人教版高中英語(yǔ)選修7Unit3知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解

1、Part 1. Warming upPart 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending1.I thought ， at the time， that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many time.我當(dāng)時(shí)認(rèn)為這只是個(gè)故事，但是后來我卻多次親眼目睹了這樣的事情。witness vt. 目睹；目擊；為 作證句型 witness to (doing/having done) sth. 證明某事；證實(shí)做了某事Police are appealing to any

2、driver who may have witnessed the accident. 警方正呼吁曾目睹這事故的司機(jī)出面作證。The 1980s witnessed increasing unemployment throughout Europe.20 世紀(jì) 80 年代是全歐洲失業(yè)日益加劇的年代。Her principal was called to witness to her good character. 她的校長(zhǎng)被傳喚來證明她優(yōu)良的品質(zhì)。The driver witnessed to having seen the man enter the building. 司機(jī)作證說，他看到此

3、人進(jìn)入那棟建筑物。n. 證據(jù)；目擊者He has been a witness to a terrible murder.他目擊了一起殘忍的兇殺事件。His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment. 他身體健康證明這種療法是成功的。 2.One afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay.歸納總結(jié)accommodation n. 住處；

4、停留處；和解，調(diào)解；(pl.) 住宿，膳宿(1)make accommodations for. 為提供膳宿book accommodation at a hotel 向旅館預(yù)訂房間arrange sb.s accommodation 給某人安排住處（ 2）accommodate vt. 向提供住宿（或膳宿）；容納；為提供空間；考慮到；顧及；幫忙；給提供方便；順應(yīng)，適應(yīng)（新情況）accommodate.to=adapt.to 使適應(yīng)accommodate oneself to=adapt (oneself) to 適應(yīng)；順應(yīng) accommodate sb.with sth.=supply sb

5、.with sth. 給某人提供即學(xué)即用（1）客座藝術(shù)家們只好自掏腰包支付食宿費(fèi)用。Guest artists have to pay for their own accommodations and meals.（ 2）旅館房間不足。 The hotel accommodation is scarce.（ 3）這幢房子可容納兩家人居住。The house can accommodate two families(4) 銀行將提供一筆貸款給你。 The bank will accommodate you with a loan.(5) 你必須使自己適應(yīng)形勢(shì)。 You will have to

6、accommodate yourself to the situation.3.We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.搭配opposite to在 的對(duì)面；與 相反I sat opposite to him during the meal.吃飯的時(shí)候我坐在他的對(duì)面。The result was opposite to what we expected.結(jié)果與我們所預(yù)料的

7、正好相反。see.doing. 看見 正在做 ； throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again 在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)， 與賓語(yǔ) an enormous animal 存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系， 所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。I saw the little child crossing the street. 我看見那個(gè)小孩兒在過馬路。(1) 在感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, look at, notice, observe, feel, find 等及使役動(dòng)詞have, make, leave, keep,get 等后既可以用不定式

8、也可以用動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 不定式 (不帶 to)表示過程或動(dòng)詞完成， v.-ing 形式強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行或當(dāng)時(shí)情景。(2) 另外在感官動(dòng)詞 see, hear, feel等及使役動(dòng)詞 make, get, have, keep 等后也可用動(dòng)詞 -ed 形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 那個(gè)老板讓工人整夜地工作。I have never heard him spoken ill of. 我從未聽說過有人說他的壞話。I have my hair cut once a m

9、onth. 我每月理一次發(fā)。4. “ Come on, Clancy. To the boat George”said, as he ran ahead of me. come on（祈使句，表示勸說，激勵(lì)，不耐煩，催促）來吧，趕快，得了吧與 come 相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：come about發(fā)生come across偶然遇見come out出版come through經(jīng)歷 .仍活著 ,安然渡過come to總計(jì)come up被提出；長(zhǎng)出地面come up with提出come about , come through, come out , come up, come to , come acros

10、s1) The cost of the journey _ 3000 yuan.2) How did the accident _ ?3) When will the book _ ?4) I _ my teacher in the street yesterday .5) The seeds haven t _ yet .6) The old man _ the World War I.comes tocome aboutcome outcame acrosscome upcame through5.This was the call that announced there was abo

