虛擬語氣歸納大全

1、5虛擬語氣的用法歸納1、虛擬條件句的三種基本類型：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反、與過去事實(shí)相反、與將來事實(shí)相反。條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí) （ 虛擬 ） 條件句兩種。真實(shí)條件句所表示的假設(shè)是有可能發(fā)生的，而非真實(shí)條件句則通常表示一種假想，與事實(shí)相反或不大可能會(huì)發(fā)生：if i have time, i will go with them.假若我有時(shí)間，我就同他們?nèi)ァ?（ 陳述語氣 ）if i were you, i would go with them.假若我是你，我就同他們?nèi)ァ?（ 虛擬語氣 ） 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，條件從句的謂語用過去式（be 通常用 were） ，主句謂語用“ should

2、（would, could, might）+ 動(dòng)詞原形”：if i knew her number ， i could ring her up. 要是我知道她的電話號(hào)碼，我就可以給她打電話了。 （可惜我不知道）與過去事實(shí)相反若與過去事實(shí)相反，條件從句的謂語用過去完成時(shí)（had+ 過去分詞 ） ，主句謂語用“ should （would, could, might）+have+ 過去分詞”：if i d left sooner ， i d h ave been on time. 要是我早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身，我就準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了。 （ 但我動(dòng)身太遲了 ）與將來事實(shí)相反若與將來事實(shí)相反，條件從句的謂語用過去式（be 通

3、常用 were） ，主句謂語用“ should （would, could, might）+ 動(dòng)詞原形”：if i asked him ， i m sure he d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他會(huì)幫助我們。 （不過我不打算這樣做）注：幾點(diǎn)特別說明might 表示可能性， could 主句謂語中的 should 主要用于第一人稱后。 would, might, could 的大致區(qū)別是： would 表示結(jié)果，表示能力、允許或可能性。比較：if you tried againif you tried againif you tried again比較：， you would s

4、ucceed.， you might succeed.， you could succeed.要是你再試一試，你就會(huì)成功的。要是你再試一試，你可能會(huì)成功的。要是你再試一試，你就能成功了。（would 表結(jié)果）（might 表可能 ）（could 表能力） 對(duì)于與將來事實(shí)相反的情形，請注意以下幾點(diǎn)：一是這里說的與將來事實(shí)相反，實(shí)為對(duì)將來情況的推測；二是此用法中的條件從句謂語除用過去式外，有時(shí)也用“ should+動(dòng)詞原形”（表示可能性極小，常譯為“萬一”）或"were to+動(dòng)詞原形”（表示與將來事 實(shí)相反的假設(shè)）；三是當(dāng)條件從句使用"should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的謂語時(shí)，主

5、句謂語除可用"should （would, could, might）+動(dòng)詞原 形”這樣的虛擬語氣外，也可用直陳語氣或祈使語氣：if it should rain tomorrow, don t expect me. 萬一明天下雨，就不要等我了。（祈使語氣）if i should see him, i ll tell him. 萬一我見到他，我就告訴他。（直陳語氣）2、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句所謂錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間不一致，如從句指過去，而主句即指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語境情況，結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類型對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整：if it had rained

6、last night, the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下過雨的話，現(xiàn)在地面就會(huì)是濕的。you would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假若你當(dāng)時(shí)聽我的話，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好多了。3、兩個(gè)?？继摂M語氣句型 句型介紹這兩個(gè)句型是if it weren ' t for和if it hadn' t been for，這是兩個(gè)很常用的虛擬語氣句型，也經(jīng)常受到命題人的青睞， 其意為“若不是 （ 有） ”“要不是有”。如：if it weren t for water, no plant could

7、grow.要是沒有水植物就無法生長。if it hadn t been for your assistance ， we wouldn t have succeeded.=but for your assistance， we wouldn t have succeeded.=without your assistance， we wouldn t have succeeded.5、 wish 后賓語從句用虛擬語氣 用法說明動(dòng)詞 wish 后接賓語從句時(shí)，從句謂語要用虛擬語氣。若要表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句謂語用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；若表示與過去相反的愿望，從句謂語用過去完成時(shí)或woul

