漢英翻譯考試復(fù)習(xí)材料

1、漢英翻譯考試復(fù)習(xí)材料漢英翻譯考試復(fù)習(xí)材料漢語詞語和英語詞語之間不存在機械的對應(yīng)，翻譯中不能隨意把某個漢語詞和某個英語詞劃上等號。發(fā)展水平levelofdevelopment英語水平Englishproficiency生活水平livingstandard游泳水平swimmingskills領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平 art of leadership使你的工作保持在高水平上Keep your work on a high plane.把我們的素質(zhì)提高到一個新的水平to raise our quality to anew height住房緊張housingshortage歷史經(jīng)驗pastexperience這家工廠

2、只有幾年的歷史。This factorywas set up only a fewyears.他主要抓生產(chǎn)。 He is mainly in charge of production.他抓緊時間進行技術(shù)訓(xùn)練。 He lost no time in technical training. 這部電影抓住了許多觀眾。 The movie appealed to a lotof audience.抓重點 stress the essentials關(guān)心人民生活to care about the living of the people關(guān)心局勢發(fā)展 to follow the developments c

3、losely issues of mutual interest共同關(guān)心的問題我們關(guān)心中國是否能保持持續(xù)發(fā)展。 whether China will be able toWe would like to knowachieveasustainable2016 全新精品資料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指導(dǎo)寫作獨家原創(chuàng)1/15development.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對兩國關(guān)系的發(fā)展非常關(guān)心。 Our leaders have taken interest in the development of our bilateral relations.在這種情況下 under these/such circumst

4、ances; such being the case; in accordance with this specific condition這種情況必須改變。This state of affairs must change.現(xiàn)在情況不同了。Now things are different.他們的情況怎么樣？ How do matters stand with them?前線有什么情況？ How is the situation at the front?前面有情況，做好戰(zhàn)斗準備。Theres enemy activity ahead.Prepare for combat. 他問起了我的健康情

5、況。 He inquiredaftermyhealth.可是在其他地方，情況卻完全兩樣了。But the pictureoutsidethis place is quite another story.我們可能去那兒，那得看情況而定。 Wemay go there,but thatdepends. (italldepends.)西方輿 論紛 紛預(yù) 測 。 The westernpresshas much tosayinprediction.西部的礦產(chǎn)很豐富。The west of China is rich inminerals.我國的經(jīng)濟建設(shè)需要一個和平的國際環(huán)境。construction,

6、ChinaneedsapeacefulFor its economic internationalenvironment.如 蒙 早 日 寄 來 樣 品 或 產(chǎn) 品 冊 ，不 勝 感 激 。 Itwouldbe2016 全新精品資料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指導(dǎo)寫作獨家原創(chuàng)2/15appreciated if samples or brochure could be soon forwarded tous.事實雄辯地證明了 有志 者事竟成 。 The factseloquentlydemonstrate that there is a will, there is a way.語言中的搭配搭配

7、的形式主要是任意的， 并不依賴意義，一種語言內(nèi)部是這樣，同樣語言之間也是這樣。 通過英漢雙語比較可以清楚的觀察到這種非對應(yīng)性。濃茶strongtea濃墨ink濃煙dense smok 濃眉heavyeyebrows1car濃云青山開船thick cloud green hil set sail濃霧 dense fog青天 bluesky 青布 black開機器 start a machinecloth開車drivea上自行車get on a bike上飛機board a plane上山 go up(mount)a hill老毛病a chronicailment老部下a formersubord

8、inate老工人a veteranworker老式樣old-fashioned老規(guī)矩traditionalrules老菠菜overgrownspinach打燈籠carrya lantern打起精神raise ones spirits打傘hold up an umbrella學(xué)習(xí)知識acquire(attain)knowledge掌握詞匯possessvocabulary掌握英語master English強硬政策tough policy2016 全新精品資料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指導(dǎo)寫作獨家原創(chuàng)3/15介紹經(jīng)驗pass on experience接受忠告take (accept, adop

9、t ) advice犧牲生命sacrificeones life犧牲假期devote ones holiday實現(xiàn)了自給自足reach self-sufficiency2利用意義與形式都相似的習(xí)語翻譯這一策略就是利用目的語意義與形式兩個方面同原出語中的習(xí)語在這兩個方面都大致對等的習(xí)語進行翻譯， 這種對等只可遇而不可求。披著羊皮的狼 a wolf in sheeps clothing混水摸魚 to fishin troubled waters咬牙切齒to grind ones teeth 找麻煩to look for trouble充耳不聞 to turn a deaf ear to晴天霹靂bo

