機(jī)電專業(yè)英語第2版1Unit 1 Engineering Materials 工程材料

1、 工程材料工程材料徐存善主編鐵的哪種狀態(tài)有商業(yè)用途(單選)：提交which state of iron has commercial use (radio)徐存善主編 徐存善主編徐存善主編 in the design and manufacture of a product, it is essential that the material and the process be understood. materials differ widely in physical properties, machinability characteristics, methods of formin

2、g, and possible service life. the designer should consider these facts in selecting an economical material and a process that is best suited to the product. engineering materials are of two basic types: metallic or nonmetallic. nonmetallic materials are further classified as organic or inorganic sub

3、stances. since there is an infinite number of nonmetallic materials as well as pure and alloyed metals, considerable study is necessary to choose the appropriate one.徐存善主編 few commercial materials exist as elements in nature. for example, the natural compounds of metals, such as oxides, sulfides, or

4、 carbonates, must undergo a separating or refining operation before they can be further processed. once separated, they must have an atomic structure that is stable at ordinary temperatures over a prolonged period. in metal working, iron is the most important natural element. iron has little commerc

5、ial use in its pure state, but when combined with other elements into various alloys it becomes the leading engineering metal. the nonferrous metals, including copper, tin, zinc, nickel, magnesium, aluminum, lead, and others all play an important part in our economy; each has specific properties and

6、 uses. 徐存善主編 manufacturing requires tools and machines that can produce economically and accurately. economy depends on the proper selection of the machine or process that will give a satisfactory finished product, its optimum operation, and maximum performance of labor and support facilities. the s

7、election is influenced by the quantity of items to be produced. usually there is one machine best suited for a certain output. 徐存善主編 in smalllot or job shop manufacturing, generalpurpose machines such as the lathe, drill press, and milling machine may prove to be the best because they are adaptable,

8、 have lower initial cost, require less maintenance, and possess the flexibility to meet changing conditions. however, a specialpurpose machine should be considered for large quantities of a standardized product. a machine built for one type of work or operation, such as the grinding of a piston or t

9、he surfacing of a cylinder head, will do the job well, quickly, and at low cost with a semiskilled operator.徐存善主編 many specialpurpose machines or tools differ from the standard type in that they have built into them some of the skill of the operator. a simple bolt may be produced on either a lathe o

10、r an automatic screw machine. the lathe operator must know not only how to make the bolt but must also be sufficiently skilled to operate the machine. on the automatic machine the sequence of operations and movements of tools are controlled by cams and stops, and each item produced is identical with

11、 the previous one. this transfer of skill into the machine, or automation, allows less skillful operators but does require greater skill in supervision and maintenance. often it is uneconomical to make a machine completely automatic, because the cost may become prohibitive.徐存善主編 the selection of the

12、 best machine or process for a given product requires knowledge of production methods. factors that must be considered are volume of production, quality of the finished product, and the advantages and limitations of the equipment capable of doing the work. most parts can be produced by several metho

13、ds, but usually there is one way that is most economical. 徐存善主編machinability m,i:nbilti n. 可加工性，可切削性，機(jī)械加工性characteristic ,krktristik adj. 典型的，特有的n. 特征,特性metallic mitlik, me adj. 金屬的，含金屬的n.金屬纖維nonmetallic ,nnmitlik adj. 非金屬的n. 非金屬物質(zhì)organic :nik adj. 有機(jī)的,組織的,器官的infinite infint adj. 無窮的，極大的n. 無限，無窮大all

14、oyedlid, l adj. 合金的；合鑄的；熔合的vt. 將鑄成合金appropriate pruprieit, pruprit adj. 適當(dāng)?shù)?合適的vt. 占用,撥出commercial km:l adj商業(yè)上的，商業(yè)的n. 商業(yè)廣告compound kmpaund, kn. 化合物vt. 合成vi. 和解adj. 復(fù)合的oxide ksaid n氧化物，氧化層，氧化合物徐存善主編sulfide slfaid n硫化物，含硫系列，硫醚carbonate k:bneit n碳酸鹽vt. 使充滿二氧化碳，使變成碳酸鹽undergo ,ndu vt. 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受；忍受prolonged p