8、d / could+have + 過去分詞；若表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用would （could） 動(dòng)詞原形。如：注：特別注意從句的時(shí)態(tài)只與從句所指的時(shí)間有關(guān)，而與wish 的時(shí)態(tài)無關(guān)，比較：i wish i were rich. 要是我現(xiàn)在有錢就好了。i wish i had been rich. 要是那時(shí)我有錢就好了。i wished i were rich. 當(dāng)時(shí)我后悔自己沒有錢。i wished i had been rich. 當(dāng)時(shí)我后悔自己曾經(jīng)沒有錢。6、 if only 后的句子用虛擬語氣if only 與 i wish 一樣，也用于表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望，其后所虛擬

9、語氣的時(shí)態(tài)與wish 后所接時(shí)態(tài)的情況相同：if only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。if only i had listened to my parents!我要是當(dāng)時(shí)聽了父母的話就好了。if only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了 !注 ： if only 通常獨(dú)立使用，沒有主句。7、 as if （though） 從句用虛擬語氣 基本用法以 as if （as though） 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句或表語從句，有時(shí)用虛擬語氣，若表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；若表示與過去事實(shí)相反，用過去完成時(shí)；

10、表示將來的可能性不大，用 would （might, could）+ 動(dòng)詞原形：he acts as if he knew me. 他顯得認(rèn)識(shí)我似的。they treat me as though i were a stranger.他們待我如陌生人。he talks as if he had been abroad.他說起話來好像曾經(jīng)出過國。注：兩點(diǎn)說明(1) 從句所表示的內(nèi)容若為事實(shí)或可能為事實(shí)，也可用陳述語氣：it looks as if we ll be late. 我們似乎要遲到了。(2)注意it isn ' t as if的翻譯：it isn t as if he were

11、 poor. 他不像窮的樣子( 或他又不窮) 。8、 it s time 后的從句用虛擬語氣 基本用法從句謂語通常用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，有時(shí)也用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)或“ should+動(dòng)詞原形”(較少見，且should不能省略)，其意為“(早)該干某事了”：我們該走了。( 不用 were)后的 that 從句中 , 句子謂語習(xí)慣上要用虛擬語氣，表示”寧愿做什么”我寧愿你明天( 現(xiàn)在 ) 去。it s time we went were going, should go.it s time i was in bed. 我該上床睡了。9、 would rather 后句子用虛擬語氣在 would rath

12、er, would sooner, would just as soon 具體用法為： 一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿鹖 d rather you went tomorrow (now). 用過去完成時(shí)表過去的愿望i d rather you hadn t said it. 我真希望你沒有這樣說過。10、賓語從句用虛擬語氣的10 種類型 i wish 后的賓語從句動(dòng)詞 wish 后接賓語從句時(shí)，從句謂語要用虛擬語氣。若要表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句謂語用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；若表示與過去相反的愿望，從句謂語用過去完成時(shí)或would / could+have + 過去分詞；若表示將來沒有把握

13、或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用would (could) 動(dòng)詞原形。如：i wish i could be of some use.我希望我能有什么用處。we wish he didn t smoke. 我們希望他不吸煙。i wish prices would come down. 我希望物價(jià)能降下來。 表示“堅(jiān)持”后的賓語從句主要是指insist的賓語從句，從句謂語由“ should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的 should在美國英語中通常可以省略。如：i insisted that he (should) stay.我堅(jiān)持要他留下。注： 動(dòng)詞 insist 后接賓語從句時(shí)，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳

14、述語氣，兩者的區(qū)別是：若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語氣；若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)，則要用陳述語氣。比較：he insisted that i had read his letter.他堅(jiān)持說我看過他的信。he insisted that i should read his letter.他堅(jiān)持要我看他的信。 表示“命令”后的賓語從句主要是指order, command的賓語從句，從句謂語由"should+動(dòng)詞原形"構(gòu)成，其中的 should在美國英語中通?？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾?he ordered that it (should)

15、 be sent back.他命令把它送回去。 表示“建議”后的賓語從句主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的賓語從句，從句謂語由“should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的 should在美國英語中通?？梢允÷?。如：he suggested that we should leave early.他建議我們早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身。注： 與動(dòng)詞 insist 相似，動(dòng)詞suggest 后接賓語從句時(shí)，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣，兩者的區(qū)別也是：若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的情況尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語氣，此時(shí)suggest 通常譯為“建議”；若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的情況為既成事實(shí)，則