10、ltfrom the blue 破釜沉舟 toburn ones boats冷若冰霜 ascold as ice潑冷水 to pour cold water on趁熱打鐵 tostrike while the iron is hot翻開新的一頁 to turn over a newleaf火上澆油 to pour oil on the flame騎虎難下 to ride atiger輕如鴻毛 as light as a feather打滿分 to give someonefull marks for如坐針氈 to sit on pins and needles鐵碗手段with an iron

11、hand以眼還眼，以牙還牙 an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth謀事在人，成事在天 Man proposes, heaven disposes.他們占了三天，不是夾起尾巴逃跑了。 They lastedthree days,then put their2016 全新精品資料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指導(dǎo)寫作獨家原創(chuàng)4/15tails between their legs and ran!保存原習(xí)語的形象在確保不會引起讀者錯誤聯(lián)想又能傳達原義的情況下可以考慮進行異化翻譯，從而保留原習(xí)語的形象。他一家子在這兒，他的房子、地在這兒，他跑？跑了和尚跑不了廟。Es

12、cape?But his homeand propertycant escape.The monkmay run away, but the temple cant run with him.咳！這一來，竹籃子打水一場空了！Ah! We were drawing water in a bamboo basket.啞巴吃黃連，有苦說不出The dumb man eats the bitterherb:he had to suffer the bitterness of it in silence.瞎子點燈白費蠟 as useless as a blind man lighting a candl

13、e 丈八的臺燈照見人家，照不見自己 a ten-foot lamp stand that sheds light on others but none on itself出生牛犢不怕虎。New-born calves make little of tigers.盲人國中，獨眼稱雄。In the countryof the blindthe one-eyedman is king.留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。As long as green hills remains,there ll never be a shortage of firewood.利用目的語中意義相同形象不同的習(xí)語翻譯在目的語中找

14、到意義相同但形式不同的習(xí)語往往是可能的。金蟬脫殼 throwsb offthe scent健壯如牛 as strongas a horse掌2016 全新精品資料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指導(dǎo)寫作獨家原創(chuàng)5/15上明珠 theapple of ones eye 昭然若揭 as clearas the sun atmidday 木已成舟 What s been done can t be undone.血流如注bleed like a pig本末倒置 put the cart before the horse一貧如洗 as poor as Church mouse外柔內(nèi)剛 an iron fis

15、t in avelvet glove鬼鬼祟祟 in this hole-andcorner fashion占上風(fēng) get the upper hand丁是丁，卯是卯 put on the screws 虛張聲勢 cry wolf入鄉(xiāng)隨俗 do as the Romans do非驢非馬neither fish nor fowl天涯何處無芳草There are many fish in the sea.江山易改，本性難移The leopard cant change its spots.3人以類聚，物以群分likeattractslike;birdsofa featherflocktogether

16、欲加治罪，何患無詞A stickisquicklyfound tobeat a dog with.亡羊補牢Shut the stable door when the horsehas bolted只許州官放火，不許百姓點燈 One manmaysteal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.欲蓋彌彰 To try to put a patch upon it and be worse off.一個和尚挑水吃， 兩個和尚抬水吃， 三個和尚沒水吃。 Oneboy isa boy, two boys half a boy, three

17、 boys no boy.進行解釋性翻譯漢語習(xí)語在英語中可能找不到對等語，或者于原出語與目的語對2016 全新精品資料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指導(dǎo)寫作獨家原創(chuàng)6/15于文體偏好的差異， 運用習(xí)語性語言翻譯就會不得體，在這種情況下運用解釋性翻譯是迄今為止最常見的翻譯方法。鴉雀無聲 to beutterly quiet揚眉吐氣 to feel proud and elated單槍匹馬to be single-handed in doing sth.畏首畏尾over-cautious萬古流芳 will be remembered throughout the age做工精細fine workman

18、ship家喻戶曉to be widely known杞人憂天unnecessary anxiety相形見絀pale by comparison功敗垂成 suffer defeat on the verge of victory前功盡棄 all one s previous efforts wasted飽經(jīng)風(fēng)霜weather-beaten碰一鼻子灰being snubbe4塞翁失馬，安知非福？A loss may turn out to be a gain.不到黃河心不死not stop until one reaches ones goal但我的事現(xiàn)在搞得滿城風(fēng)雨，人人皆知了。But ther