11、ut to be a whale hunt. 這是宣告捕鯨行動(dòng)馬上就要開始的號(hào)角。be about to do 表示打算或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但它不與表示將來時(shí)間的副詞或其他具體將來時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。但可以與when 連用，構(gòu)成固定句型。6.Within a moment or two, its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea.drag vt. 拖；拉vi. 拖曳；吸drag away 用力拖，拉drag out/on ( 使 )持續(xù)過久，拖延drag sb. down 使身體垮掉；使情緒低

12、落Her dress dragged on the floor. 她的裙子在地板上拖曳著。Angry protesters were dragged away by the police. 憤怒的抗議者被警察拖走了。They dragged out the meeting with long speeches. 他們的發(fā)言長(zhǎng)篇大論，使會(huì)議拖了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。7.“ In the meantime,Old Tom,and the others are having a good feed on its lips and tongue, ” .在這段時(shí)間里，老湯姆和其他虎鯨會(huì)飽餐一頓的，鯨唇和鯨舌就是它

13、們的美食in the meantime 意為“在期間，同時(shí)”，其同義詞是meanwhile 。for the meantime 目前，眼下8.“ Man overboard! Turn the boat around! ” urged George, shouting loudly.歸納總結(jié)urge vt. 催促；極力主張；驅(qū)策。(1)urge sth./sb.on催促某物/ 某人前進(jìn)urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事urge o doing sth. 催促某人做某事(2)urge that. 極力主張，強(qiáng)調(diào)，從句謂語(yǔ)形式為It is urged that. 堅(jiān)決要

14、求，從句謂語(yǔ)形式為（(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形should） +動(dòng)詞原形即學(xué)即用（1）他要求所有學(xué)生參加這次活動(dòng)。He argued all the students to take part in this activity.（2）我強(qiáng)調(diào)他要盡自己最大的努力。（3）有人極力主張他應(yīng)受到懲罰。I urgued that he (should) do his best.It was urgued that he should be punished.9.The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat. 那天海

15、面上風(fēng)大浪高，很難操縱船只。be+adj.+to do 在“主語(yǔ) +系動(dòng)詞 +形容詞 +不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式與主語(yǔ)在意義上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系， 但要用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義；如果不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物的，要在不定式后邊加介詞。用于這種句式中的形容詞常為：easy, difficult,heavy, hard, nice, bitter,dangerous,interesting, important, comfortable, pleasant, impossible等。此句型中還可用it 作 形式主語(yǔ)，常構(gòu)成以下結(jié)構(gòu)：It s+adj.+for sb.to do sth. 對(duì)某人來說做某事 It s+a

16、dj.+of sb.to do sth. 某人如此而做某事10.From Jamess face,I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.歸納總結(jié)abandon vt.遺棄 ,放棄； n. 放任，放縱。abandon oneself to.縱情；沉溺于abandon doing sth.放棄做某事with abandon 放縱地，放任地abandoned adj.無約束的；無度的；放蕩的【巧學(xué)助記】The child was abandoned by his parents. Eventually the abandoned

17、boy was found wandering inthe street，abandoning himself to despair. 那個(gè)孩子被他的父母遺棄了，后來有人發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)被拋棄的孩子在大街上游蕩，他已陷入了絕望。11.It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom.歸納總結(jié)(1) 在 It takes (sb.) some time/sth.to do

18、sth.句型中， take 意為“花費(fèi)，需要”，take 前也可用具體名詞作主語(yǔ)。It takes/took/will take sb.some time to do sth.是一固定句型。也可用于 It takes/took/will take sb.some money to do sth.。(2)it 作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，還可構(gòu)成以下句型：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型： It is+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 +who/that.It is the first/second time that. 某人第幾次做某事It is (high) time that sb.did/should do sth. 是某人該做的時(shí)候了 It

19、s said/reported/thought that. 據(jù)說 /報(bào)道 /認(rèn)為It s a pity/a shame/a wonder that.可惜 /奇怪的是It happens/appears/seems that.恰巧 / 好像It seems/looks as if. 看起來好像It s up to sb.to do sth.該某人做某事hold up 舉起；抬起承受?。恢尉S持；保持良好阻擋；使停頓；耽誤The pupil held up his hand to ask the teacher a question. 那個(gè)學(xué)生舉手要問老師一個(gè)問題。The chair was to

