必修五第五單元語法經(jīng)典薈萃5頁

1、Module 5 The Great Sports PersonalityGrammar :狀語從句 時(shí)間狀語從句 地點(diǎn)狀語從句 狀語從句的類型 原因狀語從句 條件狀語從句 目的狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句 方式狀語從句讓步狀語從句比較狀語從句一.時(shí)間狀語從句在句中起時(shí)間狀語作用的句子成為時(shí)間狀語從句，可位于句中、句首、句末，常用引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：when, while, as, after, before, since, ever since, till, until, as soon as, once1、while, when, as 的用法（1）when用得最廣，常可代替 while

2、與 as，與 while比較，when 所引導(dǎo)的 從句，動(dòng)詞既可是延續(xù)性的；也可以是終止的；as在這一點(diǎn)與 when相同， while引導(dǎo)的從句；動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)的。例： When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping sound. The telephone rang while I was taking a bath.Notes:在時(shí)間狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)；用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)。例： When you get there ,ring me up. Dont forget to bring your cam

3、era here when you come.（2）兩個(gè)表示時(shí)間延續(xù)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生而又具有對比意義時(shí)，我們用while,在這樣的復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)是相同的（通常）。例如： Father was preparing a report while I was playing PC game. While I played the piano, my sister did her homework.(3) 表述兩個(gè)發(fā)展變化中的情況時(shí)常用“as”.例如：As he talked on, he got more and more excited. As you grow older, youll

4、 know better and better about yourself.（4）表示“ 一邊。一邊。”時(shí)，常用“as”例如：They talked as they walked along the river.(邊走邊讀)（5）表示隨著短暫動(dòng)作的發(fā)生，另一行為伴隨發(fā)生時(shí)，常用“as”例如：My cap was blown away as I sat down.2、until和 till的用法（可以互用） （1）until、 till 指的是某一持續(xù)性行為持續(xù)到某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)，對于終止性動(dòng)詞需要用動(dòng)詞的否定形式。例如：Ill wait untiltill the concert is over.

5、My uncle didnt marry until he was 45.(2)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式則表示到某一點(diǎn)這一行為才開始。例如：Until the manager returns ,nothing can be done.Note: Not until all the fish had died did the farmer realize how serious the pollution was.3.since 的用法(1) since表示自某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)以來，常用完成時(shí)態(tài)或完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，在強(qiáng)調(diào)語意時(shí)since 前可加ever。主句可用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞必須強(qiáng)

6、調(diào)動(dòng)作的頻度或多次、多個(gè)。如：Great changes have taken place since you left this city.I have returned home twice since I settled down in the USA.不可說成：I have returned home since I settled down in the USA.They have been living happily ever since they got married.（2）Since引導(dǎo)的從句中，若是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，往往理解為某一狀態(tài)的終止。Its been a year si

7、nce I worked here.（我不在這里工作已經(jīng)一年了）。（3）it is.since和it has been since ;it seemssince.和it fells since例如： It is has been a few years since we last met. it seems feels a long time since we parted.辨析：since 和 ever since 二者可用作副詞，意為“自那以來”。 “since”修飾的主句一般不用終止性動(dòng)詞，除非表示動(dòng)詞的頻率?！癳ver since”更加強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直，他所修飾的主句謂語動(dòng)詞不能

8、為終止性動(dòng)詞。例如： I bought the book last month and I have read it twice since. I graduated from that school 10 years ago. I havent been there ever since.4. before的用法：一般情況下，before表示“在。之前”，有時(shí)譯為：“才?！眅g: I must finish this letter before i go home. The train had already left before i arrived.5.名詞短語引導(dǎo)的狀語從句常用的這類名

9、詞短語有：the time , the moment, the minute, the day, the year, the first/second time, by the time , each time, every time, next time, any time例如：The day he returned home ,his father was already dead .Every time I see him ,he is working hard.6. by the time 用法這個(gè)詞組常用來指到某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)為止，主句常用完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如： By the time he w

