(完整版)第一講_高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解-事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

1、閱讀第 1 講 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)理解題是高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中占比重最大的一類題型 , 這類題旨在考查考生對(duì)事 實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的理解。 主要針對(duì) who, what, which, why, how, when, where 等來(lái)提問(wèn) , 可能只針對(duì)文 章中某一特定的細(xì)節(jié) , 也可能涉及若干個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)?！究季V解讀】1. 從近幾年實(shí)施細(xì)節(jié)題的考查來(lái)看，不僅是數(shù)量增加，而且難度也稍有增加，表現(xiàn)為：答案 需要跨段落搜集信息； 題目設(shè)置順序與全文順序不一致； 題目信息與原文信息表達(dá)方式不一 致。2. 以考查語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力為主，考查語(yǔ)言知識(shí)為輔，考查的側(cè)重點(diǎn)將向語(yǔ)篇能力的運(yùn)用方面傾 斜，要求考生運(yùn)用自己的綜合能力和知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)

2、去解題?！久}規(guī)律】考查理解文章主要細(xì)節(jié)的試題， 命題人一般都是通過(guò)對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)加以改寫(xiě)來(lái)考查準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì) 節(jié)的能力。細(xì)節(jié)題有可能是直接理解題， 但多數(shù)情況下是間接理解題。 要求在理解的基礎(chǔ)上， 通過(guò)思維 將理解的內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化，條理化，比如計(jì)算，排序，選圖等?！久}趨勢(shì)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題呈增多趨勢(shì)。 題目將由簡(jiǎn)單的尋找信息轉(zhuǎn)向多層次細(xì)節(jié)推理綜合， 答案需要 跨段落搜集信息，單純考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的題不太多?！境？键c(diǎn)清單】1. Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?2. What does the writer pay least attention to?

3、3. Choose the right order of the events given in the passage?4. All of the following statements may be true/false except .5. Which of the following is not the result of .?【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】1.語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換 技巧點(diǎn)撥 雖然說(shuō)細(xì)節(jié)題的答案一般可以在文章中直接或間接地找到 , 但是與閱讀材料一模一樣的正 確選項(xiàng)是幾乎沒(méi)有的。而是用不同的詞語(yǔ)或句型表達(dá)相同的意思 , 即語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換。解題時(shí)注意 以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 順序性原則： 一般說(shuō)來(lái) , 題序與其

4、題眼在文章中的順序相同。 如第 53 題的答案 信息會(huì)在第 52 題的答案信息之后。2. 定位信息點(diǎn)： 通過(guò)尋讀法 (scanning), 用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中搜索 , 迅速確定相關(guān)詞句或 信息點(diǎn)所在的位置 , 縮小閱讀范圍。題干中可用來(lái)在文中搜索的關(guān)鍵詞可能是專有名詞、數(shù) 詞、實(shí)體名詞 , 以及這些詞的同義表達(dá)等。3. 理解信息點(diǎn)：在找到關(guān)鍵詞句后 , 要仔細(xì)閱讀 , 準(zhǔn)確理解 , 對(duì)照選項(xiàng) , 看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思 與之最接近。4. 排除干擾項(xiàng)：在作出選擇的過(guò)程中 , 要善于辨別真?zhèn)?, 排除干擾 , 不斷縮小范圍 , 選出正 確答案 , 這就是我們常說(shuō)的排除法。干擾項(xiàng)一般具有以下特征：(1

5、) 杜撰事實(shí) , 無(wú)中生有。文中根本找不到任何相關(guān)信息 , 完全由命題人所捏造。(2) 偷梁換柱 , 以假亂真。 采用原文中的句式和大部分詞匯 , 但換了個(gè)別詞 , 改變了原意或范 圍。(3) 半真半假 , 虛虛實(shí)實(shí)。干擾項(xiàng)與原文相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)部分相同 , 部分相悖。(4) 文不對(duì)題 , 濫竽充數(shù)。干擾項(xiàng)是文中的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié) , 但與題干要求不符。 經(jīng)典例題 In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I h

6、ave found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad be

7、cause those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don' t get to see this soft side ofothers. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending wes'troren gb rdaov ew oer a llow people to s

8、howthe kindness that' s in them.1. The author has discovered that people will feel happy when .A. they offer their helpB. they receive others' helpC. they feel others' kindnessD. they show their weakness2. The author feels sad sometimes because .A. he has a soft heartB. he relies much on

9、 othersC. some people pretend to be kindD. some people fail to see the kindness in others2.是非判斷 技巧點(diǎn)撥 這里的是非判斷題 , 主要是指 true 或 not true, 以及含 except 等詞的這類題。 解答這類題 , 一定要看清 , 是選與文章內(nèi)容相符的選項(xiàng)還是選不相符的選項(xiàng) , 或是選文中沒(méi)有談及的內(nèi) 容。特別注意： NOT true 這類題，要求選出一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng) , 也就是說(shuō) , 有三個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的。 考生千萬(wàn)不要看到一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)時(shí) , 就以為這是要選的正確答案呀 , 這點(diǎn)非常容易出錯(cuò)。

