非謂語動詞用法總結(jié)材料

1、非謂語動詞用法總結(jié)非謂語動詞是歷年高考英語的重要考點之一，同時也是較難掌握的難點之一。它貫穿于英語學習和考試過程的始終。 但是，只要認真分析、透徹 理解、看透本質(zhì)、準確把握， 就一定能在高考中運籌帷幄，游刃有余。非謂語動詞區(qū)別簡表類別區(qū)別to dodoingdone含義主動被動同位或?qū)碇鲃踊蛘谶M行被動或完成成分名詞主 語、賓語、表 語不定式動名詞主語、賓語、表語、定語表用途現(xiàn)在分詞定過去分詞作定語、狀語、補語、表語多表狀定語、狀 語、補語語、狀語、補語態(tài)否認(not ) to(not)doing(not)donedo時態(tài)一般：to一般： doing一般： donedo進仃：本身進行：無進行

2、：to完成： having完成：本身be doingdone完成：to只作狀語havedone語態(tài)一般被動：一般被本身to be動:beingdonedone進行被動：進仃被動：to bebeing donebeing完成被動：donehaving完成被動：tobeen donehavedonebeen作用作目的狀作時間狀語、條作時間狀語、語、條件狀件狀語、原因狀條件狀語、原語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語、因狀語、方式語、結(jié)果狀方式狀語、伴隨狀語、伴隨狀語狀語、讓步狀語語、讓步狀語二不定式的用法不定式不可作謂語，但它可以有自己的賓語、狀語,構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可以作主語、賓 語、表語、定語 表用途、

3、狀語或補足語。高考 對不定式的考查主要 有不定式的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、作 用、否認、省略、連詞+不定作主語不定式作主語表示具體的動作， 通常指一件 的事或目 的。不定式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。eg:To say is a thing,to do is another. 說是一回事，做是另外一回事。 2 不定式短語較長時，通常放在謂語之后， 用 it 作形式主語。eg: It is important to learn Englishwell.學好英語是重要的。 It is necessary for us to do the jobwell.我們做好這項工作是必要的。 It is a great h

4、onor to be invited to give aspeech here.被邀請在這兒發(fā)表演講是一個極大的榮幸。2. 作賓語1常只用不定式作賓語的動詞有： want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend ,decide,ask,promis e,aim,offer,agree,plan,l earn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretendeg: He refused to help me. 他拒絕幫助我. She has agreed to come tomorrow. 他已同意明 天來 .2不定式較長時，作賓語，也可用 it

5、 代替，放在后 面。eg;I find it difficult to do the job well.3“特殊疑問詞+不定式to do結(jié)構(gòu)具有名詞特征，可作賓語。eg: She didn ' t know whether to go or not. They haven ' t decided when and where to build the school.4 不定式可作介 but,except,besides 除? ? 之外的賓語，介詞前有實義動詞 do 的任何一種形式， 后邊的不定式就無 to, 否那么必帶 to 。eg: I want to do nothing

6、but play the computer games 。 I have no choice but to wait 。3. 動詞不定式作表語(1 )不定式作表語放在 be 和其他系動詞后， 說明主語的 容。同樣，“特殊疑問詞不定式 具有名詞特征，也 可作表語。eg: My job is to sweep the floor. His goal was to enter the key university of Beijing. The first question is how to find a better way to learn English well.(2) 不定式作主語時，

7、表語也必須為不定式， 結(jié)構(gòu)必須 保持一致。eg:To see is to believe.(3) 如果主語局部的謂語動詞或非謂語動詞是實 義動詞 do 的某種形式，那么作表語的不定式可 以省去 to.eg: The first thing to do is find her. The only thing he could do was tell the truth.4. 不定式作定語 不定式作定語常放在所修飾的名詞或代 詞后。 eg: I have something important to tell you. (不定 His wish to an artist has never com

