英語聽力入門step-by-step-3000第一冊答案及原文（精編版）

1、.unit 1 part ia1. oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,0008. located / 135

2、 / third b1. 2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2. official / language3. one billion / 20 percent4. four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5. 500,000 words / eighty percent / other6. eighty percent / computers7. african country / same8. 1,000 / africa9.

3、spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the united states c1 (a)2 ( c)3 ( d)4 (b )all right, class. today we re going to be looking at different language learning styles. you may besurprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than t

4、he others. researchers have identifiedfour basic learner “typesthe communicativelearner, the analyticallearner, the authority-orientedlearner and the concrete learner. communicativelearners like to learn by watching and listeningto native speakers. at home, they like to learn by watching tv and vide

5、os. they like to learn new words by hearing them. in class, they like to learn by having conversations. now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by lookingat pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listeningto cassettes at home and school. now, authority-oriented learners

6、, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. they like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to havea textbook. they like to learn new words by seeing them. and finally, we have analytical learners. these learners like to learn by studying grammar. at home, they l

7、ike to learn by studying english books, and they like to study by themselves. they like to find their own mistakes. now, of course,it s unusual fora person to be exclusivelyone “type rather than another. mostofus aremixtures of styles. what type of learner do you think you are? part iia3gcse examina

8、tions students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / collegegeneral exam / school certificate sitting university entrance examinationbachelors degree: 3/ 4 years masters degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearswell, in britain, from the ages of five to about eleven

9、 you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take gcse examinations. after this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. others stay on at school for another two years to take a leve

10、ls. and at the age of eighteen, after alevels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that s usually for three years.well, it depends on what state you re in but most kids in the united states start school at about sixwhen they go t

11、o elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. some50 / 54kids go to a kindergarten the year before that. then they go on to junior high school, thats about eleven, and thats the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. and then they go on to senior high school around age fou

12、rteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing inthe twelfth grade usually. somestudents will leave school at sixteen and theyll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. in the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen , inthe secon

13、d theyre called “sophomores , inthe thirdyear we callthem “juniors and in the fourth year theyre called “seniors. now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. some of them mightgo to junior college which is a two-year course.well, i

14、n australia,well most states anyway, children start their primaryeducation at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. they will stay at primary school until theyre about eleven, then theyll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. then they start high school

15、usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. now, after three years athigh school you sit a general exam, some states call it school certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. after that you can leave school at sixteen or yo

16、u can go on and sit your universityentrance examination,which then gives youentr eéinto a universityor it s another useful qualification,and from then on you go to varioussorts of higher education.education in canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered bylocal school bo

17、ards.kindergartenis forchildrenwhoare fouror fiveyears old.childrenbegin formalfull-day schooling in grade 1, when they are about six years old. they must stay in school at least untilthey are sixteen. however,most students continue to finish high school. some go to college or university.each year o

18、fschoolingrepresents one grade. (the school year extends fromthe beginning of september to the end of june.) elementary school includes kindergarten to about grade 8. secondary school (or high school) may start in grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until grade 12.in canada, students may go t

19、o university or to a community college. if they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. for example,lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. universities offer degree programs as well as training

20、professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.universities offer three main levels of degrees. students earn a bachelor s degree after three orfour years of study. a master s degree can take another year or two. a doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.b1idioms / vocabulary

21、 / french / spelling / pronunciation b21. f2. t3. fi interviewerp professori:andnowwe have an interviewwithprofessor j. t. lingo,professor oflinguisticsat chimouniversity, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching english. good morning, professor lingo.p: good morning.i: i und

22、erstand that teaching english is becoming“big business all around the world. p: it seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.i: why is that?p: with the move toward a global economy, english has become the most widely used language in the world. it is the language of business, aviation,

23、 science and international affairs and people find that they must learn english to compete in those fields.i: and do people find english an easy language to learn?p: well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. english is such a hodgepodge of differentlangua

24、gesit s essentially germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from french, and technical words stem from latin and greek. this feature makes english fairly adaptable which is a good thing for a world languagebut it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.i: english spelling baffles me, to

25、o.p: english also has the largest vocabulary. often there are words for the same thing, one is anglo-saxon and one from the french like “buy which is anglo-saxon and “purchase which is from the french. the french word often has more prestige.i: anglo-saxon?p: that s the word for old english. the nor

26、man conquest in 1066 brought the french language to britain and helped english evolve into the english it is today.i: is there anything else particularly difficult about english?p: well, the idioms in informal english pose a problem for some students. i: informal english?p: as with any language, the