10、 Not true 這類題涉及的信息點(diǎn)跨度大 , 要注意作記號(hào)。 經(jīng)典例題 -Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly.The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the pois

11、oned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.Certain microorganisms（ 微生物 ）cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release （ 釋放 ）poisons that make people sic

12、k.Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processes, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.Some plants and a

13、nimals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small.1.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Food poisoned can make people sic

14、k.B. Food poisoning means death.C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.D. Food poisoning can be serious.2. Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT .A. some chemicalsB. low temperaturesC. some tiny living thingsD. certain natural materials【課堂練習(xí)】【 1 】 For many parents, raising a teenage

15、r is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?A. Bot

16、h can continue for generationsB. Both are about where to draw the lineC. Neither has any clear winnerD. Neither can be put to an end【 2 】 The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian peo

17、ple while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.What were the people asked to do in

18、the study?A. To make a face at each other.B. To get their faces impressive.C. To classify some face pictures.D. To observe the researchers' faces.【 3 】 After World War , the population of most large American cities decreased; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles

19、 and Houston are cities where population shifts （轉(zhuǎn)移） to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their

20、 own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs.Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War ?A. Because older American cities were dying.B. Because they were richer and needed more space.C. Because cities contained the worst pare of society.D. Because they could hardly

21、afford a live in the city.【 4】 When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mother 'sC hinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended n

22、ot to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.Why was the author' s mother poorly s？ervedA. She was unable to speak good English.B. She was often misunderstood.C. She was not clearly heard.D. She was not very polite.【 5 】 It was a village in India. The people were poor. However

23、, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries. Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived. They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog 'lesg s. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so t

24、hey wanted to buy frogs from other places.From paragraph 1 we learn that the villagers .A. worked very hard for centuriesB. dreamed of having a better lifeC. were poor but somewhat contentD. lived a different life from their forefathers【 6 】 During the drier months between December and March hoatzin

25、s fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?ATo find more food.BTo protect the

26、mselves better.C To keep themselves warm.DTo produce their young.【課后鞏固練習(xí)】【 1 】 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usua

27、lly begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning .A. are always accompanied by a feverB. are too common to be notedC. can be noticed within hoursD. can be ignored【 2】 Modern inventions have speed

28、ed up people' s lives amazingly. M-coatorsr cover a hundredmiles in little more than an hour, aircraft cross the world a day, while computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer b

29、oasts（ 吹噓）of saving precious seconds in handling tasks.The new products become more and more time-saving because . .A. our love on speed seems never-ending B. time is limitedC. the prices are increasingly highD. the manufacturers boast a lot【 3】 Too much TV- watching can harm children ' s abilit

30、y to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower

31、on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.According to the California study, the low-scoring group might .A. have watched a lot of TVB. not be interested in mathC. be unable to go to collegeD. have had computers in their bedrooms【 4 】 Her job in travel writing began some eigh

32、t years ago. After getting a PhD in English in Canada, she took a test for Frommer's travel guides, passed it, and got the job. After working at Frommer's, Jarolim worked for a while at Rough Guides in London, then Fodor's, where she fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of

33、 the U.S. that she moved there.Now as a travel writer, she spends one-third of her year on the road. The rest of the time is spent completing her tasks and writing reviews of restaurants at home in Tucson, Arizona. Which country does Jarolim live in now?A. Mexico. B. The U.S.C. The U.KD. Canada【 5 】

34、 Amy Johnson was born on July 1, 1903, in Hull Yorkshire and lived there until she went to Sheffield University in 1923 to read for a BA. After graduating, she moved on to work as a secretary to a London solicitor （律師） where she also became interested in flying. Amy began to learn to fly at the Lond

35、on Aeroplane Club in the winter of 1928-1929 and her hobby soon became an all-consuming determination, not simply to make a career in aviation （航空） ,but to succeed in some projects, which would demonstrate to the world that women could be as competent （能干） as men in hitherto （迄今為止） male dominated fi

36、eld.Her first important achievement, after flying solo, was to qualify as the first British-trained woman ground engineer. For a while she was the only woman G:E. in the world.Early in 1930, she chose her objective: to fly solo （ fly by herself ）to Australia and to beat Bert Hinkler ' s record o

37、f 16 days. At first, her efforts to rais e financial （經(jīng)濟(jì)的） support failed, but finally Lord Wakefield shared the 600 pound purchase prices of a used DH Gypsy Moth （ GAAAH ） and it was named Jason after the family business trademark.Amy set off alone in a single engine Gypsy Moth from Groyson on May

38、5, 1930, and landed in Darwin on May 24, an epic flight of 11,000 miles. She was the first woman to fly alone to Australia.In July 1931, she set an England to Japan record in a Puss Moth with Jack Humphreys. In July 1932, she set a record from England to Capetown, solo, in a Puss Moth. In May, 1936,

39、 she set a record from England to Capetown, solo, in a Percival Gull , a flight to retrieve （gain again ） her 1932 record.With her husband, Jim Mollison, she also flew in a DH Dragon nonstop from Pendine Sands,South Wales, to the United States in 1933. They also flew nonstop in record time to India in 1934 in a DH Comet in the England to Australia air race. The Mollisons were divorced in 1938.Aft