20、o weak to hold him up.那把椅子承受不住他的重量。I hope the fine weather will hold up. 我希望這么好的天氣會(huì)持續(xù)下去。提示hold up 作“阻擋，使停頓，耽誤”解時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。We were held up for five minutes in a traffic jam.我們趕上了交通阻塞，被耽誤了5 分鐘。hold 相關(guān)短語(yǔ)hold down壓制，抑制；縮減；垂下The rate of inflation must be held down. 通貨膨脹率必須控制在低水平上。 Hold it down, will you? I

21、 m trying to sleep! 小點(diǎn)聲行嗎？我要睡覺。 hold back 躊躇；阻止，抑制（感情等）；隱瞞She held back, not knowing how to break the terrible news. 她躊躇著， 不知如何說出這一可怕的消息。She just managed to hold back her anger.她勉強(qiáng)壓住了自己的怒火。hold on等著，停?。粓?jiān)持??；不掛斷；抓住不放Hold on, this isn tthe right road.等一下！這條路不對(duì)。They managed to hold on until help arrived

22、. 他們堅(jiān)持到救援來。Hold on and don tlet go until I say so.握緊，等我讓你松手時(shí)再松開。hold out伸出；提供，維持；阻止，制止They all held out their hands to welcome me.Such a situation held out for another half a month.up 相關(guān)短語(yǔ)keep up 繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持take up 開始從事于，占據(jù)，拿起bring up撫養(yǎng)，培養(yǎng)make up 組成，編造，化妝pick up拾起，學(xué)會(huì)，得到，(用車 )去接，搭載put up 搭建起，張貼，投宿set up 建立

23、，建造show up 露面，出席throw up嘔吐turn up 出現(xiàn)，出席，調(diào)高( 音量 )12. What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out?歸納總結(jié)help out 意為：幫助擺脫困境或危難help sb.(to) do sth. 幫某人做某事help (to) do sth. 幫忙做某事cannot help doing sth. 禁不住做某事cannot help but do sth. 不能不 /不得不做某事help oneself (to sth.) 自用；自取所需（食物等）help sb.w

24、ith sth. 幫助某人做某事with the help of.在幫助下 =with one s help。13.It seemed there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner. 看起來好像每個(gè)角落里都有驚喜在等著我It seemed.意為“看來 .”，其中seem 為動(dòng)詞，意為“看起來像，似乎，好像”。Part 3. Learning about LanguagePart 4. Using Language1.I m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my

25、 hand and reflecting on the day.歸納總結(jié)reflect vt.映射；反射； vi. & vt. 思考(1)reflect sb./sth.in sth. （指鏡子等）映出某人/物的影像reflect sth.from sth. 從某物（表面）反射（光、熱、聲等）reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事(2)reflection n. 反射，反照，反映；映像be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中即學(xué)即用(1) 她坐著，在思考自從他買下這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)以來發(fā)生了多少變化。She sat reflecting on how much it h

26、ad changed since he d bought the farm.(2) 這種材料吸音，而不產(chǎn)生回音。 This material absorbs the sound, and doesn t reflect it.(3) 這一事件給相關(guān)人士都造成了惡劣影響。 This incident reflects badly on everyone involved. 2.The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colors surrounding me purples, reds,oranges, yellows, blues

27、 and greens.歸納總結(jié)be/become aware of 意為：對(duì)知道，明白；意識(shí)到。(1)be aware that 知道；體會(huì)到as far as I m aware 據(jù)我所知(2)develop an awareness of.逐漸懂得lack of awareness 缺乏認(rèn)識(shí)即學(xué)即用（1）大多數(shù)人知道酒后開車的危險(xiǎn)。Most people are aware of the dangers of driving after drinking.（2）我想你還不知道這對(duì)我有多重要。I don t thinkyou re aware of how important this m

28、eans to me.（3）她發(fā)覺東西被偷了。She became aware that something had been stolen.3.The fish didn t seem to mind me swimming among them.我在這些魚中間游泳，它們似乎并不介意。Do/Would you mind if .?Do you mind doing .?.你介意嗎？不介意： Of course not.Certainly not.No, not at all.介意 :I m sorry, but I do.I m sorry, you d better not.No, go