8、e true. 不定式與 被修飾名詞構(gòu)成同位關系。 He is the right man to do the job. 不定式與被修飾名 詞構(gòu)成主動關系。 The little girl was unhappy because she had no friends to play with. 不定式與被修飾名詞構(gòu)成主動關 系。 注： 假設不定式為不及物動詞，其后須加上 相應的介詞。 5. 不定式作狀語 不定式作狀語主要是表示目的、條件、 原因和結(jié)果，可位于句首或句末，但句首時通常用逗號隔 開。eg: We set off early that morning to catch the fir

9、st bus. 目 的 To get a good result,she worked very hard. 目的 I feel it an honor to be invited to the party. 條件 She was very happy to get the first prize. 原因 He worked hard only to fail. 結(jié)果注：1. 不定式常用在 so as 或 in order 后 ,與它們一起作謂語，表示目的，但 so as 引起的不定式不可置于句首。 eg:In order to avoid mistakes,check your homewo

10、rk.2. 不定式表目的常和 only 連用，往往表示出乎 意料的意 想不到的不愿得到的結(jié)果。eg:He hurried to the station the train only to findhad left.)3 “形容詞 enough 不定式和“ too 形容詞或 副詞 ( 不表情感 ) 不定式 也可作結(jié)果 狀語。eg: He is old enough to go to school. He is too weak to raise the stone.但“ too 表情感形容詞( pleased,ready,glad,willing,anxious等)to do 表示肯定意義， t

11、oo 前面可用 only,but 等詞修飾。 eg: They were (only) too anxious to leave.( 他們只是太急 于離開了。 ) She is (only) too pleased to go home.( 她非?？鞓房梢曰丶伊?。 6. 不定式作補語 不定式作補語表示動作的完成。賓語與 作補語的不定式之間是主動關系。1 后接動詞不定式作賓補的常見動詞有： want,wish,expect,prefer,like,hate,ask,beg, request,require,beg,get,advise,persuade,i nvite,order,remind,

12、permit,allow,send,call on,wouldlike/love,arrange for,depend on 等。eg: She wanted me to arrive there early. Our headmaster call on us to work hard. 2 動詞不定式可作感官動詞五看二聽一感 覺即： see,look at,watch,observe,notice ， hear,listen to ， feel 和使讓動詞 let,make,have 等后面的賓補時，不定式符 號 to 要省 略，但如果句子變被動結(jié)構(gòu)，必須帶 to. 表示動作的完成。 eg

13、: He made them climb the hill. They were made to climb the hill.詞的補足語，句型為： 一 主語系動詞表語 adj 為 convenient/easy/expensive/difficult/hard /impossible/pleasent 等 to do. 注： to do 常用主動表 被動，其中 do 為 vt, 主語為 to do 的賓語。 二 主語 find/think/consider/believe 等 賓語 adj to do. 注：其中 to do 常用主動 表被動，其中 do 為 vt, 主 語為 to do 的

14、賓語。 eg :He is easy to fo . ol©Thewomanis hardto work with.Hefindthejobdifficult to do4“特殊疑問詞+不定式 to do 具有名詞特 征，可 作賓補。 謂語動詞多為 show,know,teach,tell 等。 eg:I ' ll tell you how to get there7 不定式作評注性狀語或插入語 不定式可以作評注性狀語或插入語 , 放在句子前 面、中間或末尾。常見的有 to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truth,to begin wi

15、th ， to start with,to be shorteg:To begin with,I thinkyou are wrong. 三動名詞用 法動名詞具有動詞和名詞的特點，有一般式和完成式，有主動式和被動式，可作主語、賓語、表語 和定語 . 否認 形式在其前面加 not. 1 動名詞作主語 動名詞作主語表示抽象動作，指一件的事或 經(jīng)驗。eg: Driving a car on the crowded road is boring. Reading is my hobby.2常只用動名詞作賓語的動詞有： admit,avoid,appreciate,consider 考慮 dislike

16、,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine ,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,sugge st 等。eg: I can ' t imagine marrying her. She managed to escape being punished. 以下動詞詞組后面只接動名詞作賓語： give up,belong to,look forwardto,keep on,insist on,be busy,get down to,be devoted to,have difficulty/trouble(in),have ag

