容憔悴，衣衫襤褸衣衫襤褸A stream was winding its way through the valley into the river. 一彎一彎溪水蜿蜒流過山谷，匯合到江里去了。This was a complete lie.那是一派派胡言。Dont take it seriously. Im just making fun of you. 不要認(rèn)真嘛，我只不過開開玩笑罷了（而已）。She came to the school in 1998. She had taught English in two schools. 在那以前T

14、he old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.曾經(jīng)Note that the words “sense” and “sensitivity” are different. 兩個(gè)兩個(gè)詞不同Paragraph Translation PracticeParagraph Translation Practicev Her face had latterly changed with changing Her face had latterly changed with changing states of mind, cont

15、inually fluctuating between states of mind, continually fluctuating between beauty and ordinariness, according as the beauty and ordinariness, according as the thoughts were gay or grave. One day she was thoughts were gay or grave. One day she was pink and flawless; another pale and tragical. pink a

16、nd flawless; another pale and tragical. When she was pink she was feeling less than When she was pink she was feeling less than when pale; her more perfect beauty accorded when pale; her more perfect beauty accorded with her less elevated mood; her more intense with her less elevated mood; her more

17、intense mood with her less perfect beauty. It was her mood with her less perfect beauty. It was her best face physically that was now set against best face physically that was now set against the south wind.the south wind. Versions Appreciationv譯文譯文1 1： 她近來的面貌，跟著她的心境變換：心境有時(shí)她近來的面貌，跟著她的心境變換：心境有時(shí)憂郁，有時(shí)快

18、活，面目也隨著有時(shí)平常，有時(shí)美憂郁，有時(shí)快活，面目也隨著有時(shí)平常，有時(shí)美麗。有的時(shí)候，她就嬌妍完美；另有的時(shí)候，她麗。有的時(shí)候，她就嬌妍完美；另有的時(shí)候，她就灰白、凄楚。她臉上嬌妍的時(shí)候，她就不像她就灰白、凄楚。她臉上嬌妍的時(shí)候，她就不像她臉上灰白的時(shí)候那樣多愁善感；臉上灰白的時(shí)候那樣多愁善感；她更完美的美麗，她更完美的美麗，和她較為輕松的心情，互相協(xié)調(diào)；她更緊張的心和她較為輕松的心情，互相協(xié)調(diào)；她更緊張的心情，和她比較稍差的美麗互相融合?，F(xiàn)在迎著南情，和她比較稍差的美麗互相融合?，F(xiàn)在迎著南風(fēng)而擺出來的那副面孔，正是她的形體方面表現(xiàn)風(fēng)而擺出來的那副面孔，正是她的形體方面表現(xiàn)得恰到好處的那一種。得恰到好處的那一種。-語句讀來拗口，表達(dá)欠流暢，欠通順，且表義不語句讀來拗口，表達(dá)欠流暢，欠通順，且表義不清。清。 德伯家的苔絲人民文學(xué)出版社v 譯文譯文2 2 近來她的面容總是