最全的虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí)10頁

1、虛擬語氣語氣：動詞的一種形式，表說話人對發(fā)生的動作或所處的狀態(tài)持有的態(tài)度或看法。英語中包括有：陳述事實(shí)的陳述語氣；提出請求、命令等的祈使語氣；表主觀愿望和假想虛擬的虛擬語氣。 一、 用在一般虛擬條件句中的虛擬語氣  從句中提出一種與客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)不相符或根本不可能存在的條件，主句會產(chǎn)生的一種不可能獲得的結(jié)果。條件句中的虛擬語氣根據(jù)不同的時間有三種不同的形式。時間 從句謂語形式 主句謂語形式 將來動詞過去式(be用were)should + 動詞原形were to + 動詞原形 would / should / might / could + 動詞原形現(xiàn)在動詞過

2、去式(be 用 were)would / should / might / could + 動詞原形過去had +動詞過去分詞would / should / might / could have + 動詞過去分詞(1) 將來時的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清華大學(xué)的話，他就會充分利用他的時間了。If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要來的話，他會通知我們一聲。(2)

3、 現(xiàn)在時的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的話，它會幫助我們的。If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的話，它會對你很熟悉。(3) 過去時的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看過這場電影，我會把電影內(nèi)容告訴你了。If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早點(diǎn)到

4、那兒，我就會會到了李先生。 運(yùn)用條件句中的虛擬語氣時，須注意的幾個問題有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句的動作若不是同時發(fā)生時，須區(qū)別對待。從句的動作與過去事實(shí)相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會是工程師了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會來這里了。從句的動作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動作與過去事實(shí)不符。如：If he

5、were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的話，我們會已經(jīng)派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認(rèn)識她的話，他肯定會去問候她了。從句的動作與過去發(fā)生的情況相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況相反。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的話，莊家會長得更好。If he had been working hard, h

6、e would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的話，他現(xiàn)在已進(jìn)了辦公室了。當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had時，if可省略，而將were, should, had等詞置于句首。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話，她會同意我們的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have h

7、ired him to work here. 如果她懂一些電腦知識的話，我們會已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了二、其他狀語從句的虛擬語氣1. 目的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣(1) 在for fear that, in case, lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，若用虛擬語氣時，從句謂語為： should + 動詞原形。并且 should不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進(jìn)入。He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出

8、發(fā)了以防遲到。(2) 在so that, in order that所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，從句中的謂語為： can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 動詞原形。 He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近說話的人以便能聽得更清楚。He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很仔細(xì)以便不漏掉一個單詞。2. 讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣(1) 在

9、even if, even though 所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，可用虛擬語氣，主句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與if所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他親自來也不知該怎么辦。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 及時華佗再世也就不了他。(2) 在whatever， whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語

10、從句中，從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為： may +動詞原形(指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管發(fā)生什么事，我們都要按時完成。We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 無論他在哪里，我們都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他來的多么晚，我都會等他。 may +完成式(指過去) ，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。如：You mustnt be proud wh

11、atever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的進(jìn)步，你也不能驕傲。We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯過什么錯誤，我們必須尊敬他。(3) 在though, although等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為 should +動詞原形，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。如：Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 盡

12、管他經(jīng)常遲到，他還是個好學(xué)生。Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 盡管他是書記，他也必須遵守規(guī)定。3. 方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣as if, as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句常用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動作之前had + 過去分詞與主句動作同時發(fā)生過去時(be 用were )發(fā)生在主句動作之后would / could / might / should+原形動詞例如：They began to talk warmly as if they had kno

13、wn each other for long. 他們開始熱烈的談?wù)撈饋砭秃孟袼麄円严嗷フJ(rèn)識很久了。He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來了。4. 原因狀語從句中的虛擬語氣amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset等后面的狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should + 原形動詞(指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。如：He was angry that y

14、ou should call him by name. 他很生氣，你竟然對他直呼其名。I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很驚訝他竟答不出如此簡單的問題。 should + 完成式, 指過去。如：Im very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遺憾，你這次考試竟然失敗了。I was very surprised that father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃驚，父親竟指導(dǎo)我昨

15、天所作的事情。三、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1英語中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(堅決要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建議) 表示請求、要求、命令或建議等意義的動詞所接的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，起虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should) + 原形動詞。如：The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老師勸我們要好好地利用在這兒的每一分鐘。The Party asked that we should s

16、erve the people with our heart and soul. 黨要求我們要全心全意地為人民服務(wù)。但是，當(dāng)insist的意思為：堅決認(rèn)為，堅持說；suggest的意思為：表明，暗含，暗示等時，賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。如：Tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch. 湯姆堅持說他沒有偷那塊手表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考試中成功了。2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等動詞的否定句

17、或疑問句中的賓語從句常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should + 原形動詞。如：Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟殺死了一只老虎？Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 你能想象得到他在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中竟獲得了第一名？3. 英語中，wish之后的賓語從句，表示一種沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)或根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動作之前(1)had + 過去分詞；與主句動作

18、同時發(fā)生過去時(be 用were )發(fā)生在主句動作之后would / could / might / should + 原形動詞例如：I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我學(xué)好了英語。I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他們一起在那兒。He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我們能去跟他做游戲。4. 英語中，would rather, had rather, would sooner，would prefer等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)