27、re are different varieties: slang, colloquial. formal, written, as well as the different dialects british, american and canadian english.i: and how is canadian english different from american and british?p: canadian english is closer to american in pronunciation and idiom. some of our words and ours

28、pellings do reflect british usage, however. we wouldnt use the british term“l(fā)orry for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r spellings in words such as “honour and “colour .i: this has been very interesting.i m afraid we re out of time. it has been a pleasure talking to you.partiiiuniversity lifea1i. ag

29、e / foreign student populationii. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab)/ discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrtoday i d like to give you some idea about how life at an american university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. to be sure, the stude

30、nt body on a u. s. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. first of all, you willfind students of all ages. althoughmost students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionallyin their 60s and 70s. students on a u.s. campus come froma wide

31、varietyof socioeconomic backgrounds. many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time.many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others liveat home. some colleges and universities have a very diverse student populati

32、onwithmany racialand ethnic minorities.some schools have a fairlylarge foreign student population.so you can see that one meets all kinds ofpeople on a u.s. college or university campus. now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population,i d like to talk a few minutes about

33、 what i think an average student is and then discuss with youwhat a typical class might be like.lets begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. of course, such a person never really exists, but still it s convenient to talk about an “average student for ourpurposes.

34、 foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared american students are when they enter a university. actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. schools in t

35、he states simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. also, most young american universitystudents have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versedin internationalmatters and do not know a lotabout people from other countries. foreign students usually fin

36、dthem friendlybut not very well-informedabout their countries or cultures.what kind of academic experiences willthis so-called “average student have? the averageundergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. if her or she takes a class that has a laboratory,

37、thiswillrequiretoworthree morehours.many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. however, many of these classes willhave small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once aweek. in these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discus

38、sion to help classify points in the lectures. other kinds of classes for example, language classes will be much smaller so that students can practice language. in general, americanprofessors are informaland friendlywiththeir students, and, as much as possible, they expect and inviteparticipationinth

39、e formof discussion. a large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they dont understand. as a rule of thumb, students spend tw

40、o to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. american professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems inthe class.a2 ii. examinations / quizzesiii. graduate school / seminars / some area of interest / a rese

41、arch paperlets move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical american class. these obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. a syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. a good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions

42、 all the topics to be covered in class. it will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. an average university course of one semester might have three examinations ortwo examinations and a paper. the dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover sh

43、ould be on the syllabus. if a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. the professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, eitherannounced orunannounced. for students comingfroma system wherethere isone examination in each subject at

44、the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first.by the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. perhaps you come from a system whereattendance is optional.generally spea

45、king, americanprofessors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. all this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor s office number and office hours.i have only a couple of hours left, andi d like to use them to talk about how graduate sc

46、hool issomewhat differentfromundergraduate school. ofcourse, it s much more difficultto enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, withregularly sched

47、uled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. in a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. another possibility in graduate classes is that in additionto readings done by a

48、ll students, each student may also be expected to workindependently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned.usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.i hope th

49、at today s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an american campus andthat you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.b2to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ working outside the classroom passive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be ri

50、ght than himselfhow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or dont do in theclassroom?hes eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether itbe a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.hes interested in the mi

51、stakes he makes, hes not afraid to make them. hes not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?he plays with language.i ve done this chapter i know this, withouttryingto experiment at all, withoutreallytesting himself.hes usually passive, he won t speak up much in the classroom. he ll

52、rarely ask you why this just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn t do anything more with it.and in a test he s the one person who s likely to suddenly realize that he wasnt too sure about that after all.and peep over at his neighbor s paper.an alternative learning strategy.he invariably deci

53、des that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. thats the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.that characterizes the good or bad learner?hell do more off his own bat as well, he wont rely entirely on the teacher. hell work outside the class

54、room as well as in it.students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.part iv university campusa2. the history department3. the psychology department4. the library5. the education department6. the philosophy department7. the geography departmen

55、t8. the sports ground9. the foreign languages department10. the chinese department11. the physics department12. the mathematics department13. the chemistry department14. the clinic15. the auditorium16. the administrationbuildinglook at the map. at the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). now locat

56、e 16. it is between the river and the lake, close to the main road. the building behind the administration is 15. where is 4? it s on the right-hand side of themain road, close to the river. across the main road from thelibrary, the building by the river is 5. the first building on the left-hand sid

57、e of the main road is7. 6 is between the education and the geography. the building at the end of the main road is 12.on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the main road. the building between the chinese department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the main road. next to the history department is 3. and last, 8 is behind the education, philosophy and geography dep