2022屆高考英語一輪總復習專題8并列句和狀語從句課件新人教版

1、語法專題突破專題八并列句和狀語從句專題八并列句和狀語從句考點精講考點一常見并列句的類型及并列連詞一并列句類型并列連詞并列關系(遞進關系)and，bothand，not onlybut also，neithernor等轉折或對比關系but，yet，whereas，while等選擇關系or，or else，eitheror，not but等因果關系for，so等both peter and tom are from south africa. 彼得和湯姆都來自南非。first，my english is very good and im open-minded and warm-hearted，s

2、o im getting along well with everyone. 首先，我的英語很好，而且我性格外向、很熱心，因此我和每個人都相處得很好。he tried hard to catch up with his classmates，but he failed. 他盡力趕上同學們，但是失敗了。the children can go with us，or they can stay in. 孩子們可以跟我們去，也可以待在家。he must have been caught in the rain，for he is wet all over. 他肯定被雨淋了，因為他渾身都濕了?？键c二并列

3、連詞構成的常用句型1and構成的句型(1)祈使句and陳述句(祈使句相當于一個條件狀語從句，and后面的句子相當于一個表示結果的主句)。work hard，and you will succeed( if you work hard，you will succeed)努力學習，你就會成功。(2)名詞詞組and陳述句(名詞詞組相當于一個條件狀語從句，其中常含有more，another等詞)。another try，and youll make a success. 再試一次，你就會取得成功。2or (else)構成的句型 (1)祈使句or (else)陳述句。seize the chance，o

4、r (else) youll regret. 抓住這次機會，否則你會后悔的。(2)名詞詞組or (else)陳述句。more healthy food，or (else) youll break down sooner or later. 多吃健康食品，不然你的身體遲早會垮掉。3when構成的句型when引起并列句，意為“正在這時”，表示某件事正在發(fā)生或剛要發(fā)生或剛剛完成時，突然發(fā)生另一動作。(1)sbbe doing sth. when某人正在做某事，這時last monday，i was walking in the street when i suddenly saw an old ma

5、n fall off his bicycle. 上周一，我正在街上散步，這時我突然看到一位老人從自行車上摔了下來。(2)sbbe about to do sth. when某人正要做某事，這時we were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. 我們正打算動身，突然下起雨來了。(3)sb. be on the point of doing sth. when某人正要做某事，這時she was on the point of going to bed when someone knocked at the door. 她正要上床睡覺，突

6、然有人敲門。(4)sbhad just done sth. when某人剛做完某事，這時i had just finished sweeping the floor when the telephone rang. 我剛剛掃完地，這時電話鈴響了?？键c一時間狀語從句1when，while和as的用法二狀語從句連詞含義及用法例句when“當時候”，可與延續(xù)性動詞或短暫性動詞連用；從句動作可以發(fā)生在主句動作之前、之后或與主句動作同時發(fā)生when you apply for a job，you must present your certificates. 當你申請工作時，你必須遞交你的有關證件。連詞

7、含義及用法例句while“當時候”，一般只可與延續(xù)性動詞連用，從句動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal. 客人們就要吃完飯的時候，瑪麗去煮咖啡了。as“隨著”，常與延續(xù)性動詞連用，從句動作與主句動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生as he grew older，he became less active. 隨著他逐漸長大，他變得不那么活潑了。2before，since的用法(1)before表示“在之前；還未就；還沒有來得及就”。常用句式：it will be/was一段時間before要過/過了時間才

8、；it wont be/ wasnt一段時間 before沒過多久就we need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it. 在我們解決問題之前，我們需要找到問題的根源。(2)since意為“自以來”，常用句式：it is/ has been一段時間 since從句(常用過去時)。since 從句的時態(tài)若是一般過去時，主句的時態(tài)常用現在完成時或現在完成進行時。as is reported，it is over 100 years since qinghua university was founded. 正如所報道的，清

9、華大學自建立以來已有一百多年了。3till/until的用法till/until用于肯定句表示“直到為止”，其主句謂語動詞必須為延續(xù)性動詞；not until/till表示“直到才”，not所在的主句的謂語動詞必須為非延續(xù)性動詞。until 可用于句首，而till 不能。if you dont understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out. 如果你遇到不懂的東西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交談，直到你把它弄明白。she didnt start the le