29、ahead.Never mind 多用來寬慰對(duì)方或用作針對(duì)歉意的答語(yǔ)，意思是“沒關(guān)系，別介意”。mind 后接動(dòng)名詞有無邏輯主語(yǔ)意思不同。Do you mind opening the car door for the old lady?Do you mind my/me opening the car door for the old lady?4.a large wise-looking turtle was passing so close to me that I could have touched it.一只長(zhǎng)相聰慧的大海龜緊貼著我的身旁游過，幾乎伸手便可觸及。could have

30、 done sth. 意為“本來能做某事I could have lent you the money.Why didn(卻沒做) ” t 我you本來ask可me?以把錢借給你的，你為什么沒有向我借呢？拓展 could have done 與 might have done 也可表示推測(cè)語(yǔ)氣，意為 “可能做了某事 ”， could 多用于否定句或疑問句中。She couldn t/can t have been to London，forshe knows nothing about it. 她不可能去過倫敦，因?yàn)樗龑?duì)倫敦一無所知。He might/may have gone to slee

31、p ，for the light is turned off. 他可能已睡覺了，因?yàn)闊粢严纭?.There were other creatures that I didn t want to get too close to an eel with its strong sharpteeth， with only its head showing from a hole ， watching for a tasty fish (or my tasty toe ！)“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”表示動(dòng)作或伴隨情況，在句中一般作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。它的構(gòu)成形式為名詞形容詞/副詞 /現(xiàn)在分詞 /過去分詞 /動(dòng)詞不

32、定式 /介詞短語(yǔ)。with(1)with n.介詞短語(yǔ)The teacher entered the classroom with a thick dictionary in his hand/under his arm.老師進(jìn)了教室，手里拿著一本厚詞典/ 胳膊底下夾著一本厚詞典。(2)with n.adj .I like sleeping with all the windows open.我喜歡開著窗子睡覺。(3)with n.to do sth.With all the clothes to wash ， I will be very busy today.(4)with n.doing

33、 sth.With the boy leading the way ， they had no difficulty in finding the house.有那個(gè)男孩領(lǐng)路，他們很容易就找到了那棟房子。(5)with n.doneWith his homework finished ， the boy went out to play. 做完作業(yè)后，那男孩出去玩了。(6)with n.adv.With her mother away ， the little girl left lonely.由于媽媽離開了，小女孩感到孤獨(dú)。6.I told myself they weren t dange

34、rous but that didn t stop me from feeling scared to death for amoment!歸納總結(jié)(be) scared to death 嚇?biāo)懒薭e scared of sb./(doing)sth. 害怕某人 /恐懼 (干 )某事scare sb. into doing sth.恐嚇 /威脅某人做某事be scared to do sth.不敢干某事scare.away/off 把 嚇跑scared adj.擔(dān)驚受怕的scare vt. 恐嚇； vi. 受驚嚇。即學(xué)即用(1) 那聲音把我嚇壞了。That noise scared me.(2

35、) 他動(dòng)不動(dòng)就害怕。 He scared easily.(3) 他們點(diǎn)起火來把狼嚇跑。 They lighted a fire to the scare off wolves.(4) 有些父母試圖用嚇唬的法子使孩子守規(guī)矩。Some parents try to scare their children into behaving well7. The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended， there_was_a steep drop to the sandyocean floor.海水是淺的，但是到了珊瑚礁的盡頭,就有一個(gè)陡坡，一直

36、下降到滿是沙子的海底。where.， there be.，意為“在的地方，有”，where 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。Youd better leave the medicine where kids can你t最get好it把.藥放到孩子夠不到的地方。 Where there is a will ， there is a way.有志者，事竟成。 As far as I m concerned，you are free to go wherever you like. 就我個(gè)人而言，你愿意去哪里就去哪里本單元語(yǔ)法V-ing的用法：1.作主語(yǔ)Swimming is good for health.Ra

37、ising (raise) your hat to a lady is good manners . 對(duì)一位女士脫帽致敬是禮貌的。Being killed (kill) by sharks in the sea is a common thing .2. 作表語(yǔ)Teaching is learning. 教學(xué)相長(zhǎng)My hobby is making (make) model planes.What worried the child most was not being allowed (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital .注意：1