10、as 12, he had traveled to 30 countries. By the time I graduate next year, I will have lived here for 5 years.若主句是“be” 的系表形式或像know 等表示“認(rèn)知”的持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則往往用一般時(shí)態(tài)。如：By the time he went abroad , he was fifteen.7.表示“一就”引導(dǎo)詞的用法。常表達(dá)“一就”的時(shí)間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：as soon as , immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner than ,hard

11、ly.when.例如： No sooner had I began to talk than he rang off.=I had no sooner began to talk than he rang off.例如： Hardly had I told him my name when he stopped listening=I had hardly told him.Note:除了以上表示時(shí)間的從句外，還可用非時(shí)間狀語從句的形式。 動(dòng)詞的ing 形式。如：Having checked all the answers, I turned my papers in . at. :常用于at

12、 the thought of (一想到。就。)， at the touch of (一摸到。就。)等結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：At the news， she burst into tears. on doing on sth例如：On her arrival at the countrysideOn arriving at the countryside , she felt a gust of cool air around herself.Note: 以上表達(dá)中，on doing結(jié)構(gòu)表示“一。就?！保部捎胐oing 或when doing 結(jié)構(gòu)；但動(dòng)作沒有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊二.地點(diǎn)狀語從句：在句中作地點(diǎn)狀

13、語的從句稱為地點(diǎn)狀語從句，可置于句首、句中、句末。地點(diǎn)狀語的從句的用法：常用的引導(dǎo)詞有where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere 等。例如： We live where the road crosses the river. You can go anywhere you like. Where there is a will, there is a way.三.原因狀語從句在句中作原因狀語的從句稱為原因狀語從句，可位于句首、句尾。引導(dǎo)詞：單詞引導(dǎo)詞because, as , since 等。 短語引導(dǎo)詞 now that, in that ，

14、seeing that, for the reason that等。1.because, as , since, 用法（1）because 語氣最強(qiáng)，用以回答why 引起的提問，可和強(qiáng)調(diào)詞only, merely, just及否定詞not連用。常用于主句之后，只有強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)才位于主句之前，還可以用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： He was absent from school because he was ill. He was published only because he broke the law. It was because I wanted to see my uncle that I we

15、nt to town yesterday.(2)as 從句之前不可用強(qiáng)調(diào)詞和“not”,且不可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)；as 從句多位于主句之前。例：As it was a public holiday, all the shops were shut.(3)since:既然前不可用強(qiáng)調(diào)詞和not， 也不可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，多用于主句之前。例：Since everyone makes mistakes, you shouldnt always criticize him.Note：for 是一個(gè)等立連詞，連接并列句， 用來做附加說明，一般把“for”引起的句子放在某一句子之后。例：lets stay home

16、 , for its raining hard outside.2.now that 的用法例如：Now (that) you understand ,I dont need to explain again. 3.for the reason that 的用法，that 后是一個(gè)同位語從句，解釋說明reason的內(nèi)容。 例： I often go to the concert for the reason that I love music.4.in that 的用法，常用于書面語中， 表示某種原因。例：I prefer the country in that theres fresh ai

17、r.5.be happy that , be glad that 等中的that 從句中有時(shí)也被認(rèn)為是原因狀語從句。四目的狀語從句在句中做目的狀語的從句稱為目的狀語從句。可位于句首、句中、句末。1、in order that, so that用法： so that往往只用于句尾；也有用于句首的；so that 短語有時(shí)可以省略 that， in order that 可用于句首、句尾。例：I hurried through my work in order that I could be in time for wonderful TV programmes.Note:在目的狀語從句中常含有情

18、態(tài)動(dòng)詞：maymightwillwould等。例如：Take this medicine so that you can recover soon.2、for fear(that) 用法：唯恐；以防例如：Im working hard for fear(that) I should fail.3、in case 的用法：以防，以免例如：Take a hat with you in case the weather is hot.五結(jié)果狀語從句在句中做結(jié)果狀語的從句叫做結(jié)果狀語從句。一般用于句尾。1.so that 的用法：既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，在引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)，常含

19、有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，而引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)很少出現(xiàn)。that 有時(shí)可以省略。例如：We arrived early in the morning , so (that) we caught the first train.2、so. that.的用法：常用4種句型（1）so + adj. + that.eg: The test was so boring that I gave up reading it half way through.(2) so + adv. +that。eg: He drove so carelessly that he almost lost his life.(3) so

