最新近三年高考英語語法真題分類匯編(5)：代詞、介詞與介詞短語(2)

1、最新近三年高考英語語法真題分類匯編(5)：代詞、介詞與介詞短語1一、2020年高考真題1.（2020·新課標I卷語法填空）Data about the moons composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.69【答案】much【解析】考查形容詞。句意：關(guān)于月亮構(gòu)成的數(shù)據(jù)，比如它含有多少水和其他財富，可以幫助中國決定它未來

2、月球基地的計劃是否實用。ice是不可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)使用much修飾，故填much。70【答案】its【解析】考查代詞。句意同上。根據(jù)空后的名詞plans可知，此處應(yīng)使用形容詞性物主代詞its，故填its。2.（2020·新課標I卷短文改錯）After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove，I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.【答案】將off改為on【解析】考查介詞。句意：之后我把油倒進一個平底鍋，然后開火。根據(jù)I poured oil into a pan及常識可知，把油

3、倒進鍋里后應(yīng)是打開爐子，所以此處應(yīng)使用短語turn on，故將off改為n。3.（2020·新課標I卷短文改錯）Not that way，my mom tried to stop us but failed.【答案】將us改為me【解析】考查代詞。句意：“不是那樣?！蔽业膵寢尡M力阻止我，但是失敗了。根據(jù)上文可知，是作者一個人做菜，此處指媽媽盡力阻止“我”，應(yīng)使用第一人稱單數(shù)的賓格，故將us改為me。4.（2020·新課標II卷語法填空）Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of goo

4、d fortune and wealth.【答案】than【解析】考查短語。句意：桔子樹不僅僅是裝飾品；more than不僅僅，不只是。故填than。5.（2020·新課標II卷短文改錯）Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.【答案】去掉on【解析】考查介詞。句意：我們就可以每天一起練習。介詞on后接的是具體時間。every day 譯為“每一天”，前不能用有任何介詞修飾。故on多余，應(yīng)去掉。6.（2020·新課標II卷短文

5、改錯）Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China. 【答案】將yours改為your【解析】考查代詞。句意：祝你在中國學習功夫好運。分析句子，best luck of you 譯為“祝你好運”是固定短語。故將your改為you。句中的yours為名詞性物主代詞，不可修飾后面的動名詞。故將yours改為your。6.（2020·新課標III卷語法填空）The artist was finally humbled (謙卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.【答案】on【解

6、析】考查介詞。句意：這位藝術(shù)家最終被世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家大自然母親所折服。結(jié)合句意表示“在世界上”短語為on earth。故填on。7. （2020·江蘇卷單項填空）Taking on this challenge will bring you _ someone who shares your interests.A. in exchange forB. in answer toC. in contact withD. in memory of【答案】C【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意:接受這個挑戰(zhàn)會讓你和你有共同興趣的人接觸。A. in exchange for作為交換；B. in

7、 answer to回答；C. in contact with接觸，與有聯(lián)系；D. in memory of紀念。根據(jù)空后someone who shares your interests及常識可知，此處指“和與你有共同興趣的人接觸”。故選C。8. （2020·江蘇卷單項填空）This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for _.A. whicheverB. wheneverC. whereverD. whatever【答案】D【解析】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意:這

8、個演員通常在表演前就已經(jīng)計劃好了前兩個技巧，然后全力以赴。A. whichever無論哪個；B. whenever無論何時；C. wherever無論何地；D. whatever無論什么。分析句子成分可知，此處做goes for的賓語，指代“任何事情”，whatever符合語境。故選D。9（2020·天津卷單項填空）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake _ a monkey.Ain the shape ofBbeyond the reach ofCat the mercy ofDon the side of【答案】A【解析】

9、考查介詞短語辨析。句意:我五歲生日的時候，媽媽給我烤了一個猴子形狀的蛋糕。A. in the shape of呈形狀；B. beyond the reach of超出的能力之外C. at the mercy of 受的支配；D. on the side of擁護，站在的一邊。蛋糕是猴子“形狀”的。故選A。10.（2020·山東卷語法填空）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模擬) and imagine 42 (they) living at a different