15、ruld, l: adj. 延長的，拖延的，持續(xù)很久的iron ain n. 鐵，熨斗；烙鐵adj. 鐵的；剛強(qiáng)的optimum ptimm n最佳效果,最適合條件adj. 最適宜的influence influns n. 影響，勢(shì)力，有影響的人或事vt. 影響；改變flexibility ,fleksibiliti n機(jī)動(dòng)性，靈活性，適應(yīng)性cam km n. 凸輪，偏心輪vt.給(機(jī)器)配置偏心輪supervision ,sju:pvin n監(jiān)督，管理；指導(dǎo)technical terms徐存善主編 physical properties物理性質(zhì) atomic structure原子結(jié)構(gòu) no

16、nferrous metal有色金屬 smalllot小批量 finished product 成品 generalpurpose普通用途 specialpurpose專用的，特殊用途的 standardized product【工程設(shè)計(jì)】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化產(chǎn)品language points徐存善主編1. since there is an infinite number of nonmetallic materials as well as pure and alloyed metals, considerable study is necessary to choose the appropriate

17、 one.譯文：由于非金屬材料與純金屬和合金的種類一樣繁多，所以在選擇合適的材料時(shí)需要做大量的研究工作。說明：句中as well as 和一樣，不但而且；since there is an infinite number of 作原因狀語從句。to choose the appropriate one作目的狀語。considerableknsidrbl adj. 相當(dāng)大的；重要的，值得考慮的1）related phrases：considerable orders 大量訂貨； considerable damage 相當(dāng)大損失2）to drill the proper size hole in

18、 an exact location requires considerable skill. 在準(zhǔn)確的位置上鉆一個(gè)尺寸正確的孔要求相當(dāng)?shù)募记伞?）she is a woman with considerable culture. 她是一個(gè)文化修養(yǎng)很高的女子。language points徐存善主編2. for example, the natural compounds of metals, such as oxides, sulfides, or carbonates, must undergo a separating or refining operation before they

19、can be further processed.譯文：自然金屬化合物如氧化物、硫化物和碳酸鹽在能夠進(jìn)行深加工前必須經(jīng)過分離或提純。說明：句中such as 例如，before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。compoundkmpaund, kn. 化合物vt. 合成vi. 和解adj. 復(fù)合的1）he compounded water, sand and soil and formed bricks. 他將水、沙和土摻和一起做成磚。2）it is the most pervasive compound on earth. 它是地球上最普遍的化合物。undergo ,ndu vt. 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受；忍受1）th

20、e city has undergone many changes during the last ten years. 這個(gè)城市在過去十年中經(jīng)歷了很多變化。2）the idea must undergo the test of experiment. 觀念必須經(jīng)得起實(shí)驗(yàn)的檢驗(yàn)。language points徐存善主編 3. economy depends on the proper selection of the machine or process that will give a satisfactory finished product, its optimum operation,

21、 and maximum performance of labor and support facilities. 譯文：要達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)性要求，就要選擇合適的設(shè)備和工序，這樣可以得到理想的產(chǎn)品，還要有最佳的操作、高效的人工執(zhí)行和設(shè)備支持。 說明：句中depends on取決于，依賴于；that will give a satisfactory作結(jié)果狀語從句；its optimum operation, and maximum作depends on的并列介詞賓語。 process pruses, pr vt. 處理；加工；n. 過程，進(jìn)行，方法，步驟；作用；程序；vi. 列隊(duì)前進(jìn)；adj. 經(jīng)過特殊

22、加工（或處理）的 1) related phrases： design process設(shè)計(jì)程序； irreversible process不可逆過程；前處理 pre process。 2）process data and report results. 處理數(shù)據(jù)和報(bào)告結(jié)果。 3）big cutter diameter, high cutting speed, good process quality. 刀具直徑大，切割速度高，加工面質(zhì)量好。language points徐存善主編 4. the selection is influenced by the quantity of items t

23、o be produced. 譯文：選擇受生產(chǎn)批量的影響。 說明：句中to be produced作items的后置定語。 influence influns n. 影響；勢(shì)力；有影響的人或事vt. 影響；改變 1) related phrases：influence basin 影響范圍； influence surface影響面；shade influence 陰影效 2）both drinking and smoking have great influence on our health. 喝酒和抽煙對(duì)我們的健康都有很大的影響。 3）young people are quickly i