20、many few much little (少的) + 相應(yīng)形式的名詞+that.eg: He made so many mistakes that he failed the exam again.(4) so+ 動(dòng)詞 + that eg : It so happened that he didnt receive my invitation.3、such.that. 的用法：常見4種（1）such + aan +adj + 可單+ thateg: I was such a terrible day that we couldnt go out to play.(2) such + adj

21、+ 可復(fù) + thateg: They are such good children that we all love them. (3)such+adj+不可數(shù)名詞+thateg : This was such fine music that it was worth listening to twice.4.that的用法:有時(shí)that 本身也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。eg; What have we done that you should be so angry with us.Note:為了強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞或副詞，可把so或such提于句首，主句用倒裝語序。eg: So exited was h

22、e that he could not fall into sleep. Such was his worry that he couldnt go on with his work.六.條件狀語從句在句中作條件狀語的從句可稱為條件狀語從句。可位于句首、句尾、主謂之間。常用的引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless, asso long as, once, in case, on condition that, supposing(that), providing(that), provided(that), given(that)eg: If it snows tomorrow, we will bui

23、ld a snowman.Youll be late again unless you hurry.Note:在條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)七.讓步狀語從句在句中作讓步狀語的從句稱為讓步狀語從句?？晌挥诰涫?、中、尾。1.thoughalthough(正式)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)， 主句可用yet 或still 引出，更加強(qiáng)調(diào)對比性，但不可用but。有時(shí)though也用于倒裝句型。在as though , even though 中一般不可用although替代， 同時(shí)although不可當(dāng)副詞用而though則可以。eg: (1) Although Thou

24、gh she works very hard, (yet/still) she makes very slow progress. (2) Young though she is , she has travelled to many countries to put on shows.(3) Ive a bit of headache. Its nothing much, though.2.even though even if 用法。：語氣更強(qiáng)的讓步。eg: Even though the learning is slow and painful , the rest is wonderf

25、ul.3.as 用法：讓步時(shí)常倒裝，倒裝時(shí)如若有帶冠詞的名詞冠詞常省略，這種用法與though 倒裝時(shí)用法一致。eg: Pop star as though she is, she still needs to improve.4.whether()or not whetheror用法。eg: All the nations should be equal, whether they are strong or not.5.whever 類的用法eg:Ill wait for you however late it is.=Ill wait for you no matter how late

26、 it is.Note: 英語中why /whether 不能和ever 連用八.比較狀語從句在句中作比較狀語的從句稱為比較狀語從句。一般位于句尾。常與引導(dǎo)詞：as.as, not asso.as, than, the+ 比。，the +比1. 同級比較的用法：asas.結(jié)構(gòu)eg: There are as many people in our town as there are in your town.2.不同級比較：not as so .as 結(jié)構(gòu)eg: His handwriting is not as /so good as yours(is).3. 差級或高級比較：。thaneg:

27、 He was more successful than we had expected.4.比較關(guān)系“狀從”the + 比較級 ， the + 比較級eg: The sooner you are back , the better it will be.九.方式狀語從句在句中作方式狀語的從句稱為方式狀語從句。位于句尾、中。常用的連接詞：as, as if, as though, the way等1as 的用法：正如，像eg: Will you do the experiment as I am doing?Note:在美國英語中表示“像?！鼻液蟾渥訒r(shí)，as與like有混用現(xiàn)象。eg: Yo

28、u should do like as I do.2.as if/ as though 的用法 (1) 二者引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句所表示的情況是事實(shí)或具有很大的可能性時(shí)，通常用陳述語氣。（2）若方式狀語的情況不是事實(shí)，通常用虛擬語氣。現(xiàn)在的情況用過去時(shí)態(tài)，過去的情況用過去完成時(shí)。eg: The boss speaks aloud as if he is angry. The boss speaks aloud as if he were angry. The injured man acted as if nothing had happened to him.十狀語從句的省略省略原則：主、從句中的主語一致，可把從句中的主謂和謂語的一部分或全部省略。1時(shí)間狀語從句中的省略。eg: When (she was )very young, she began to learn