17、ood/wonderful time (in) 等。 eg: I' m looking forward to hearing from you soon. He gave up smoking three years.(3) 動名詞可作表語 動名詞可作表語， 一般為主語的容 表示一般性或習慣性的動作。在概念上可以和主語劃等號 把主語和表語倒過來，句子的根本含義不變。eg:His hobby is painting.(4) 動名詞可作定語動名詞可作定語， 表示所修飾事物的功能或用途。 eg:Heoften studies in the reading room.四現(xiàn)在分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞具有動

18、詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句 中作定語、 狀語、補語和表語1 作定語 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語， 單個 v.-ing 放在被修飾的名詞 前；如 果短語作定語，那么放在所修飾詞的后面。 動詞 -ing 作定語和被修飾詞之間為主動關系，表 示動作正在同時進行或經(jīng)常性發(fā)生eg:thefallingleaves :theleaveswhichare fallingtherisingsunthesun which isrisingI saw himgo into thehousefacingsouth.2作狀語動詞-ing或其短語作狀語時，可以表示時間、 條 件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、伴隨等。表示時間關系的動詞

19、-ing短語可由連詞 while或 when引出。eg: Hearing the news,they got excited. 時I間 Having finished his homework,she was playing on theplayground.原因 Studying hard,you are sure to get the first prize.條件 3作補語現(xiàn)在分詞作補語表示動作正在進行，賓語與作補 語的現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動關系。后面常接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的動詞有感官動詞 五看二聽一 感覺 see,lookat,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen t

20、o,feel )使讓動詞( have,get )以及其他類動詞 leave,keep,catch,set 等。表示動作正在進 行。eg: I saw them playing games on the playground yesterday. Don ' t leave him waiting outside the room.4作表語 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語相當于形容詞， 常表示主語所具 有的特征，含有主動意味。大多數(shù)使動詞的現(xiàn)在 分詞通常 可作表語，常見的有：interesting,amusing,boring,tiring,pleasin g I g g,exciting,moving

21、,disappointing,surpring ,encouraging 等。 eg: His story was very moving. The speech is really boring.5作評注性狀語或插入語可以作評注性狀語或插入語放在句子前面、 中間或末尾。五過去分詞過去分詞既有副詞的特征又有動詞的特征， 在句中可作定 語、狀語、補語、表語等成分。( 1 )作定語 過去分詞作定語，它和被修飾詞之間是被動、完 成關系， 單個過去分詞作定語放在前，過去分詞短語作定語放在后。 其中及物動詞的過去分詞表 示完成或被動概念，不及物動 詞的過去分詞只表 示完成概念，沒有被動的意味。eg: t

22、he rise n sun = the sun which has rise n falle n leaves = leaves which has falle n This is the house built several years ago. = This is the house which was built sveral years ago.(2) 作狀語 過去分詞在句中作狀語，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或 情況。它 和被修飾詞之間是被動關系。它在句中可以作時間、條件、 原因、方式、讓步和伴隨狀 語。eg: Tired out,they rest. 原因 Taken aroundthe

23、city,we weres new look.impressed by the cityof the danger ,he Though warnedstopped to have astill went skating on the thin ice.(3) 作補語及物動詞的過去分詞作補語，和賓語之 間構(gòu)成被動關系。不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補表 狀態(tài)和完成。(1) 可以帶過去分詞作賓補的動詞有感官動詞 ( 五 看二聽一感覺 ) ，使役動詞 have,get,make 等，以 及其他類動 keep,leave,like,want,wish 等。eg: I can ' t get the

24、 car going. I had my leg broken last week.4)作表語 過去分詞作表語表示被動意義，主語常是人，一 般 用來表示感受和狀態(tài)，可以用作表語的常見的 過去 分詞有： astonished,delighted,disappointed,excited,experienced,exhausted,frightened,inter ested,puzzled,qualitied,satisfied,upset 等 , 有些過去分詞作表語實際上已經(jīng)構(gòu)成固定短語。 如： be interested in,be satisfied with,be covered wit