19、e had beentoo much publicity about my case.省略性翻譯漢語中有大量的四字語，屬于并列的對偶結(jié)構(gòu)。對此類漢語習(xí)語通?？刹捎霉?jié)譯法，即省去并列重復(fù)的部分， 保留它的 基本 喻意。深情厚意profoundfeeling精疲力竭exhaustion愁眉苦臉gloomyface不學(xué)無術(shù)uneducated2016 全新精品資料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指導(dǎo)寫作獨家原創(chuàng)7/15長吁短嘆sign deeply斷子絕孫die sonless赤手空拳bare-handed鋪天蓋地overwhelmingly如膠似漆dote on each other土崩瓦解fall a

20、part街談巷議street gossip高談闊論speak with fervor and assurance應(yīng)探索各種途徑和手段促進兒童的語言發(fā)展。Various channels should be explored to promote the language development of children. 他們要到海外看望家人和親屬。 They are going to visit their relatives overseas.我們要建立充滿生機與活力的經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)。We will establish avigorous economic structure.為了確保這兩種產(chǎn)品順

21、利轉(zhuǎn)換和成功交接，科研人員將繼續(xù)與企業(yè)合作。The scientific the enterprise toresearchers ensure thatwill continue to cooperate with the transfer of the two productsproceeds smoothly.這家航空公司需要加強改進和完善運行機制。Theairlinecompanyshould makeintensiveeffortsto changetheirway ofoperation.中國的熊貓保護區(qū)China sPandaReserves英語中有些名詞既可以用作可數(shù)名詞又可用

22、作不可數(shù)名詞，翻譯時尤其要注意。對失敗一方來說，講和條件通常是苛刻的。The (terms; term) of the peace were usually hard for the2016 全新精品資料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指導(dǎo)寫作獨家原創(chuàng)8/15defeated side.多年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗，幫助我改變了主意。Years ofteaching (experiences;experience)has helped meto change my mind.我想今后不會有太多的金融機構(gòu)破產(chǎn)，也許就沒有了。Idon texpecttoseetoomany (bankruptcycases;bank

23、ruptcies)of financialfirmsin the future,and maybetherewill be none.在他的干預(yù)下，進行了不少盲目的重復(fù)建設(shè)。Under his indiscriminateintervention and duplicatedtherehave(constructions;beenalotofconstructionprojects)漢語沒有時和體的形式范疇， 不是通過改變動詞的形式來表達時和體的區(qū)別。如有必要時間參照是通過增加一些副詞的方式表達出來。當語境要求把時間關(guān)系清楚地表達出來時，漢語的典型表達方式可以通過以下例句顯示出來。他現(xiàn)在在北京

24、工作。 He is working inPeking.他當時在北京工作。 He was working in Peking.這一吸引人的黑白相間的動物為人們所廣泛地喜愛。作為世界自然基金會的標記，熊貓已經(jīng)成為中國和國際性自然保護努力的象征。This attractive black and white mammalhas widespread human appeal and has become a symbol for conservation efforts bothwithin China and internationally as the symbol of 52016 全新精品資

25、料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指導(dǎo)寫作獨家原創(chuàng)9/15The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).如果她更用功些，她就會學(xué)得更好。She(isgoing to;will)dobetterinher studiesifshe worksharder.電影已經(jīng)開始十分鐘了。The film has been on for ten minutes.已經(jīng)上課十分鐘了。The class has been going on for ten minutes.那本英語書他已丟了三天了。He lost his English book three days ago.圖書館已經(jīng)開門半

26、小時了。The library has been open for half an hour.中國人民不用多久就會變得富裕起來。Itwont be long before the Chinese people becomewell off.我們某些產(chǎn)品應(yīng)該說已經(jīng)達到先進水平。Some ofour products oughtto be said tohave reachedadvanced levels.等我們的老師從國外回來，我們就要做完我們的工作了。We shall have finished our work by the time our teacherreturns from abr