10、sson until the pupils settled down. 等學生們安靜下來后，她才開始上課。4表示“一就”的連詞(1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly等the moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy. 我阿姨苦讀四年之后獲得了文憑，那一刻她欣喜萬分。(2)在hardlywhen，no soonerthan結構中，主句用過去完成時，when或than所

11、在的從句用一般過去時。i had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once. 我剛到辦公室，妻子就打電話讓我回家。考點二地點狀語從句(where，wherever)where意為“在某個地方”，wherever意為“無論在哪里”。you can sit wherever you like. 你喜歡坐哪兒都可以?？键c三原因狀語從句(because，since，now that等)because意為“因為”，語氣強烈，表示事情發(fā)生的直接原因。since意為“既然，由于”，語氣較弱，表示說話雙方都知

12、道的原因。now that則用于已成事實的原因作為前提。now that youve grown up you must learn to stand on your own two feet. 你既然已經長大成人，就得學會獨立生活?？键c四結果狀語從句(sothat，suchthat，so that) 考點五條件狀語從句(if，unless，so/as long as, in case，on condition that)if you cheat in the exam youll never get away with it. 考試作弊必予追究。特別提示：條件狀語從句常用一般現在時代替一般將

13、來時?？键c六 讓步狀語從句(though，although，while，as，even if/even though)although引導讓步狀語從句時，只能用正常語序；though引導讓步狀語從句時，可用正常語序，也可用倒裝語序；as引導讓步狀語從句時只能用倒裝語序，即從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形置于句首，若表語是單數名詞，前置時要省略冠詞。although與though都可以與yet，still連用，但不能和but連用。while引導讓步狀語從句時，一般置于句首。even if與even though引導讓步狀語從句時，可用虛擬語氣，也可以用陳述語氣。young as he is，he d

14、oes things in a very mature way. 盡管他年輕，但他做事的方式很成熟。while i admit that there are problems，i dont agree that they cannot be solved. 雖然我承認存在問題，但我不同意這些問題無法解決?？键c七方式狀語從句(as，as if，as though)the old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. 這位老太太對待這個男孩就像他是她自己的兒子似的?？键c八目的狀語從句(so that，in order that，in case

15、)when he goes out，he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him. 他出門的時候常戴著墨鏡，以便沒人能認出他?？键c九 比較狀語從句(asas，not as/soas，than，the morethe more)you look younger than you are. 你看上去比你的實際年齡要年輕。特別提示： 注意兩種特殊的表示比較的結構：the比較級，the比較級結構。the more you exercise，the healthier you will be

16、. 你鍛煉得越多就會越健康。a be to b what c be to d 結構。engines are to machines what hearts are to animals. 發(fā)動機之于機器正如心臟之于動物。難點釋疑狀語從句的省略1時間、讓步、方式、地點狀語從句的省略如果狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致或從句的主語是it，而且狀語從句的謂語中有be動詞，可以將從句中的主語連同be動詞一起省略。while in beijing，i paid a visit to the summer palace. 在北京時，我參觀了頤和園。he often makes mistakes when s

17、peaking english. 說英語時他經常出錯。the woman teacher left the classroom silently as though (she was) angry. 這位女老師默默地離開了教室，好像生氣了。though (it was) cold，he still wore a shirt. 雖然天氣冷，但他仍然穿一件襯衫。2條件狀語從句的省略(1)在if it is possible，if it is necessary，when it is necessary等類似結構中，it is常省略。come tomorrow if possible. 如果可能的話

18、就明天來吧。unless(it is)necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary. 如果沒有必要，你最好不要查詞典。(2)在虛擬條件句中連詞if的省略。在虛擬條件句中，如果從句謂語中含有had/were/should，if可省略，把had/were/should提至句首引起倒裝。were i(if i were)twenty now，i would join the army. 如果我現在二十歲，我就參軍。had you come(if you had come)yesterday，you would have met her. 如果你昨