25、h,be dressed in,be seated,be locked 等。能用這些分詞作 表語的系動詞有 be,get,remain,stay 等。 eg: The door remained locked. We were greatly encouraged when we heard the speech. 六非謂語動詞的獨立 結(jié)構(gòu) 非謂語動詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)為“名詞或代詞 非謂語動詞 或“ with 名詞 /代詞非謂語動 詞 。 在語法上是一個獨立的短語，不是句子即：非 謂 語動詞的邏輯主語與主句主語不一致，須保存 之后 所構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu) 。可放在句首或句尾。一名詞或代詞非謂語動詞1名詞 /

26、代詞不定式 名詞或代詞通常為動作的執(zhí)行者，與不定式構(gòu)成 邏輯上的主謂關系，可位 于句首或句末eg:He will send me$100 first,the rest tofollow in a year.2名詞/ 代詞現(xiàn)在分詞 名詞或代詞通常為現(xiàn) 在分詞所表示的動作的執(zhí)行 者，與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成邏 輯上的主謂關系。eg :Time permiting,we finish the work. 表條件 Spring coming on,the trees turns green. 表時間3名詞 / 代詞過去分詞 名詞或代詞通常為過 去分詞所表示的動作的承受 者。與過去分詞構(gòu)成邏 輯上的動賓關系或系表

27、關 系。eg: The sigal given,the bus started. Their strength exhausted,they sank down one byone. 表原因 二with 名詞 / 代詞非謂語動詞 1with 名詞 / 代詞不定式 不定式和賓語之 間是被動關系，表示動作尚未發(fā) 生。eg:With nothing to do,they went out for awalk. 表原因 2 with 名詞 / 代詞現(xiàn)在分詞賓語和動詞 -ing 之間是主動關系， 表示的動作和 謂 語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生。eg:The boy slept with the light bu

28、rning. 表伴隨 3 with 名詞 / 代詞過去分詞 不定式和賓語 之間是被動關系，表示動作已經(jīng)完 成。eg:They stayed inside with the door locked. 表伴隨 七非謂語動詞的區(qū)別問題 一 動詞后接 to do 不定式還是動名詞 1 只能接 to do 不定式的動詞有：want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,l earn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend2常只用動名詞作賓語的動詞有： admit,

29、avoid,appreciate,consider 考 慮 dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine ,keep,mind, miss 錯 過 ,practise,risk,resist,suggest 等。 3動詞后二者都可跟，意義不同的有：forget todo sth忘記要做某事forget doing sth忘記做過某事regret to do sth 懊悔要做某事regret doing sth懊悔做過某事go on to do sth接著做另外一件事go on doing sth接著做冋一件事stop to do sth停下來開始做某事s

30、top doing sth停止做某事try to do sth盡力做某事try doing sth試著做某事mean to do sth打算(意欲，企圖)做某事mean doing sth意味著做某事can ' t help todo sth不能幫助做某事can ' t help doingsth情不自禁地做某事(4)動詞后一者都可跟，意義相冋的有：begin,start,like,love,prefer,hate 等。但是區(qū) 另 U在于： 后接動名詞時表示經(jīng)常性的動作，后接不定式時表示的是具體的特定的動作。eg:I like playing football,but I do

31、n ' t like play now.重點提示：在以下情況下begin和start后只接不定式：I .主語是物不是人 eg:Spring came on and the snow began to melt.n .二者用于進行時 eg:It ' s begin to rain.川.二者后接表示心理活動或狀態(tài)的動詞。eg:Ibegan to realize how stupid I was.IV .二者后接不定式的被動式。to doeg:The new type of computer began to be developed in the 1980' s.(二)“感

32、官動詞 賓語賓補 sth/doingsth)的區(qū)別感官動詞賓語賓補 ( to do sth ) 或全過程 感官動詞賓語賓補 ( doing sth ) 或進行eg:The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.Did you see a pencil-box lying on the ground justnow.三個別“使讓動詞賓語賓補的特別詞的用 法1 have 賓語賓補have 賓語 do “讓? 做某事 ，不定式作賓 補可以指現(xiàn)在、將來或可能發(fā)生的動作。 eg: They had me repeat the message