10、time in history or 43（walking）(walk)through a rainforest.【答案】themselves【解析】考查反身代詞。句意：除了觀賞展品，游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲，想象自己生活在一個不同的歷史時期，或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處指代visitors，意為“他們自己”，應(yīng)使用反身代詞。故填themselves。11.（2020·山東卷語法填空）Museums must compete 45 peoples spare time and money with other amusements.【答案】for【解析】考查介詞。句意:博物館必須和其他

11、娛樂活動競爭人們的業(yè)余時間和金錢。此處是固定短語:compete for，意為“為了競爭”。故填for。12.（2020·浙江卷語法填空）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56，through agriculture.56【答案】in【解析】考查介詞。句意：公元前10000年以后，人們第一次真正嘗試通過農(nóng)業(yè)來控制他們所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _”應(yīng)是之前名詞the world的定語從句，定語從句引導詞被省略，可推

12、知先行詞應(yīng)是在從句中作賓語，即：they lived in the world. live in+名詞，意為“居住在某地”。故填in。22019年高考真題1.【2019·天津卷·單項填空】3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them【答案】B【解析】考查代詞。句意：一項研究表明，參加課外活動的學生比不參加課外活動的學生更開心?？崭裉幋~與the studen

13、ts是對應(yīng)關(guān)系，可以用the ones或者those替代?！皌hem”指代的是前邊提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，不能與the students形成對應(yīng)關(guān)系?！皌hese”一般不用定語從句修飾。故選B。2.【2019·江蘇卷·單項填空】27.Favorable policies are _ to encourage employees' professional development.A. in effectB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape【答案】A【解析】考查介詞短語。句意：好的制度政策實際上都會激發(fā)員工的專業(yè)水平的提升。A. in effe

14、ct實際上；B. in command指揮；C. in turn輪流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，處于良好的狀態(tài)。故選A。3.【2019·新課標I卷·語法填空】Modem methods _63_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介詞用法。此處tracking polar b

15、ear populations作Modern methods的定語，用of 連接，“methods of doing sth.”，意為“的方法”，構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)?；蛘咭鉃椤皩τ诟櫛睒O熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。4.【2019·新課標III卷·語法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _63_ dogs，seven to be exact.【答案】of【解析】考查介詞?！癮 pack of”意為“一群”。故填of。5.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】But can uniforms

16、help improve school standards? The answer _61_ this question is not clear.【答案】to【解析】考查介詞。句意：這個問題的答案不清楚。the key/answer to .這是固定搭配，“的答案是”。故填to。6.（2019·北京卷·語法填空）Nervously _facing_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _3_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.【答案】myself 【解析】考查代詞。句意：緊張地面

17、對挑戰(zhàn)，我知道我將輕聲對自己說兩個簡單的字“做你自己”。本句的主語是I，當賓語與主語是同一人稱時，賓語要用反身代詞。故填myself。7.【2019·新課標III卷·短文改錯】In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourself in the historical environment that is created for them. 【答案】yourself改為themselves【解析】考查代詞的用法。customers是句子的主語，故把 yourselves改為 themselves。*8.【2019·新課標III卷

18、83;語法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining _so_ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take _62_ (get)there.【答案】to get【解析】考查非謂語。句意：我們?nèi)滩蛔∠胫肋€要多久才能到那里。該句中考查了固定用法：It takes time to do sth.：花時間做某事，該句式中it作形式主語，time做賓語，使用不定式作真正的主語。而句中只是在對賓語時間，用how long 對其進行提問，不影響不定式的使用，故答案為to get。32

19、018年高考真題1.【2018·北京】14. Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.A. for B. on C. in D. at【答案】A【解析】考查介詞。句意：早上好，Lee先生辦公室。早上好。我想預(yù)約下周三下午（和Mr. Lee見面）。make an appointment for意為“為預(yù)約”，是固定搭配，故A選項正確。點睛：make an appointment with sb.和某人預(yù)約；make an appointment for為預(yù)約。2.【2018·天津】11. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went _.A. at first B. after allC. above all D. at random【答案】B【解析】句意：鮑勃認為他不能去參加聚會，因為他不得不寫一份報告，但它畢竟還是去了。at first 首先；after all畢竟，終究；above all首先；at random隨便地。根據(jù)前面的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞可知，與前面的情況相反