19、不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。起虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)過去had + 過去分詞； 現(xiàn)在過去時(be 用were ) 將來過去時(be 用were ) 例如：Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那兒。四、主語從句中的虛擬語氣在表達(dá)驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的主語從句中常使用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should + 動

20、詞原形，主句中的謂語動詞形式不限。句型：(1) It is admirable（令人欽佩的） / dreadful（令人畏懼的） / extraordinary（令人驚奇的） / odd（奇怪的） / remarkable（顯著的，奇異的） / sad / advisable（明智的，適當(dāng)?shù)模?/ annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious（好奇的） / desirable(合意的) / important / strange / peculiar（奇怪的）

21、/ proper / necessary / natural that(2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder. that(3) It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /. that (4) It worries me that如：It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我們先把功課學(xué)好很重要。It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪，他竟沒有來。It is a pity t

22、hat we should not meet last night. 真遺憾我們昨天晚上沒有見過面。It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我們竟要受責(zé)備真讓人煩惱。五、表語從句及同位語從句中虛擬語氣英語中，表示請求、要求、命令、建議等名詞advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充當(dāng)句子的主語而后面接表語從句或它們后面接同位語時，都須用

23、虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should) + 動詞原形。如：We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我們接受了他的建議：我們應(yīng)該請求老師的幫助。He told us his idea that he should go to university. 他告訴了我們他的想法：他想上大學(xué)。His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建議就是我們的工作要更細(xì)心些。Their plan is that they should bu

24、ild a new factory in their hometown. 他們的計劃就是在家鄉(xiāng)建一座新工廠。六、定語從句中的虛擬語氣英語中，表示：“早該做某事了”時，定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is (high / about) time that + 主語+ 動詞的過去式/ should + 動詞原形。如：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。It is high time you should go to work. 你早該上班了。 六、由下列名詞或

25、短語引導(dǎo)，或含有某些詞的從句中應(yīng)用的虛擬語氣   1 “whether不管、無論”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，有時用動詞原形。   All things, whether you know or don' t know, exist in the world.  2用“had hoped”表示原來希望做到而實(shí)際上未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情，其賓語從句的謂語用“would 動詞原形”。   I

26、0;had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.  3用“without/but for/in the absence of ”表示“要不是”，“假如沒有”（相當(dāng)于if it

27、60;were not for）表示條件時，句中一般用虛擬語氣。（也可用陳述語氣）   Without your help, I couldn' t finish my work on time.   In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.  4由“providin

28、g (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that（如果，在條件下）/ in order that”引導(dǎo)的條件從句或目的從句，根據(jù)情況，可用虛擬語氣。（有時也可用陳述語氣）They are willing to surrender（投降） provided they are given free passage.  5. 表示“祝愿”時，常用“may + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其

29、他”。如：May you have a good journey! 祝你一路順風(fēng)。May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永駐。6. 表示強(qiáng)烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”時，常用動詞原形。如：Long live the Communist Party of China. 中國共產(chǎn)黨萬歲。God bless us. 上帝保佑。7. 表示對過去情況的責(zé)備時，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：“情態(tài)動詞 + have + 過去分詞”。 You should have got here earlier. 你應(yīng)該早就到這里了。You should have returned it t

30、o him. 你應(yīng)該把他還給他了。 虛擬語氣專項練習(xí)  1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier.  A. will be B. would have been  C. could have been  D. would be2. If she had worked harder, she _.   A. would succeed   B. had succeeded 

31、0; C. should succeed  D. would have succeeded3. If he _, he _ that food.    Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken   C. would be warned; had not taken     D. would h

32、ave been warned; had not taken4. If he _ me his telephone number yesterday, I _ able to ring him up now.   A. told; would be  B. had told; would be  C. had told; would have been   D. told; am5.If I_ you, I _to Australia with Mr. Smith.A. had been; would go  B.

33、 were; had gone  C. were; would have gone  D. am; will go6. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today.    A. is   B. will be   C. would have been   D. would be7. Our monitor was absent. Otherwise I _ the chair.A. would not tak

34、e   B. didn't take   C. hadn't taken    D. wouldn't have taken8. The experiment has failed!  I suggest that you _ again.    A. try     B. trying   C. will try   D. would try9. His silence at th

35、e meeting suggested that he _ to your plan.A. didn't agree  B. hadn't agreed   C. wouldn't agree    D. not agree10. The father insisted his daughter _ a rich man.    A. would be engaged to  B. be engaged to  C. should engage to 

36、 D. must be engaged to11. She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him, but he didn't believe.     A. hadn't spoken   B. shouldn't speak    C. wouldn't speak   D. not speak12. I stayed at a hotel while in New York.   O

37、h, did you? You _ with Barbara.    A. could have stayed  B. could stay   C. would stay   D. must have stayed13. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustn't leave  B. shouldn't have left  C. couldn't have left 

38、; D. needn't leave14. There was plenty of time. She _.A. mustn't have hurried  B. needn't have hurried  C. must not hurry  D. couldn't have hurried15. I wish I _ you yesterday.   A. seen   B. did see     C. had seen

39、0;    D. were to see16. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going.   A. had been; would have prevented  B. had been; would prevent   C. were; would prevent        D. were; would have prevented17. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy.   A. might have given  B. might give   C. may have given     D. may give18. If it _ for t