24、nfluenced by new ideas. 年輕人很快地受到新思想的影響。 language points徐存善主編5. on the automatic machine the sequence of operations and movements of tools are controlled by cams and stops, and each item produced is identical with the previous one.譯文：在自動(dòng)機(jī)床上，工具的操作和運(yùn)動(dòng)是由凸輪和制動(dòng)器來控制的，并且每一零件的生產(chǎn)過程都與前一個(gè)過程相同。說明：句中sequence of o

25、peration操作順序，作業(yè)程序；be identical with與相同/一致。1）the number on the card should be identical with the one on the cheque book. 卡上的號(hào)碼應(yīng)該和支票簿上的相同。2）the fan as showed in this design drawing only indicates its installation position. when the fan is mounted, direction of air flow of the fan should be identical w

26、ith that required in this drawing. 本設(shè)計(jì)圖中所示的風(fēng)機(jī)僅表其安裝位置，風(fēng)機(jī)安裝時(shí)，應(yīng)注意風(fēng)機(jī)的氣流方向與本圖所要求的方向一致。language points徐存善主編6. this transfer of skill into the machine, or automation, allows less skillful operators but does require greater skill in supervision and maintenance.譯文：機(jī)器或自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)中的這種“技能遷移”對(duì)操作者的技能熟練程度要求有所降低，但在監(jiān)督管理和維

27、護(hù)方面要求更高。說明：transfer trnsf:n. 轉(zhuǎn)讓；轉(zhuǎn)移vi. 轉(zhuǎn)讓；轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)vt. 轉(zhuǎn)讓；使轉(zhuǎn)移；傳遞；調(diào)任1) related phrases：data transfer數(shù)據(jù)傳送；transfer income 轉(zhuǎn)讓收入2）technology transfer to the mainland. 把技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移到大陸。3）share, browse, access, transfer, organize, rename, copy or move any files and folders between mobile phone and computer! 在手機(jī)和電腦之間共享

28、，瀏覽，訪問，傳輸，組織，重命名，復(fù)制和移動(dòng)任何文件和文件夾！exercises徐存善主編i. fill in the blanks according to the text with the words given below. make changes if necessary. 1. the designer should consider these in selecting an economical material and a process that is best suited to the product. 2. materials are further classif

29、ied as organic or inorganic substances. metallic, alloy, specialpurpose, pure, fact, generalpurpose, result, nonmetallic, standard facts nonmetallic exercises徐存善主編3. iron has little commercial use in its state, but when combined with other elements into various it becomes the leading engineering met

30、al.4. many machines or tools differ from the type in that they have built into them some of the skill of the operator.pure alloysspecialpurpose standard exercises徐存善主編ii. translate the following into english 1.材料在物理性能、機(jī)加工性能、成形方法以及使用壽命等方面有很大不同。 materials differ widely in physical properties,machinabi

31、lity characteristics, methods of forming, and service life . 2天然金屬化合物如氧化物、硫化物和碳酸鹽在能夠進(jìn)行深加工前必須經(jīng)過分離或提純。 the natural compounds of metals, such as oxides, sulfides, or carbonates, must undergo a separating or refining operation before they can be further processed.exercises徐存善主編3在自動(dòng)機(jī)床上，工具的操作順序和運(yùn)動(dòng)是由凸輪和制動(dòng)器

32、來控制的，并且每一零件的生產(chǎn)過程都與前一個(gè)過程相同。 on the automatic machine the sequence of operations and movements of tools are controlled by cams and stops, and each item produced is identical with the previous one.徐存善主編翻譯是一種再創(chuàng)造，即譯者根據(jù)原作者的思想，用另一翻譯是一種再創(chuàng)造，即譯者根據(jù)原作者的思想，用另一種語言表達(dá)出來。這就是要求譯者必須確切理解和掌握原作種語言表達(dá)出來。這就是要求譯者必須確切理解和掌握原作的