16、要用陳述語氣，此時(shí)的 suggest 通常譯為“表明”、“認(rèn)為”。比較并體會(huì)：he suggested that we (should) stay for dinner.他建議我們留下吃飯。i suggested that you had a secret understanding with him.我覺得你與他心照不宣。 表示“要求”后的賓語從句主要是指ask, demand, require, request等后的賓語從句，從句謂語由"should+動(dòng)詞原形"構(gòu)成，其中的 should在美國英語中通?？梢允÷?。如：i ask that he leave. 我要求他走開

17、。he requires that i (should) appear.他要求我出場。 表示“提議”“投票”后的賓語從句主要是指move, vote等后的賓語從句，從句謂語由"should+動(dòng)詞原形"構(gòu)成，其中的 should在美國英語中通?？梢允÷?。如： i move that we accept the proposal.我提議通過這項(xiàng)提案。 表示“敦促”后的賓語從句主要是指動(dòng)詞urge后的賓語從句，從句謂語由“ should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的 should在美國英語中通?？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾?he urged that they go to europe. 他敦促他們

18、到歐洲去。 表示“安排”后的賓語從句主要是指動(dòng)詞arrange 后的賓語從句，從句謂語由“ should+ 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的 should 在美國英語中通?？梢允÷?。如：he arranged that i should go abroad.他安排我去國外。 表示“希望”“打算”后的賓語從句主要是指動(dòng)詞desire, intend后的賓語從句，從句謂語由"should+動(dòng)詞原形"構(gòu)成， 其中的should在美國英語中通?？梢允÷?。 如：she desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。 表示“指示”后的賓語從句主要是指動(dòng)詞direct后的賓語從句，

19、從句謂語由“s hould+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的 should在美國英語中通?？梢允÷?。如：the general directed that the prisoners should be set free.將軍指示釋放那些俘虜。11、主語從句中的虛擬語氣在 it is necessary , important , strange , natural , advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative( 絕對(duì)必要),impossible, improper,

20、 obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc. ； it is a pity ； it is requested/suggested/desired/proposed等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即 should+動(dòng)詞原形或只用動(dòng)詞原形。如： it ' s important 類這類型主要包括 it is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that.句型。如：it is impossible

21、 that he should go home.他不可能會(huì)回家去。 it ' s a pity 類it is a pity that she should fare so badly.她竟吃得這么差,真可憐。 it ' s desired 類這種主語從句還常用在it is (was) desired (suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc. ) that.句型。如：it is requested that a vote be taken.建議付諸表決。 2、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣在 advice,

22、agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion , idea , plan , order 等名詞后的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即should+動(dòng)詞原形或只用動(dòng)詞原形。如：our suggestion is that you ( should ) be the first to go , 我們的建議是你應(yīng)該第一個(gè)去。

23、13、在lest , for fear that( 以免),in case ( 以防)引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣在lest , for fear that( 以免)，in case (以防)從句中用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should 可以省略.she walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.她走得很輕以免吵醒她的室友。使用虛擬語氣的主要句型謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬形式例句表現(xiàn)在的虛擬條件句從句：用動(dòng)詞過去（be多用were ）1. if i were you, i should study english.2. i would

24、certainly go if i had time.主句：would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形表過去的虛擬條件句從句：had + pp1. if you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test.2. if i had left a little earlier, i would have caught the train.主句：would/should/could/might +have + pp表將來的虛擬條件句從句：用動(dòng)詞過去should +v原（were +to do ）1. if it

25、 were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.2. if youcame tomorrow, we wouldhave the meeting.主句：would/should/could/might +have + pp省略if的條件句從句：用倒裝形式，即把were,had等 置于句首。（并只限were/ had） 主句：根據(jù)虛擬的情況采取與從句相 應(yīng)的形式。1. were i in schoolagain(= if i were in school again, i would work harder.)2. were it not

26、 for therain,( 不能說 weren t it for the rain, ) i would go swimming.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句（從句與主句所表示 時(shí)間不一致）根據(jù)從句與主句表示的不同時(shí)進(jìn)行調(diào) 整。1.if you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now 2. if we hadn' t been working hard in the past few years, things woud be going so smoothly.含蓄條件句（虛擬條件暗含在短語或 上下文之中，從句不表現(xiàn)出來）（常見 有 b

