高考英語定語從句用法講解及專練(共11頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高考英語定語從句用法講解及專練一.定義：1.定語從句：修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why等。關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：1，引導(dǎo)定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。3結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句二.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(1) The boys who are playing football are

2、from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷浴?1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定語從

3、句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I sa

4、w this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時(shí)，常用限定詞 名詞+of which或 of which+ 限定詞 名詞結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will

5、 soon be repaired.三.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for whic

6、h you asked.注意：1. 含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom，不可用who或者that，不可以省略；指物時(shí)用which，不能用that，不可以省略；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my f

7、riend. (T)(2) The man with who/that you talked is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) He loved his parents deeply

8、, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of  which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.4.限制性定語從句只能用that 的幾種情況 1當(dāng)先行詞是some (something 除外),anything, everything, nothing,/ few, little,/a

9、ll, none, 等代詞時(shí)，或者是由some, any, every, no,/ few, little,/ all, much /the very, the only，one of等修飾時(shí) (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is

10、 little that I can do for you. (5) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, (6) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. (7) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has

11、 a sense of duty won't do such a thing.2.  當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾或本身是序數(shù)詞 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3.  當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾或本身是形容詞最高級 (1) This is the best film that I have seen.4.   當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時(shí) (1) Who is the man that is standing

12、there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?5. 當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有物時(shí) (1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?6.  在There be句型中7.先行詞在主句中做表語，或關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語。經(jīng)典習(xí)題：1. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?     A. that    

13、;    B. where     C. in which    D. the one 2. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday?     A. that         B. where    C. which    

14、0; D. the one 3. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?     A. that         B. where     C. which      D. the one 四關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. when指時(shí)間，在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語(1) I still remember the day when

15、I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don't know t

16、he reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/wher

17、e I was born.五限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句1.區(qū)別：1) 形式：非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間通常有逗號，而限制性定語從句與先行詞之間則無逗號。The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.2) 關(guān)系：限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系非常密切，是先行詞不可缺少的部分；而非限制性定語從句在意義上只是先行詞的一個(gè)附加修飾語，對先行詞只起進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明的

18、作用。3) 先行詞：限制性定語從句的先行詞一般為單個(gè)的名詞或代詞，非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是整個(gè)句子或其中的一部分。2.非限制性定語從句的“四個(gè)不能”1) 非限制性定語從句通常不能用that引導(dǎo)。2) 非限制性定語從句不能用why引導(dǎo)，要用for which 代替。I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting.3) 由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不能用as。4) 指人的關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)用whom，不能省略。注意:區(qū)分以下幾個(gè)句子的不同理解即可 (1) His brother who is now

19、 a doctor always encourages him to go to college.  他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學(xué)。（他還有其他的哥哥） (2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.   他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學(xué)。（他只有一個(gè)哥哥）難點(diǎn)分析    （一）關(guān)系代詞as和which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句 as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1先

20、行詞：As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個(gè)句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. 位置：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句或先行詞之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, a

21、s we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don't believe. 注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，常用which3. 當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same，so, as修飾時(shí)，常用as (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells. (2) He is

22、not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當(dāng)先行次由the same修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是和由as 所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同A. She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding. 她穿著她在Mary婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。B. She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.     她穿著和她

23、妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。（二）以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.（三）區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句1)從句和先行詞的關(guān)系：定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說明的關(guān)系 (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London.     定語從句 (2) The f

24、act that he has been dead is clear.     同位語從句2)關(guān)系詞：同位語從句的連詞that不能省略，而定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that，當(dāng)其在從句中作賓語、表語時(shí)可省略，作主語也不可省略。Ive heard the news that he visited our factory.Ive heard the news that he told you the other day當(dāng)when, why, where引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，它們?yōu)檫B接副詞。雖然它們在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，但前面卻沒有與其意義相當(dāng)?shù)南刃性~。I have no

25、 idea when he will be back.     。The problem where we got the machine needed has already been solved.引導(dǎo)定語從句的when, where, why是關(guān)系副詞， 在其前面分別有表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式意義的名詞作先先詞。I will never forget the day when I joined the League.The factory where I once worked has changed a lot.(四)定語從句的做題方法：一找出主句，確定

26、先行詞；二.找出從句，判斷從句是否完整(是否符合簡單句的基本構(gòu)成)否，用關(guān)系代詞；是，用關(guān)系副詞。定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed &

27、#160;   B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at  D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _I'll never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _we'll visi

28、t next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year  B. that have shownC. that has been shown th

29、is year   D. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked   B. which you talkedC. about that you talked    D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at

30、a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. who's C. which D. whose14.I'm interested in _yo

31、u have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isn't such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _to the conc

32、ert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I don't like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what2

33、1.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.You're the only person _I've ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book

34、, _I can't remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I

35、can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason _he didn't come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that

36、 D. for which30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31.The reason _he didn't come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32.He is wor

37、king hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _used in your

38、 factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _

39、would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened?  - Yes, he told me all _ he kn

40、ew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. own

41、s; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside ho

42、use.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought t

43、wo ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 定于從句參考答案及解析:1. A. which用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。2C. "和誰講話”要說speak to sb. 本題全句應(yīng)為Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。w

44、hom是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，可以省略。3. D. where是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。4. C. when是關(guān)系副詞，表示時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。5A. which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個(gè)答案都不能作賓語。6C. 解析同第5題。7. A. 解析見第3題。8. A. 本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此，關(guān)系代詞that是負(fù)數(shù)概念，其謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動語態(tài)have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the，則the one應(yīng)該視為先行詞。9. A. “談到某事物”應(yīng)說talk about sth.。about是介

45、詞，其后要用which作賓語，不能用that。10. A. with which是"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu),常用來引導(dǎo)定語從句.with有"用"的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定語從句中作狀語,即he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在從句中作狀語.12. D. with whom引導(dǎo)定語從句.with whom放在從句中即為:my father works with

46、the engineer.13. D. whose引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作主語family的定語.14. A. that引導(dǎo)定語從句,因?yàn)橄刃性~是all,所以只能選用that引導(dǎo).15. D. the same.as是固定用法, as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語.16. D. such as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本題中,as作表語.17. B. as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨(dú)用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。這時(shí)as所指代的不是主句中某個(gè)名詞，而往往指代整個(gè)主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在

47、本句中,as作賓語.18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定語從句.with whom放在從句中為:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19. C. as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。 as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí),要用such a.,本題中such books, such直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.20. B. thin

48、gs和persons是先行詞.當(dāng)定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人,又表示物的名詞時(shí),其關(guān)系代詞要用that.21. D. who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語.22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D. 先行詞person后有兩個(gè)定語從句,第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因?yàn)? whom作從句中met的賓語,可以省略.第二個(gè)從句who could do it.who在從句中作主語,不可省略.24. A. whose title引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,whose title也可以說成the title of which25. A. for which 引導(dǎo)定語從句,使用介詞for,是來自