33、內(nèi)容與含意，在確切理解的基礎(chǔ)上，很好地運(yùn)用譯文語言的內(nèi)容與含意，在確切理解的基礎(chǔ)上，很好地運(yùn)用譯文語言把原文內(nèi)涵通順流暢地再現(xiàn)給讀者。把原文內(nèi)涵通順流暢地再現(xiàn)給讀者。一、翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一、翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)科技英語的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可概括為科技英語的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可概括為“忠實(shí)、通順忠實(shí)、通順”四個(gè)字。四個(gè)字。忠實(shí)，首先指忠實(shí)于原文內(nèi)容，譯者必須把原作的內(nèi)容忠實(shí)，首先指忠實(shí)于原文內(nèi)容，譯者必須把原作的內(nèi)容完整而準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)出來，不得任意發(fā)揮或增刪；忠實(shí)還指保完整而準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)出來，不得任意發(fā)揮或增刪；忠實(shí)還指保持原作風(fēng)格，盡量表現(xiàn)其本來面目。持原作風(fēng)格，盡量表現(xiàn)其本來面目。通順，即指譯文語言必須通俗易懂，符合規(guī)范。通順，即

34、指譯文語言必須通俗易懂，符合規(guī)范。忠實(shí)與通順是相輔相成的，缺一不可。忠實(shí)而不通順，忠實(shí)與通順是相輔相成的，缺一不可。忠實(shí)而不通順，讀者會(huì)看不懂；通順而不忠實(shí)，脫離原作的內(nèi)容與風(fēng)格，通讀者會(huì)看不懂；通順而不忠實(shí)，脫離原作的內(nèi)容與風(fēng)格，通順就失去了意義。順就失去了意義。 徐存善主編例如：例如：1. the electric resistance is measured in ohms.1. the electric resistance is measured in ohms.誤譯：電的反抗是用歐姆測(cè)量的。誤譯：電的反抗是用歐姆測(cè)量的。正譯：電阻的測(cè)量單位是歐姆。正譯：電阻的測(cè)量單位是歐姆。2.

35、all metals do not conduct electricity equally 2. all metals do not conduct electricity equally well.well.誤譯：全部金屬不導(dǎo)電得相等好。誤譯：全部金屬不導(dǎo)電得相等好。正譯：并非所有的金屬都同樣好地導(dǎo)電。正譯：并非所有的金屬都同樣好地導(dǎo)電。3. the moment the circuit is completed, a current 3. the moment the circuit is completed, a current will start flowing the coil.w

36、ill start flowing the coil.正譯：電路一旦接通，電流開始流向線圈。正譯：電路一旦接通，電流開始流向線圈。徐存善主編4. some special alloy steels should be used for such 4. some special alloy steels should be used for such parts because the alloying elements make them parts because the alloying elements make them tougher, stronger, or harder tha

37、n carbon steels. tougher, stronger, or harder than carbon steels. 正譯：對(duì)這類零件可采用某些特殊的合金鋼，因?yàn)楹辖鹪卣g：對(duì)這類零件可采用某些特殊的合金鋼，因?yàn)楹辖鹪啬芴岣咪摰捻g性、強(qiáng)度、硬度。能提高鋼的韌性、強(qiáng)度、硬度。 從以上例句可以清楚的看到，不能任意刪改，并不是逐從以上例句可以清楚的看到，不能任意刪改，并不是逐詞死譯；漢語譯文規(guī)范化，并非是離開原文隨意發(fā)揮。此外詞死譯；漢語譯文規(guī)范化，并非是離開原文隨意發(fā)揮。此外，還應(yīng)注意通用術(shù)語的譯法。比如，例，還應(yīng)注意通用術(shù)語的譯法。比如，例1 1中的中的“電阻電阻”已成已成為固

