高級英語第二冊課件05

1、lesson fivelove is a fallacy - by max shulman aims 1.to have a basic knowledge of the terms in logic.2.to appreciate the humor in the story.3.to analyze the structure of the story4.to appreciate the language teaching contents1.special terms in logic2.detailed study of the text 3.organizational patte

2、rn4.the chief attraction of the story 5.language features 6.exercisestime allocation1. terms in logic (15 min.)2. detailed study of the text (110 min.)3. structure analysis (15 min.)4. language appreciation (15 min.)5. exercise (25 min.) lesson fiveni. special terms in logicnargument-a statement whi

3、ch is offered as an evidence or a proof.n it consists of two major elementsn1. conclusionn2. premises - a previous statement serving as a basis for an argument.n conclusion is to be drawn from premises.special terms in logicnfallacy - false reasoning, as in an argumentna weakness and lack of logic o

4、r good sense in an argument or piece of reasoningfallacy nusually, an argument is correct (deductively valid) if the premises can provide enough conclusive evidence for the conclusion. otherwise the argument is wrong. it is said to be fallacious.special terms in logicnthree kinds of fallacy:n1. mate

5、rial fallacy - in its material content through a misstatement of the facts.n2. verbal fallacy - in its wording through an incorrect use of terms.n3. formal fallacy-in its structure through the use of an improper process of inference.false analogyn high school should not require a freshman writing co

6、urse . harvard doesnt require a freshman writing course, and the students get along fine without it.n- the analogy is false because the two items dont have strong enough similarities to predict that what happens in one will happen in the other.dicta simplicitern everyone wants to get married someday

7、.n- the example starts a logical train of thought with an assumption that is false. not everyone wants to get married.evading the issuenthere are a number of handy fallacies that people press into service to side step a problem while appearing to pursue the point. (文不對題) 1）distractionn suds n puds i

8、s a great restaurant : you can see how shining clean the kitchens are .n- the example is called distraction because the readers attention is drawn to the cleanliness of the kitchen instead of to the excellence of the food, which is usually the determiner of a great restaurant.2）ad hominem nagainst t

9、he person. poisoning the welln ms bauer is a terrible english teacher. she always wears blue jeansn- instead of point out faults in teaching technique, it calls attention to things about a teacher as a person that are unrelated to her teaching performance.3）ad misericordian (an appeal to pity)n look

10、 at this fourteen-year-old child whos run away from home to hide her shame- pregnant, unwashed, friendless. penniless, at the mercy of our social service agencies. can you till claim that sex should be taught in the classroom?3）ad misericordian (an appeal to pity)n- in this shifty approach to argume

11、ntation, the writer gives tear jerking descriptions of the cruel opponents victims in order to arouse sympathy from the reader.hasty generalizationnmr wangs handwriting is terrible. mr. hus handwriting is also terrible and you know how terrible mens handwriting is .n- it applies a special case to ge

12、neral rule. that fact that certain persons handwriting is bad doesnt imply that all mens handwriting is bad.post hoc, ergo propter hoc n “after this, therefore because of thisnthe last five times that ive worn my white pants, something depressing has happened. im not going to wear those pants again!

13、n- this fallacy assumes that if event y happened after event x, then x must be the cause of y.circular reasoning nor begging the question:n juan is an impressive speaker because he always touches his listeners deeply.circular reasoning n- this problem occurs when the writer tries to support a claim

14、by restating it in different words. you can tell this example is circular by considering this “why is juan an impressive speaker?” “because he touches his listeners deeply.?” “why are juans listeners touched so deeply?” “because he is an impressive speaker.”n impressive = touching someone deeplyreel

15、 back n- step away suddenly and unsteadily, as after a blow or shockn when she hit him, he reeled back and almost fell.overcome - be overwhelmednif you are overcome by a feeling, you feel it very stronglyni was overcome by a sense of failure.nhe was overcome with astonishment.infamy nwicked behavior

16、, public dishonor, being shameful/ disgracefulninfamous nwell known for wicked, evil behavior.ninfamous action, wicked, shameful, disgracefulrat - metaphor (am. sl.)nused for describing a sneaky, contemptible person.modulate n adjust, vary the pitch, intensity of the voicensome people are able to mo

17、dulate their voices according to the size of the room in which they speak.jitterbug - n1. a quick active popular dance of the 1940sn2. a person who did this sort of dancenam. sl.na person who is very nervousnjitters - n.njittery - adj. nervous, unstablefrankensteinnthe young student in mary wollston

18、ecraft shelley (1797-1851) romance of that name (1818), a classic horror story. frankenstein made a soulless monster out of corpses from church-yards and dissecting-rooms and endued （賦予）it with life by galvanism.（流電療法） the tale shows the creature longed for sympathy, but was shunned (躲避) by everyone

19、 and became the instrument of dreadful retribution （懲罰）on the student who usurped the prerogative （特權(quán)）of the creatornhttp:/ the main idea of this lesson:nit is about a law student who tries to marry the girl after suitable re-education, but hes been too clever for his own good.nthe narrator, dobie g

20、illis, a freshman in a law school, is the protagonistprotagonist:na law school studentnvery youngnclevernover-conceited - cool, logical, keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute, astute, npowerful, precise, penetratingantagonistsn1. petey burch - pitiful, dump, roommate, faddistn2. polly espy - beaut

21、iful, gracious, stupidiii. organizational patternn4 sectionsnsect. i para 1-3n it is the authors note.n 1. the authors idea about this story.n 2. the authors idea about the purpose of this story.iii. organizational patternnsect ii para. 4 -59nthe bargain between the law student and his roommate over

22、 the exchange of the girl,iii. organizational patternnsub-divisions:n1) p4 introduction of the narrator - protagonistn2) p5-21 introduction of the first antagonist - petey burchnhe downgrades his roommate, who has nothing upstairs.n3) p22 - 27 introduction of he second antagonist - polly espyiii. or

23、ganizational patternn4) p 28-40 sounding out / finding out the relationship between petey and polly.n5) p.40 -59 unethical transaction over pollynthe student gives the raccoon coat the roommate wants, and his roommate gives his girl friend in return. they have a kind of deal.iii. organizational patt

24、ernnsect iii. para 60 - 124nthe teaching of 8 logical fallaciesn10 sub-divisions:n1. p60 -61na survey, first date with the girl, first impression of the girl. he tries to find out how stupid she is.iii. organizational patternn2. p62 - 74 the teaching of dicto simplicitern3. p75 - 79 the teaching of

25、hasty generalizationn4. p80-85 post hocn5. p86 -96 contradictory premisesn6. p97-98 interposition, he wants to give the girl back.iii. organizational patternn7. p99 -104 ad misericordiamn8. p105-108 false analogyn9. p109- 114 hypothesis contrary to factn10.p 115-124 poisoning the welliii. organizati

26、onal patternnsect.iv. para125 the ending of the storynbackfiring of all the arguments nthe girl learns her lessons too well. she uses all the logical fallacies to fight back her teacher.pay attention to the change of his emotions:n1. favoring her with a smilen2. chuckled with amusementn3. chuckled w

27、ith somewhat less amusementn4. forcing a smile/ ground my teethn5. croaked, dashed perspiration from my brown6. bellowing like a bulliv. the chief attraction of this lessonnits humornthe whole story is a piece of light, humorous satire, satirizing a smug, self-conceited freshman in a law school.iv. the chief attraction of this lessonnwhy :n1) the titlenthe title is humorous. the writer wants the readers to conclude that love is an error, a deception and an emotion that does not follow the principles of logic.iv. the chief attraction of this lessonn2) the authors noten spongy, limp, f