27、oad. xx 年來，中國的科學(xué)家們?yōu)樽鎳龀隽素暙I。 In the past twenty years, the Chinese scientists have done great service to their motherland.這項工作完成多久了。How long has the work been done?他遭到了鄰居們的嘲笑。He was laughed at by his neighbors.2016 全新精品資料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指導(dǎo)寫作獨家原創(chuàng)10/15希望你有機會來中國訪問。It is hoped that you will have achance to

28、visit China. The construction這座橋?qū)⒃诮衲昴甑捉ǔ?。of the bridgewillbe completedby the endof this year.有些問題還需要澄清。Certain questions have yetto be clarified.這個問題正在研究。The problem is now beingstudied.中美已經(jīng)建立了外交關(guān)系。Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the United States of America.口試時，問了十個問題，她

29、都答對了。She was asked ten questions in the oral exam and answeredevery one of them correctly.來賓請出示入場券。Visitors arerequested to show their tickets.請你 給我 們表演 一個節(jié) 目。 You arerequestedtogiveaperformance.請全系教師和干部于星期三下午二時在會議室集合，聽報告。Allteachersand cadres of the Department are requested tomeet in the conference

30、 room at 2:00 on Wednesday to hear aspeech.應(yīng)該說，情況基本上是健康的。It should be said that thesituation is basically sound.據(jù)謠傳，那場事故是于玩忽職守而造成的。 It rumored that the accident was due to negligence.與語法有關(guān)的其他翻譯問題一、及物與不及物咱們吃飯去吧。2016 全新精品資料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指導(dǎo)寫作獨家原創(chuàng)11/156Lets go and eat.Lets go and eat our meal. 他們在讀書。 The

31、y are reading.They are reading books.我們要在音樂會上演唱。Were going to sing at the concert.We re going to sing songs at the concert.Have you paid money? Have you paid yet?你付錢了嗎？因此在這個問題上我重復(fù)了這么多遍以后，我今天實在不想再講了。Butafter(repeating;repeatingmy answer; repetitions)somany timeson thequestion,I m reallyveryreluctantt

32、o talkabout it any more today.在亞洲的金融風(fēng)暴當中，對香港的影響在今年已經(jīng)陸續(xù)顯現(xiàn)了，尤其是在今年的上半年。Theeffecton HongKong of the financialcrisisin SoutheastAsia has begun (to beshown; toshow), especially in thefirsthalf of this year.Ifthey insist如果今年再提出來，我想也不會有別的結(jié)果。on (re-submitting;re-submittingthe draft)this year, I dont see any

33、 different outcome.二、比較句型今年的產(chǎn)量比去年高。Thisyear s outputis greaterthan thatof lastyear.Thisyear s output is greater than last year.2016 全新精品資料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指導(dǎo)寫作獨家原創(chuàng)12/15中國的人均農(nóng)業(yè)土地面積比不上世界上其他許多國家。Chinas per Capita agriculturalland cannot compare withmany other countries in the world.Chinas per Capita agricu

34、lturalland cannot compare withthat of many other countries in the world.不會取得過去七次會議上的那種結(jié)果。Thepreviousoutcomes would not be different from those seven times. The outcomes would not be differentofthefromthe previous seven times.學(xué)習(xí)外語的方法和學(xué)習(xí)游泳的方法一樣，必須把實踐放到第一位。Theway oflearningforeignlanguagesisthesame asl

35、earning swimming. Practice must be put first.The way of learning foreign languages is the same as thatof learning swimming. Practice must be put first.三、逐詞對譯與語法沖突 歡迎你參加我們商品交易會。 Welcome you to visit out trade fair! Welcome to our trade fair!店主讓我父親一天干16 個小時的活。The shop-owner let father work 16 hours a

36、day.7The shop-owner made father work 16 hours a day.作為一個世界貿(mào)易組織，缺乏中國，沒有中國的參加，我看他很難發(fā)揮作為一個世界貿(mào)易組織的應(yīng)有作用。2016 全新精品資料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指導(dǎo)寫作獨家原創(chuàng)13/15As a world trade organization, I think, WTO without theparticipation of China will be hard to play its due role.As a world trade organization, I think, WTO without theparticipationof Chinawillfindithard to playitsdue role.因為一連幾天在下雨，他只得待在家里。Havingrainedforsuccessivedays, he had to stay at home.As it had rained for successive days, he had to stay at home.一到北京，我的朋友就在機場等著接我。Onairport.arriving at Beijing, my friend was waiting On arriving at Beijing, I