企業(yè)的動(dòng)力和活力

1、企業(yè)的動(dòng)力和活力企業(yè)，作為現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的細(xì)胞，它本身必須充滿生機(jī)和活力。那么，怎樣才能充滿生機(jī)和活力呢？我們知道，活力的資源在于動(dòng)力。換句話說，企業(yè)只有先“動(dòng)”，然后才能變“活”。要想使企業(yè)“動(dòng)”，就要找出其內(nèi)在活力，一般說來，企業(yè)動(dòng)力表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：1、目標(biāo)動(dòng)力。這是企業(yè)的首要?jiǎng)恿?。它是指企業(yè)目標(biāo)對企業(yè)的激勵(lì)作用。目標(biāo)的選擇、確定，目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)的進(jìn)程和目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)后的反饋，都會使企業(yè)產(chǎn)生動(dòng)力。一個(gè)鼓舞人心的目標(biāo)往往能激發(fā)職工的工作動(dòng)機(jī)，就是目標(biāo)動(dòng)力的作用。2、經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)力。是指通過滿足物質(zhì)利益需要而使企業(yè)激發(fā)的動(dòng)力。他能在企業(yè)經(jīng)營活動(dòng)中主導(dǎo)促進(jìn)作用。經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)力包含有三方面的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系，即企業(yè)和國家、企業(yè)和職

2、工以及職工之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系。這些經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系都是通過物質(zhì)利益分配來表現(xiàn)的。國家所得部分，體現(xiàn)社會的扣除；企業(yè)所得部分，體現(xiàn)企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益；個(gè)人所得部分，體現(xiàn)企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益；個(gè)人所得部分，體現(xiàn)按勞分配。3、思想政治動(dòng)力。思想政治工作研究人們的思想狀況及其變化規(guī)律，探討如何運(yùn)用這些規(guī)律最大限度地調(diào)動(dòng)人們的積極性，協(xié)調(diào)人們的相互關(guān)系，發(fā)揮人們的才干。因此，思想政治工作同樣能使企業(yè)產(chǎn)生動(dòng)力。4、集體動(dòng)力。它是指通過發(fā)揮集體的作用而使企業(yè)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力。集體的溫暖、榮譽(yù)、自豪等都會使企業(yè)產(chǎn)生巨大的動(dòng)力。在企業(yè)中，處理好人與人之間的關(guān)系，使發(fā)揮動(dòng)力作用的基礎(chǔ)，有愛和情感是處理好人與人之間關(guān)系的紐帶。在集體生活中，沒

3、有有愛和情感，就不能體現(xiàn)集體的溫暖，發(fā)揮集體的動(dòng)力。5、吸引動(dòng)力。它是指企業(yè)外部有利環(huán)境對企業(yè)的吸引作用，從而使企業(yè)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力。吸引動(dòng)力的大小，有企業(yè)外部有利環(huán)境對企業(yè)的影響程度所決定。所以，企業(yè)不僅要對其內(nèi)部進(jìn)行管理，而且還要對其外部環(huán)境進(jìn)行研究和分析。6、轉(zhuǎn)化動(dòng)力。它是指企業(yè)外部壓力作用于企業(yè)，從而使企業(yè)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力。如黨和國家的有關(guān)方針政策、上級計(jì)劃、指令、行政命令、險(xiǎn)惡環(huán)境、競爭因素等。所謂“破釜沉舟,背水一戰(zhàn)“就是轉(zhuǎn)化動(dòng)力的作用?，F(xiàn)代企業(yè)，面臨的是千變?nèi)f化的市場。企業(yè)從事生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動(dòng)，就好像導(dǎo)彈追蹤飛機(jī)，不進(jìn)行“自我調(diào)節(jié)“不能擊中目標(biāo)一樣，沒有自主權(quán)，不根據(jù)市場變化來”自我調(diào)節(jié)“其經(jīng)營