38、）動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以作主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示一般或抽象的多次性行為，不定式作主語(yǔ)往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。如：Playing with fire is dangerous.（泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous.（指一具體動(dòng)作）2). V-ing 形式和不定式都要有對(duì)稱性;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，表語(yǔ)也用不定式；反之，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是 V-ing形式時(shí)，表語(yǔ)也用V-ing形式。To see is to believe.= Seeing is believing.3).It snouse (good) doing sthIt s a waste of time

39、 doing sthit 作形式主語(yǔ) ,只用 V-ing, 不用不定式。It is + adj. + (for sb ) todo sthIt is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。It is a waste of time talking (talk) to him .It is important for me to learn (learn) English .3.作賓語(yǔ)V-ing形式既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ), 也可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。We would appreciate hearing from you 我們會(huì)珍惜你的來信。The bird escaped b

40、eing caught (catch) .I feel like joining (join) the army.He was afraid of being abandoned (abandon) by us.注意：在 avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on , instead of, look fo

41、rward to,object to, keep on 等后只接V-ing 形式作賓語(yǔ)。注意在 want， need， require， deserve 等動(dòng)詞之后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。Your car needs filling.你這車要充氣了。This city deserves visiting.這座城市值得光顧一下。The problem requires studying carefully . 這個(gè)問題需要認(rèn)真研究。The trees want watering . 這些樹需要澆水了。在（ be） worth 后面只能用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)態(tài)來表示被動(dòng)意義。His su

42、ggestion is worth considering.The book is worth reading.The problem is worthy of being discussed.The problem is worthy to be discussed.在 allow ， advise， forbid ， permit 等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：We don t allow smoking here.We don t allow students to smoke.4. 作定語(yǔ)5. 作狀語(yǔ)6. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) :

43、You ll find the topic being discussed (discuss) everywhere now.7.- Ving一般時(shí)和一般時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式;1) He hurried home , looking behind from time to time .2) The building being repaired is our dormitory.- Ving 的完成時(shí)和完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式1) Having lit a candle , she went out.2) Having been asked to stay , I couldn t leave .3) Hav

44、ing heard this , our teacher expressed her satisfaction .8. 在絕大數(shù)情況下，的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，但有時(shí)前可有一個(gè)名詞或代詞表示視神經(jīng)邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，這種帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的稱為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。The meeting being over, we all left the room and drove home. 會(huì)議結(jié)束后，我們都離開房間開車走了。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。9. 有少數(shù)并不表示句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，而是表示說話人的態(tài)度。Generally

45、speaking, the novel is not very inspiring.總的來說，這部小說并不感人。Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. 從你說的情況看，他應(yīng)能成功。Practice1.- What made Bill so angry?- _. His girl friend promised tocome at 8:30, but she hasn t come yet.A. Having kept waitingB. Being kept waitingC. To be kept waitingD. Being kep

46、t waited2.The building _ in our school is forus teachers. Though there s noise most of the day, we stillfeel happy about it.A. builtB. having been builtC. to be builtD. being built3.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caughtD. to catch4.While shopping, peo

47、ple sometimes can t help _ into buying something they don t reallyA. to persuadedB. persuadingC. being persuaded D. be persuaded5._ many times, the boy still didn t know exerciseshowtodo. theA. Having taughtB. Having been taughtC. taughtD. Teaching6._ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the fil

48、m.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. Been toldD. Telling7.He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.A. been calledB. calledC. having calledD. being called8.Do you mind _ alone at home?A. Jane leavingB.Jane having leftC. Jane s being leftD. Jane to be left9 When I called Mrs Smi

49、th to ask howthingswere， she toldme thatfour-fifths of thehouses_.A have been selling outB are selling outC had been sold outD have sold out10 The book which deals with the cultures and customs of Canada_well in China.A is soldB is sellingCwas soldDhad sold11 Let s hurry.The film is beginning.Oh ，I

50、was afraid that the beginning_.A is already missedB will be missedC has already been missedD had already been missed12 She didn t speak to me yesterday.She was unhappy.Well ， she seemed to_about it.A have been toldB be toldChaving been toldD being toldBDCCBADCCB DAFill in the blanks :1._ (turn) to the right , you will find the place you want .2. _ (ask) to put on performance , she refused .3. _ (finish) his work , Henry went home .4. _ (learn) new words is useful.5. He disliked _ (interrupt)in his experiment .6. I apologize for _(not, wait) for you .7. _ (not, receive) an answer , I wrote to