非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞doing

1、 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Ving一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法定義：在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)以外的各種句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分類：1.不定式（主動(dòng)/將來(lái)/具體/）:He decided to work hard at English. 2. -Ving形式 2.1 動(dòng)名詞（主動(dòng)/習(xí)慣/抽象）：Learning is important to us. 2.2 現(xiàn)在分詞（主動(dòng)/進(jìn)行）:We stood there, chatting. 3.-ed 形式(過(guò)去分詞) （被動(dòng)/完成）: The novel written by Mo Yan is very important.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然不能充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，但是可以

2、充當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的其他句子成分。如：主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)名詞不定式分詞找出非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，并判斷成分1. Making our city greener is everyones duty. 2. The government is determined to continue the green program.3. I find my hometown changed so much. 4. Having fresh air, trees can reduce air pollution.5. Every effort to make the program makes a diffe

3、rence.Ving的幾個(gè)形勢(shì)變化 一般式（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生）doingbeing done （被動(dòng)式）完成式（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生之前）having donehaving been done（被動(dòng)式）動(dòng)名詞的形式： doing 否定式：not + doing （1）一般式：常用來(lái)表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作 Do you know the man _ (talk) to our headteacher?（2）一般式的被動(dòng)式：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing一般式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行中的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作He came to the party without _ (invite)他未被邀請(qǐng)就來(lái)到了晚會(huì)。 （3）完成式：

4、所表示的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前（已經(jīng)完成的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作） _ (finish) his work, he went to the party with joy.（4）完成被動(dòng)式： 表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前（已經(jīng)完成的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作）_ (show) around the lab, we were taken to see the library next.（5）否定式：not + 動(dòng)名詞 I regret not following his advice. 我后悔沒(méi)聽(tīng)他的勸告。 （6）復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）+ 動(dòng)名詞在-ing前加物主代詞或名詞

5、所有格即構(gòu)成-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的物主代詞或名詞所有格為-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ)。He suggested our trying it once again. 他建議我們?cè)僭囈淮巍?His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英語(yǔ)給他帶來(lái)許多麻煩。 1. 作主語(yǔ)：表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的行為、經(jīng)驗(yàn)用-ing形式；_ (read) aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的。 _(collect) stamps is interesting. 集郵很有趣。 當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)也有用it作形式主語(yǔ)的，常見(jiàn)句式有：A：Its

6、no use/ no good/ a waste of time doing B: Its nice/ fun/ useless/ worth doing Eg. It's no use_(quarrel) .爭(zhēng)吵是沒(méi)用的。 2. 作表語(yǔ)： 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容 像puzzling, surprising, exciting等-ing分詞表示“令人的(事物)”； In the ant city, the queen's job is_ (lay) eggs. 在螞蟻王國(guó)，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。 3. 作賓語(yǔ)： A: enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）,

7、 excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承認(rèn)），deny（否認(rèn)）, mind, permit, forbid, practice, risk（冒險(xiǎn)）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）等詞后 B：在表示“需要”的need, want和require等后用-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，也可用不定式的被動(dòng)式C：在介詞之后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 think of, dream of, be fond

8、of, , insist on, feel like, , be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in注意to是介詞的短語(yǔ)，如be /get used to, be accustomed to(習(xí)慣于), contribute to , devote oneself to /be devoted to, get down to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, make a contribution to doing （做貢獻(xiàn)）, pay attention to doing sth. （注意）D：含介詞

9、的固定句式：prevent /stop /keep sb. /sth. from doing 阻止做spend /waste time or money in doing 在做方面花費(fèi)/浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做方面有些困難have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艱難there is no+n. (sense/ use除了need之外 ) in doing做是沒(méi)有理由/道理的E. 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做賓語(yǔ) 物主代詞/名詞所有格+doingDo you mind my _(open) the window?Th

10、e rain prevents his _(go) to school. Eg. They haven't finished _( build) the dam. 他們還沒(méi)有建好大壩。 We have to prevent the air from _ ( pollute). 我們必須阻止空氣被污染。 I am looking forward to _ (meet) the students from America.When he realized he was in poor health, he finally decided to give up _ (smoke).I rea

11、lly appreciate your_ (help) me when I was in trouble.We should do what we can to prevent the earth _ (become) too hot to live on.此外，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，若跟有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則常用形式賓語(yǔ)it，例如： We found it no good making fun of others. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。有些動(dòng)詞可以加to do 不定式也可以加doing做賓語(yǔ) 但是兩者表示的意義不相同，對(duì)比：A: remember/ forget/ regret + to do / d

12、oing B: go on/stop+ to do/ doing C: try+ to do / doing 4. 作定語(yǔ)： a.表示用途 b. 表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作He can't walk without a _(walk)stick. 他沒(méi)有拐杖不能走路。Do you know the girl _ (stand) under the tree now?當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在所修飾的名詞前；如果是分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ) 放在名詞后In the following years he worked even harder. 在后來(lái)的幾年中，他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。 The man spea

13、king to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正與老師談話的那個(gè)人是我們班長(zhǎng)的父親。 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher. 5. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常跟在這些詞see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen

14、to, look at, leave, catch之后 如：see sb. doing sth Eg. Can you hear her_ (sing) the song in the next room? 你能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在隔壁唱歌嗎？ He kept the car _(wait) at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著。 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用不定式(未來(lái)或全過(guò)程)或-ing形式(正在進(jìn)行或一直處于某種狀態(tài))；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用-ed形式。另外，請(qǐng)注意復(fù)習(xí)以下6點(diǎn)：(1)在ask, invite, encourage, advise, f

15、orbid, remind等動(dòng)詞后，用帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。(2)在help后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式帶不帶to均可。(3)在make, let, have等使役動(dòng)詞和feel, smell, hear, see, watch等感官動(dòng)詞后，一般用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但在其被動(dòng)式后作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，要加上to。(4)在with的賓語(yǔ)后，若用-ed形式，表示賓語(yǔ)與-ed形式在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且意味著該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成；若用-ing形式，表示賓語(yǔ)與-ing形式在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行。(5)get sb. to do sth. =have sb. do sth.使某人做某事(主動(dòng)、將來(lái)); ge

16、t/havedoing使處于某一狀態(tài)中(主動(dòng)、持續(xù)); get sth. done=have sth. done請(qǐng)人做/遭受(被動(dòng))。(6) make oneself 后常用understood, heard, seen, known等作賓補(bǔ)，表示讓別人明白自己的意思/讓自己講的話被別人聽(tīng)到/讓自己被別人看到/讓自己被別人認(rèn)識(shí)。6. 作狀語(yǔ)： (非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若與句子主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： (While)_ (work )in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工廠工作時(shí)，他是一名先進(jìn)工人。 作原因狀語(yǔ)： _ (be) a League

17、 member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青團(tuán)員，他經(jīng)常幫助他人。 作方式狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨： He stayed at home, _ (clean) and _ (wash). 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。 作條件狀語(yǔ)： (If)_ (play) all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就會(huì)浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間。 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)： 表示自然而然的結(jié)果。 only to do 常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果He dropped the glass, _ (break) it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，結(jié)果

18、摔得粉碎。 作讓步狀語(yǔ)： Though_ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon. 雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。 與邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格做垂懸狀語(yǔ)：-ing形式的獨(dú)立成分還有judging by /from(根據(jù)判斷), generally speaking(一般說(shuō)來(lái))，strictly speaking(嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)), frankly speaking(坦率地說(shuō)), weather permitting(天氣允許)等。I _ (wait) for the bus, a bird fell on my head 我等汽車時(shí)，一只鳥落到我頭上。 Time

19、 _ (permit), we'll do another two exercises.如果時(shí)間允許，我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。_(judge) from his accent, he may be from Africa. 有時(shí)也可用with (without) +名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式 With the lights _ (burn), he fell asleep. 他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。 Exercise:1. There are a lot of students _(wait) to welcome the foreign teachers.2. The building _(bu

20、ild) will be served as our dining- hall.3. There are 3 problems _(remain) to be solved.4. _ (hear) the news, they jumped with joy5. Not _ (know) his address, we have no way to get in touch with him.6. They sent a letter to me , _ (hope) to get my support.7. _ (work) with him for many years, I knows

21、him very well.8._ (fail) twice, she didnt want to have another try.9. You should be careful while_ (cross) the street. 10. He went out, _ (shut) the door from behind.11._ (believe) that Juliet had died ,Romeo decided to kill himself.12. Just now I met a girl here_ (look) like a nurse.13. _ (add) up

22、the figures, well find the correct answers.14. Not _ (feel ) comfortable, I went to see a doctor.15. Helen borrowed a dictionary from me,_ (say) that she would return it to me soon.16. Generally_(speak), the harder you work, the more you gain. 17. With her baby_(sleep) on her back, she went on clean

23、ing the room. 18. _(write) smoothly, this kind of pen sells well in our school.19. Your_(drink )too much will do harm to your health.20. He has devoted himself to _ (help) the poor.非謂語(yǔ)題的解題總方法與思路：1.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，辨明是否作非謂語(yǔ)。一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞），又沒(méi)有連詞的情況下，又有別的動(dòng)詞。也就是說(shuō)如果一部分是句子時(shí)，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的動(dòng)詞就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。2.定語(yǔ)

24、態(tài)(找邏輯主語(yǔ))：如果本句的主語(yǔ)（或動(dòng)詞自帶的邏輯主語(yǔ)）與它是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，那么答案一般用Ving形式；如果本句的主語(yǔ)（或動(dòng)詞自帶的邏輯主語(yǔ)）與它是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系（被動(dòng)關(guān)系），那么答案一般用Ved形式。3.定時(shí)態(tài)：如果非謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作比謂語(yǔ)先（或先很久）發(fā)生，那么非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用完成式，否則我們要用非謂語(yǔ)的一般式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與廣東高考：請(qǐng)根據(jù)以上技巧, 完成以下與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的歷年高考試題。1. (2012年)Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _(wear) sun glasses. 2. (2011年) I noticed a man 18 _ (sit)at the front.3. (2010年) He spit it out, _(say)