38、定詞組，不能用別的譯法。為固定詞組，不能用別的譯法。徐存善主編翻譯的方法一般來說有直譯（翻譯的方法一般來說有直譯（literal translationliteral translation）和意）和意譯（譯（free translationfree translation）。直譯，即指）。直譯，即指“既忠實(shí)于原文內(nèi)容，既忠實(shí)于原文內(nèi)容，又忠實(shí)于原文的形式又忠實(shí)于原文的形式”的翻譯。意譯，就是指忠實(shí)于原文的內(nèi)的翻譯。意譯，就是指忠實(shí)于原文的內(nèi)容，但不拘泥于原文的形式。容，但不拘泥于原文的形式。 翻譯時(shí)，我們應(yīng)靈活運(yùn)用上述兩種方法，能直譯的就直譯，翻譯時(shí)，我們應(yīng)靈活運(yùn)用上述兩種方法，能直譯的就直

39、譯，需要意譯的就意譯。因?yàn)閷?duì)同一個(gè)句子來說，有時(shí)并非只能用需要意譯的就意譯。因?yàn)閷?duì)同一個(gè)句子來說，有時(shí)并非只能用一種方法，所以我們可以交替使用或同時(shí)并用以上兩種方法。一種方法，所以我們可以交替使用或同時(shí)并用以上兩種方法。徐存善主編請(qǐng)看下面的句子請(qǐng)看下面的句子: :1. milky way 1. milky way 銀河（意譯）（不可直譯為：牛奶路）銀河（意譯）（不可直譯為：牛奶路）2. bulls eye 2. bulls eye 靶心（意譯）（不可直譯為：牛眼睛）靶心（意譯）（不可直譯為：牛眼睛）3. new uses have been found for old metals, and

40、new 3. new uses have been found for old metals, and new alloys have been made to satisfy new demands. alloys have been made to satisfy new demands. 老的金屬老的金屬有了新用途，新的金屬被冶煉出來，以滿足新的需要（本句前有了新用途，新的金屬被冶煉出來，以滿足新的需要（本句前半部分用了意譯法，后半部分用了直譯法）。半部分用了意譯法，后半部分用了直譯法）。4. the ability to program these devices will make

41、a 4. the ability to program these devices will make a student an invaluable asset to the growing electronic student an invaluable asset to the growing electronic industry. industry. 對(duì)這些器件編程的能力將使學(xué)生成為日益增長的電對(duì)這些器件編程的能力將使學(xué)生成為日益增長的電子工業(yè)領(lǐng)域中的無價(jià)人才（這里子工業(yè)領(lǐng)域中的無價(jià)人才（這里asset asset 原意為資產(chǎn)，我們根據(jù)原意為資產(chǎn)，我們根據(jù)上下文意譯成上下文意譯成“人

42、才人才”）。）。徐存善主編三、翻譯中的專業(yè)性特點(diǎn)三、翻譯中的專業(yè)性特點(diǎn) 科學(xué)技術(shù)本身的性質(zhì)要求科技英語與專業(yè)內(nèi)容相互配合，相科學(xué)技術(shù)本身的性質(zhì)要求科技英語與專業(yè)內(nèi)容相互配合，相互一致，這就決定了專業(yè)英語與普通英語有很大的差異。專業(yè)互一致，這就決定了專業(yè)英語與普通英語有很大的差異。專業(yè)英語以其獨(dú)特的語體，明確表達(dá)作者在其專業(yè)方面的見解，其英語以其獨(dú)特的語體，明確表達(dá)作者在其專業(yè)方面的見解，其表達(dá)方式直截了當(dāng)，用詞簡練。即使同一個(gè)詞，在不同學(xué)科的表達(dá)方式直截了當(dāng)，用詞簡練。即使同一個(gè)詞，在不同學(xué)科的專業(yè)英語中，其涵義也是不同的。專業(yè)英語中，其涵義也是不同的。例如：例如：1. the compute

43、r took over an immense range of tasks 1. the computer took over an immense range of tasks from workers muscles and brains.from workers muscles and brains.誤譯：計(jì)算機(jī)代替了工人大量的肌肉和大腦。誤譯：計(jì)算機(jī)代替了工人大量的肌肉和大腦。正譯：計(jì)算機(jī)取代了工人大量的體力和腦力勞動(dòng)。正譯：計(jì)算機(jī)取代了工人大量的體力和腦力勞動(dòng)。（這里（這里muscles and brains muscles and brains 引申為引申為“體力和腦力勞動(dòng)體力和腦