4、活動(dòng)，是不能長久生存下去的。因此，企業(yè)“想動(dòng)”而“不能動(dòng)”是不行的，必須要滿足企業(yè)“能動(dòng)”的條件，如擴(kuò)大企業(yè)自主權(quán)等。當(dāng)前的改革中，強(qiáng)調(diào)“政企分開，簡政放權(quán)”，實(shí)行稅費(fèi)改革，企業(yè)內(nèi)部的責(zé)任制推行等等，都是給企業(yè)“松綁”，在為企業(yè)的“能動(dòng)”開辟道路。至此，企業(yè)”想動(dòng)“而且“能動(dòng)”，但企業(yè)究竟怎樣“動(dòng)”、怎樣“活”起來呢？從商業(yè)企業(yè)的角度來講，必須具備以下幾方面的經(jīng)營能力：1、業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營能力。它是指企業(yè)完成國家購銷計(jì)劃，滿足市場需求，為生產(chǎn)者和消費(fèi)者提供產(chǎn)品和勞務(wù)的能力。其主要表現(xiàn)在經(jīng)營項(xiàng)目、經(jīng)營方式、服務(wù)態(tài)度和服務(wù)質(zhì)量等方面。2、盈利能力。盈利是企業(yè)擴(kuò)大再生產(chǎn)和更好地滿足消費(fèi)需要的必須條件，是企業(yè)

5、活力的集中表現(xiàn)。企業(yè)的盈利能力指靠靈活經(jīng)營，嚴(yán)格核算，節(jié)約費(fèi)用等途徑來實(shí)現(xiàn)盈利的能力。3、應(yīng)變能力。它是指企業(yè)根據(jù)外界環(huán)境變化而迅速作出應(yīng)變決策，調(diào)節(jié)其經(jīng)營活動(dòng)以保證企業(yè)經(jīng)營目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)的能力。應(yīng)變能力的大小取決于“快”和“變”兩個(gè)因素。4、市場競爭能力。它是企業(yè)吸引顧客、爭奪市場、擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)、謀求自身發(fā)展的能力。社會主義商業(yè)企業(yè)之間的競爭，主要表現(xiàn)在管理方法。經(jīng)營方式、經(jīng)營品種、服務(wù)質(zhì)量等方面。每個(gè)企業(yè)在市場上直接接受廣大消費(fèi)者的評判和檢驗(yàn)，優(yōu)勝劣汰，有利于打破阻礙生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的封鎖和壟斷，及時(shí)暴露企業(yè)的缺點(diǎn)，共同改進(jìn)和前進(jìn)，從而推動(dòng)整個(gè)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。5、開拓創(chuàng)新能力。指企業(yè)用于開拓市場，在企業(yè)經(jīng)營

6、活動(dòng)中有創(chuàng)新的精神，形成獨(dú)到的經(jīng)營特色的能力。它是企業(yè)生存發(fā)展的根本保證。6、信息利用反饋能力。指企業(yè)收集、整理、分析、傳遞國內(nèi)外市場信息、技術(shù)情報(bào)、并用以指導(dǎo)企業(yè)經(jīng)營決策，控制和調(diào)節(jié)企業(yè)經(jīng)營活動(dòng)的能力。它也是企業(yè)應(yīng)變的前提條件。由此可見，企業(yè)動(dòng)力是企業(yè)活力的內(nèi)在因素，企業(yè)自主權(quán)等是企業(yè)活力的外在條件，企業(yè)經(jīng)營能力是企業(yè)活力的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。企業(yè)只有如實(shí)地完成“想動(dòng)”、“能動(dòng)”、“會動(dòng)”這“三部曲”，才能使企業(yè)的人財(cái)物、產(chǎn)供銷協(xié)調(diào)一致，上上下下、里里外外相互配合，整個(gè)企業(yè)呈現(xiàn)一派生機(jī)，這就是活力。qcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tg

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