19、天來，你就見到她了。should there be(if there should be)a flood，what should we do?萬一發(fā)生洪水，我們該怎么辦？解題策略1牢記連詞詞義并能熟練運用是解答題目的先決條件；2牢記固定句式結構，確定從屬連詞；3根據主從句的邏輯關系確定狀語從句的連接詞。如果主從句是因果關系，則要考慮用because，as，since等；如果主從句有時間先后之分，則要考慮用時間狀語從句的連接詞；如果從句為主句的條件，則要考慮用if；如果從句表示讓步，則要考慮用although, though，while等?！镜淅?】it is often said that t

20、he joy of travelling is notin arriving at your destination _ in the journey itself. 解析：根據句意可知，空處前后為選擇關系，notbut結構表示“不是而是”，連接兩個并列成分，符合句意。故填but?！镜淅?】 how long do you think it is _ he arrived here?no more than half a year，i believe. 解析： “it is時間段since sbdid sth”意為“自從某人做某事到現在有多久了”，為固定句型。故填since。butsince易

21、錯聚焦一、在寫作中往往缺乏并列句意識，主要存在以下兩個方面的傾向：1機械排列簡單句i believe i am fit for it. im writing to apply for the position. 如果我們把意義相關的這兩個句子用適當的連詞連接起來，可得到下面的句子：i believe i am fit for it, so im writing to apply for the position. 比較一下，同學們是不是感覺后者要優(yōu)于前者呢？并列連詞的使用可增強句子之間的邏輯性和美感，使句子之間顯得更加緊湊。2逗號連接兩個簡單句im enthusiastic and easy-

22、going, im easy to get along with and can cooperate well with others. 在該句中含有兩個簡單句，中間用逗號起了連接作用，顯然這是不符合英語語法規(guī)則的。我們不妨做如下改動：im enthusiastic and easy-going，so im easy to get along with and can cooperate well with others. 二、對于狀語從句，在實際運動中主要存在以下問題：1從句意識缺乏the expo is very attractive. we are all eager to pay a

23、visit to it. the expo is so attractive that we are all eager to pay a visit to it. 通過比較不難發(fā)現，后句比前句更加緊湊且邏輯性強，增強了交際效果。2狀語從句成分殘缺(誤)please close the doors and windows before leave the classroom. (正)please close the doors and windows before you leave the classroom. 由于受漢語的干擾，第一句中狀語從句中漏掉了主語。3連接詞誤用(誤)teacher

24、s and parents should respect us no matter we are in or outside school. (正)teachers and parents should respect us whether we are in or outside school. 這兩句盡管從漢語角度來看意思相同，但是從語法角度no matter一般后跟特殊疑問詞，而whether可直接引導狀語從句。(誤)though he is considered a great writer，but his works are not widely read. (正)though he

25、 is considered a great writer, his works are not widely read. 在讓步狀語從句中，though和although不能與but連用。達標檢測單句語法填空1(2020新高考卷)they kept their collection at home until it got too big _ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. 解析：考查并列連詞。句意：他們把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏變得太大或者自己去世，然后這些藏品被捐給一家博物館。根據語境可知，前后陳述的是兩者可能性

26、，應使用連詞or“或者”。故填or。or2(2020新課標卷)_ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. 解析：考查連接詞。句意：當他問河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇藝術家時，他們笑著指著河的下游。本句為時間狀語從句，表示“當時候”，且從句中動詞asked為短暫性動作動詞，不能用while引導，故應用when或as引導。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填when/

27、as。when/as3(2019全國卷) i work not because i have to, _ because i want to. 解析：考查并列連詞。根據句意邏輯可知，此處為轉折關系，句意：我工作不是因為我不得不做，而是因為我想做。此處用but與前文not 呼應，構成“不是而是”之意。故填but。but4(四川)it was time for her to have a new baby, _ it was also time for the young panda to be independent. 解析：句意：是時候再生一個孩子了，熊貓寶寶也到獨立的時候了。it was t

28、ime for和it was also time for之間是并列關系，故用and連接。and5(新課標全國)but the river wasnt changed in a few days _ even a few months. 解析：a few days和a few months為選擇關系，因此要用or連接。6(廣東)so nick called to his son, “go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much _ too little”解析：neitherno

29、r“既不也不”，為固定搭配。故填nor。ornor7(2019新課標iii卷)on our way to the house，it was raining _ hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get there. it was in the middle of pearl city. 解析：考查副詞。句意：在我們去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我們不能不想還要多久才能到達那里?！皊othat”意為“如此以至于”，引導結果狀語從句。故填so。so8(2019天津卷)tom is so independ