44、力勞動(dòng)”。）。）徐存善主編2. in any case work doesnt include time, but power 2. in any case work doesnt include time, but power does.does.正譯：在任何情況下，功不包括時(shí)間，但功率包括時(shí)間。正譯：在任何情況下，功不包括時(shí)間，但功率包括時(shí)間。（這里（這里workwork，powerpower在物理專業(yè)分別譯為在物理專業(yè)分別譯為“功功”、“功率功率”。）。）3 3like charges repel each other while opposite like charges repel

45、each other while opposite charges attracted.charges attracted.正譯：同性電荷相排斥，異性電荷相吸引。（正譯：同性電荷相排斥，異性電荷相吸引。（chargecharge含義有含義有“負(fù)載、充電、充氣、電荷負(fù)載、充電、充氣、電荷”，按專業(yè)知識(shí)理解為，按專業(yè)知識(shí)理解為“電荷電荷”。）。）從以上例句可知，專業(yè)英語專業(yè)性強(qiáng)，邏輯性強(qiáng)，翻譯要力求從以上例句可知，專業(yè)英語專業(yè)性強(qiáng)，邏輯性強(qiáng)，翻譯要力求準(zhǔn)確、精練、正式。這不僅要求我們能熟練地運(yùn)用漢語表達(dá)方準(zhǔn)確、精練、正式。這不僅要求我們能熟練地運(yùn)用漢語表達(dá)方式，還要求具有較高的專業(yè)水平。式，還要求

46、具有較高的專業(yè)水平。徐存善主編超硬合金材料黑色金屬材料陶瓷材料高速鋼刀具材料金剛石材料徐存善主編 ferrous and non-ferrous materials metals are found everywhere in our life. they are classified into two categories, “ferrous” and “nonferrous” metals. ferrous means relating to, or containing iron and nonferrous means having no iron. these two kinds o

47、f metals can be used to manufacture an equally large range of items.徐存善主編name alloy of properties uses mild steelcarbon 0.1%-0.3%iron 99.9%-99.7% tough. high tensile strength. can be case-hardened. rusts very easily most common metal used in school workshops. used in general metal products and engin

48、eering. high carbon steelcarbon0.6%-1.4%iron 99.4%-98.6% tough. can be hardened and tempered cutting tools such as drills. stainless steel iron, nickel and chromium tough, resistant to rusting and staining cutlery, medical instruments. cast iron carbon 2%-6%iron 98%-94% strong but brittle. comprehen

49、sive strength very high. castings, manhole covers, engines. wrought iron almost 100% ironfibrous, tough, ductile, resistant to rusting. ornamental gates and railings, not in much use today. table 1-1 some ferrous metals and properties徐存善主編name colour alloy of properties uses copper reddish brownnot

50、an alloy ductile, can be beaten into shape. conducts electricity and heat. electrical wiring, tubing, kettles, bowls, pipes. brass yellow mixture of copper and zinc. 65%-35% most common ratio hard. casts and machines well. surface tarnishes. conducts electricity. parts for electricalfittings, orname

51、nts. aluminum light grey aluminum 95%copper 4%manganese 1% ductile, soft, malleable, machines well. very light. window frames, aircraft, kitchen ware. silver whitish grey mainly silver but alloyed with copper to give sterling silver ductile, malleable, solders, resists corrosion. jewellry, solders,

52、ornaments. lead bluish graynot an alloy soft, heavy, ductile, loses its sharp under pressuresolders, pipes, batteries，roofing.table 1-2 some non-ferrous metals and propertiesnew words and phrases徐存善主編ferrous fers adj. 化學(xué) 亞鐵的；鐵的，含鐵的category ktiri n. 種類，分類；范疇casehardened adj. 表面硬化的；定型的；無情的temper temp

53、n. 脾氣；（鋼等）回火；性情；傾向v. 調(diào)和；使回火stain stein vt. 沾污；給著色vi. 污染；被沾污n. 污點(diǎn)；瑕疵cutlery kqtlri n. 餐具；刀劍制造業(yè)；刀叉餐具chromium krumjm n. 化學(xué) 鉻（24號(hào)元素，符號(hào)cr）brittle britl adj. 易碎的，脆弱的；易生氣的casting k:sti n. 投擲；鑄造；鑄件v. 投擲；鑄造；投向；扔掉manhole mnhul n. 人孔；檢修孔；檢查井wrought r:t adj. 鍛造的；加工的；精細(xì)的tubing tju:bi n. 管子；裝管v. 把裝管；使成管狀new words

