膜分離工程-第七章-納濾

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1膜分離工程膜分離工程-第七章第七章-納濾納濾溶 質(zhì)RONF單價(jià)離子(Na+，K+，Cl-，NO3-)989990細(xì)菌、病毒9999微溶質(zhì)(Mw100)9050微溶質(zhì)(Mw100)090050納濾的特點(diǎn)高價(jià)態(tài)的離子截留率明顯高于一價(jià)離子，對(duì)于陰離子的截留率由大到小的順序?yàn)椋禾妓岣蛩岣鶜溲醺入x子硝酸根；陽(yáng)離子的同樣順序?yàn)椋恒~離子鈣離子鎂離子鉀離子鈉離子氫離子膜對(duì)離子的截留效應(yīng)受離子半徑的影響。納濾膜的制備方法納濾膜的應(yīng)用表表1 1納濾膜對(duì)水中礦物質(zhì)的去除效果納濾膜對(duì)水中礦物質(zhì)的去除效果優(yōu)質(zhì)水產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)水產(chǎn)量量(t/h)(t/h)電導(dǎo)率電導(dǎo)率(s/cm)(s/cm)總?cè)芙庑怨腆w總?cè)芙庑怨腆w(

2、mg/L)(mg/L)原水原水優(yōu)質(zhì)水優(yōu)質(zhì)水去除率去除率(%)(%)原水原水優(yōu)質(zhì)水優(yōu)質(zhì)水去除率去除率(%)(%)1 1249249100.4100.459.659.612512550.250.259.859.81 168068037037045.645.633833818518545.345.31 169269236136148.048.034634618018047.947.91 168368336236246.946.934234218118147.047.01 153653630630642.942.926826815315342.942.90.50.568468433633650.850

3、.833533516816849.849.81 11002100257257242.942.950050028628642.842.81 182082040240250.950.941041020120151.051.01 111611641.241.264.564.5585820.620.664.564.51.51.528628610110164.664.6143143505065.065.01 13483481.41.470.170.1174174525270.170.11 141541513413467.767.720820867.067.067.867.8納濾膜對(duì)總硬度的去除率比其對(duì)陽(yáng)

4、離子的去除率波動(dòng)更大，從54%95%不等。對(duì)同一組水樣，納濾膜對(duì)總硬度、鈣離子、鎂離子的去除率基本相同，且明顯大于其對(duì)銨離子的去除率。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，同樣條件下，納濾膜對(duì)總硬度的去除率大于其對(duì)陽(yáng)離子的去除率，這可能源于納濾膜對(duì)二價(jià)離子(Ca2+、Mg2+)的去除率大于對(duì)一價(jià)離子(如銨離子)的去除率。 表表2 2納濾膜對(duì)水中總硬度及鈣、鎂、銨離子的去除效果納濾膜對(duì)水中總硬度及鈣、鎂、銨離子的去除效果優(yōu)質(zhì)優(yōu)質(zhì)水產(chǎn)水產(chǎn)量量(t/h)(t/h)總硬度總硬度(CaCO(CaCO3 3 mg/L)mg/L)鈣離子鈣離子(mg/L)(mg/L)鎂離子鎂離子(mg/L)(mg/L)銨離子銨離子( (以氮計(jì)，以氮計(jì)

5、，mg/L)mg/L)原水原水去除率去除率(%)(%)原水原水去除率去除率(%)(%)原水原水去除率去除率(%)(%)預(yù)處理預(yù)處理出水出水去除率去除率(%)(%)1.51.569.669.671.471.419.519.569.069.05.05.077.877.80.420.4226.226.20.50.5190.2190.263.563.543.943.964.964.919.619.661.761.70.820.8251.251.21 1217.4217.461.261.259.359.360.760.715.015.057.557.50.440.4470.970.91 1148.014

6、8.094.994.941.341.395.495.410.910.993.893.80.260.2680.780.71 1208.0208.054.054.054.854.849.349.317.317.363.063.00.600.6026.626.61 1172.4172.481.681.654.054.081.981.99.19.180.280.20.370.3751.451.41 1202.4202.480.580.546.546.580.680.621.821.881.281.21.921.9242.742.71 1144.3144.358.558.539.839.856.556.510.510.560.960.91.881.8850.050.0行行 業(yè)業(yè)處理對(duì)象處理對(duì)象行行 業(yè)業(yè)處理對(duì)象處理對(duì)象制藥工業(yè)制藥工業(yè)母液中有效成分的回收母液中有效成分的回收抗菌素的分離純化抗菌素的分離純化維生素的分離純化維生素的分離純化氨基酸的脫鹽與純化氨基酸的脫鹽與純化化工行業(yè)化工行業(yè)酸堿純化、回收酸堿純化、回收電鍍液中銅的回收電鍍液中銅的回收食品工業(yè)食品工業(yè)脫鹽與濃縮脫鹽與濃縮苛性堿回收苛性