30、ent that he never asks his parents opinion _ he wants their support. 解析：考查連詞。句意：湯姆是如此獨立，以至于他從來不征求父母的意見，除非他想得到他們的支持。故填unless除非。9(2018全國卷)corn uses less water _ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. 解析：考查連詞。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根據關鍵詞less可知，填比較連詞。故填than。unlessthan單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1(2020新課標卷i)first i cut

31、 the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. but改為and解析：考查連詞。句意：首先我把西紅柿切成塊，并把它們放在一邊。i cut the tomatoes into pieces與put them aside之間是并列關系，應使用and連接，故將but改為and。2(2020新課標卷i)after that i poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove, i waited patiently unless the oil was hot.unless改為until/till解析：考查連詞。句意

32、：我耐心等待，直到油燒熱。此處是指“直到”油燒熱，應使用until/till引導時間狀語從句，故將unless改為until/till。3(2020新課標卷) actually, i started to learn kung fu when i was seven years old, for i have long been out of practice. for改為but/yet解析：考查連詞。句意：但我早就不練習了。分析句子，此處前句提到“我7歲開始學功夫”，后句提到“很久沒有練習了”。此處前后應是轉折關系。故將for改為but / yet。4(2020新課標卷) in order

33、to make sure all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us.去掉and解析：考查簡單句。這是一個簡單句，前面in order to.作目的狀語，不用連詞and，所以去掉and。5(2019全國i卷)suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.but改為and解析：考查連詞。句意：突然一個足球落在我前邊并且差點打到我。“足球落下來”與“打到我”兩個動作是順承關系，不是轉折關系。故將but改為and。6(2019全國卷)

34、when i studied chemistry at high school, i reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.or改為and解析：考查連詞。句意：在高中學化學的時候，我重新考慮了自己的目標并決定成為一名醫(yī)生。 “重新考慮”與“決定成為一名醫(yī)生”之間是順承關系，不是選擇關系。故將or改為and。7(2018全國卷)everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. andor解析：考查

35、連詞。句意：每個人都沉默了，等著看誰會被要求朗讀他或她的段落。一次只能叫一個人，男女兩者是選擇關系，故把and改為or。8(全國卷)before getting into the car, i thought i had learned the instructors orders, so once i started the car, my mind went blank.sobut/yet解析：根據前后句意思可知這里表示轉折概念，并非因果，所以把so改為but或yet。9(四川)mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the ho

36、usework.sobut解析：has a full-time job與has to do most of the housework之間是轉折關系，故將so改為but。10(新課標全國)he had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful.第二個he前加and解析：句中which引導的是定語從句，修飾主句he had a deep voice，而主句與從句后的分句he was strong and powerful之間缺少連詞，根據它們的并列關系，可

37、確定需要在第二個he前加and。11(浙江)if i was only a child when i studied in that classroom, i will never forget it.ifalthough/though解析：句意：盡管在那個教室學習時我僅僅是一個孩子，但我永遠忘不了它。根據句意，應將if改為although或though。12(大綱全國)and it is wise to have as many good friends that we can.thatas解析：as many.as we can為固定句式，as引導比較狀語從句。13(新課標全國)altho

38、ugh we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.butyet或去掉but解析：在讓步狀語從句中， although不可以與but連用，但可以與yet連用。14(新課標全國)in fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.duringwhen解析

39、：句中during為介詞，不可以連接兩個并列的句子，根據邏輯關系，后一個分句應為when引導的時間狀語從句。故during應改為when。15(陜西)before waiting for about half an hour, i was beginning to get impatient.beforeafter解析：句意：等候了大約半個小時后，我開始不耐煩了。故應把before改為after。語法填空my classmate michael studied very hard 1._he went to senior school. every day he worked 2._ ever

40、yone else in my class left the classroom. he said he wouldnt stop trying 3._he got satisfying scores in his studies. hard 4._ he tried, he made little progress, but he didnt lose heart at all 5._ he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day. afteruntilunlessas/thoughbecause/as6._time went by, he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in beijing at last. we had a get-together party 7._ we started our new life in university. everyone had got offers from universities, 8._ we had a ver