54、 and phrases徐存善主編zinc zik vt. 鍍鋅于；用鋅處理n. 鋅ornament :nmnt n. 裝飾；裝飾物；教堂用品vt. 裝飾，修飾fibrous faibrs adj. 纖維的，纖維性的；纖維狀的ductile dktail, til adj. 易教導(dǎo)的；易延展的；柔軟malleable mlibl adj. 可鍛的；有延展性的；易適應(yīng)的；可塑的aluminium ,ljuminjm adj. 鋁的n. 鋁manganese m,ni:s, ,mni:z n. 化錳tarnish t:ni n. 污點(diǎn)；無光澤vt. vi.玷污；使失去光澤whitish hwait

55、i adj. 帶白色的；發(fā)白的sterling st:li adj.英幣的；純正的；純銀制的n. 英國貨幣；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)純銀solder sld vi. 焊接vt. 焊接；使聯(lián)接在一起n. 焊料；接合物bluish blu:i adj. 帶藍(lán)色的；有點(diǎn)藍(lán)的exercises徐存善主編i. scan the tables again to find the following facts and translate them into chinese.1. a ferrous metal used to make cutting tools2. a non-ferrous metal used to m

56、ake parts for electrical fittings3. a ferrous metal used to make cutlery and medical instruments鐵質(zhì)金屬用于制造切削刀具鐵質(zhì)金屬用于制造切削刀具非鐵質(zhì)金屬用于制作電氣設(shè)備的零件非鐵質(zhì)金屬用于制作電氣設(shè)備的零件鐵質(zhì)金屬用于制造刀叉餐具和醫(yī)療器械鐵質(zhì)金屬用于制造刀叉餐具和醫(yī)療器械exercises徐存善主編i. scan the tables again to find the following facts and translate them into chinese.4. a non-ferrou

57、s metal used to make electrical wiring.5. a metal used to make manhole covers6. a non-ferrous metal used to make aircraft 非鐵質(zhì)金屬用于制作電線非鐵質(zhì)金屬用于制作電線金屬用于制造檢查井蓋金屬用于制造檢查井蓋非鐵質(zhì)金屬用于制作飛機(jī)非鐵質(zhì)金屬用于制作飛機(jī)exercises徐存善主編iistudy the following sentence about aluminum and add extra information to it. aluminum is used to m

58、ake aircraft, engine components and many items for the kitchen. aluminum, which is light, soft, and ductile, is used to make aircraft, engine components for example, cylinder heads and many items for the kitchen, such as pots and basins.徐存善主編 鐵質(zhì)材料和非鐵質(zhì)材料鐵質(zhì)材料和非鐵質(zhì)材料 金屬在生活中隨處可見。金屬劃為兩大類：黑色金屬在生活中隨處可見。金屬劃為

59、兩大類：黑色金屬金屬(含鐵金屬含鐵金屬)和有色金屬和有色金屬(不含鐵金屬不含鐵金屬)。這兩類。這兩類金屬的應(yīng)用廣泛程度基本相同。金屬的應(yīng)用廣泛程度基本相同。徐存善主編名名 稱稱 成成 分分 性性 能能 用用 途途 低碳鋼低碳鋼 含碳含碳0.1%-0.3%0.1%-0.3%含鐵含鐵99.9%-99.7%99.9%-99.7%韌性好，抗拉強(qiáng)度高，易韌性好，抗拉強(qiáng)度高，易表面硬化，且易銹。表面硬化，且易銹。 學(xué)校車間中最常見的金學(xué)校車間中最常見的金屬。用于一般金屬制品屬。用于一般金屬制品和工程中。和工程中。 高碳鋼高碳鋼 含碳含碳0.6%-1.4%0.6%-1.4%含鐵含鐵 99.4%-98.6% 99.4%-98.6% 韌性好，可以進(jìn)行硬化及韌性好，可以進(jìn)行硬化及回火處理回火處