27、ut for "要不是"without等）根據(jù)句子表達(dá)的實(shí)際情況選用相應(yīng)的 虛擬條件句中的 主句的動(dòng)詞形式1. without air, there would be no living things.2.i would have give n you more help, but i was busy now.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣wish, “可惜”“就好了” ，“悔不該” “但愿”wish后從句：與表各種時(shí)間的虛擬條 件句中的從句動(dòng)詞形式基本相同。具體：1丁袤耳現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望， 從句用 “過去時(shí)，be 用 were”2 .表與過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望， 從句用 &quo

28、t;had+pp 或 could/would +have+pp "3 .表與將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句 用"could/would + 動(dòng)詞原形”1.i wish i were a bird.2. i wish i had known the answer.would rather后的賓語從句would rather 后從句：動(dòng)詞常用過去 式1. i would rather they came tomorrowdemand, insist,suggest, command,order, require, request, desire等一類動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句（suggest表

29、"暗示、隱含等"insist 表“強(qiáng)調(diào)，力言等”不用虛擬語氣。）從句謂語用“ should+動(dòng)詞原形”， should 可省。1. i suggest you (should)go atonce.2. he suggested that he patient ' s leg should be cut and thissuggested that he was not good at the case.( 注意兩個(gè) suggest 的準(zhǔn)確 翻譯)“it is (was)+上述 demand/suggest 等動(dòng)詞過去分詞(或important,natural,str

30、ange ,necessary等形容詞)”后的主語從句從句謂語用“ should+動(dòng)詞原形”， should 可省。1. it ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m.2. it is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once.order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand 等名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句從句謂語用“ should+動(dòng)詞原形”， should 可省。his demand is that we (shoul

31、d )finish the work in 3 hours.特殊形式的虛擬語氣as if引導(dǎo)的從句（表示非真實(shí) 時(shí)）但表真實(shí)時(shí)，不用虛擬語氣。與虛擬語氣條件中從句動(dòng)詞形式 基本相同。1 .tom speaks as if he were a girl.2 .he looks as if he had been to beijing.so that, in order that弓 1 導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句may/might/should +v 原i live so that others maylive better.it is (the very/high)time that 后的定語從句從句謂語

32、動(dòng)詞常用過去式，有時(shí)也可用should+動(dòng)詞原形it is (high)time that we went (should go) to bed.it is time that i were leaving.省去主句的if only（ 要是就 好了）虛擬條件句與wish后的賓語從句謂語形式相 同。if only i hadn ' t lost the chance!(=i wish i hadn ' t lost the chance)某些表祝愿的句子常用原形或“ may砌詞原形”long live world peace!may you be happy1表委婉客氣的是常語句

33、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式+動(dòng)詞原形could i borrow your bike? would you please give me a hand?虛擬語氣的用法虛擬語氣表示一種假設(shè)的情況，或一種主觀的愿望，即動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)并非事實(shí)，或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。英語虛擬語氣的形式有下列幾種：一、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句if1 .動(dòng)詞過去式（或were）2 .助動(dòng)詞（過去式）+動(dòng)詞原形shouldwould + 動(dòng)詞原形 could mightif had the time, john would make a trip to china to see the great wall.if i w

34、ere you, i would give up drinking immediately.二.與將來事實(shí)相反連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句if1. should+動(dòng)詞原形2. 動(dòng)詞過去式3、were to+動(dòng)詞原形shouldwould + 動(dòng)詞原形 couldmightif you should lose, what would you do?if i were to see her tomorrow, i would tell her thetruth.if you went there next time, you would see what i mean.三、與過去事實(shí)相反連接詞條件從句結(jié)

35、果從句ifhad+過去分詞shouldwould + have+過去分詞could mightif i ' d dnown that it was going to rain, i would never have gone for a walk in the country.四、虛擬語氣的幾種特殊用法省掉if的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)：had you asked me, i would have told you. (=if you had asked me, )2 .有時(shí)虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞或定語從句來表示，如:a true friend would not

36、 do such a thing.(=if he were a true friend, he.)(=if there were no water, ) (=if you hadn ' t helped me, )3 .有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，如：if he had followe d the doctor ' s advice, he would be quite all right now.if i were you, i would have gone home. 五、虛擬語氣的其他用法1、suggest, advise等動(dòng)詞之后賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, +that(should )+ 動(dòng)詞原形devide, ask, move, propose 等注意：在此結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可省略；sh