33、. I won ' t have you say such things. I won ' t have you blame it on me. have 賓語 doing “讓? 一直做某事 ，現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補 可以表示主語有意讓別人去做或無意 引起某人可能 去做或表示遭遇。eg: Tom tried to have her talking.But no use. I won ' t have you speaking to your parents like that. 注： have 賓語 doing 用于否認句， have 有容忍之意。 Why should we

34、 have the boy standing in the corner the whole morning. have 賓語 done “讓? 被做 過去分詞作賓補 可表示主語有意識的行為或表示“遭遇 、“經(jīng)歷 動作違背主語的意愿eg:We ought to have her examined by a doctor.The old woman had her handbag stolen.2 get 賓語賓補get +賓語+ to do = have +賓語+ do “讓？ 做某事有時那么是“說服或勸說某人做某事eg:Iwill get the publisher to illustrat

35、e 力口 上插圖the book. get +賓語+ doing “使？ 靜的物體動起來 ， 具有進行含義。eg:I shall soon get the machine working.3 get 賓語 done “讓? 被做 用法與 have 賓語 done 根本相同。eg:He got his wrist broken.習題練習：1.2021 全國 INow that we' ve discussedour problem,are pople happy with the decisionsA. takingB.takeC.takenD.totake2. 2021 全國 IThe

36、 children all turnedthe famous actress as she entered theclassroom.A. looked at B.to look atC.to looking atD.look at3. 2021 全國口 They use computers keep tothe trafficsmoothly.A. being run B.runC.to runD.running4. (2021)For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruiton his own farm.A.grown B.being

37、 grown C.to be grownD.to grow5. (2021) twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A.Being bittenB.BittenC.Having bittenD.To bebitten6. (2021)Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it .B.reusedA. reusingC.reuses reused D.to be7. (2021)I st

38、ill remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.A.to take B.to be takenC.takingD.being taken8.(2021)Michael ' s newhouseis like ahuge palace,with his old one.A paringB.compares C.to compareD pared9. (2021)With the world changing fast,we have something new with all by ourselves every day. B

39、.dealt A.dealC. to dealD. dealing10. (2021)We are invited to a party in our club next Friday.A. to be held B.held C.being heldD.holdingat11. (2021) not to miss the flight 15:20,the manager got out for the airport in a hurry.A. Reminding B.Reminded C.To remind D.Having reminded12. (2021)In April,2021

40、,President Hu inspectd the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.A. markingD.beingB. markedC. having markedmarked13. (2021)The play next month aimsmainly to reflect the local culture.A.produced B.beingproduedC.to be producedD.having been produced14. (2021) by the

41、advances in technology,many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A.Being encouraged B.EncouragingD. HavingC.Encouragedencouraged15. (2021)the project in time,thestaff were working at weekends.A pletingB. Having completed C.To have completed D.To complete16. (2021)When we visited my old famil

42、yback.home,memory cameB.toA. floodingflood C.flood D.flooded17. (2021) ,you need to give all you have and try your best.A.Being a winner B.To be awinner C.Be a winnerD.Having been awinner18. (2021)Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers,alm

43、ost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures.A. help B.to have helped C.to helpD.having helped19. (2021)There is a great deal of evidenceparts of the brains.A. indicateB. indicatingC. to indicateD.to be indicating20. (2021 ),the pay isn ' t attractivejob itself is qu

44、iteB.On theD.To beenough,though the interesting.A. Generallyspeakingcontrary Cn particular honest21. (2021)He told us whether a picnic was still under discussio n.C. haveB. havingD.hadA. to have22. (2021)Ladies and gentlemen,please remainbefore the plane has come to a complete stop.A.seatedB. seatin

45、gD.seatC. to seat23. (2021) many times,he finally understood.A.ToldB. TellingC. HavingD. Having beentoldtold24. (2021) the right kind of training,these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars. A.Giving B.Having given C.To give D.Given25. (2021)The government plans to bring

46、in new laws parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.A.forcedB. forcingC. to beD. havingforcedforced26. 2021 全國 I I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good .A.to be breathed B.to breatheC. breathing D.being breathed27 2021 They arequiet,aren 

47、9; t they? Yes.They are accustomed at meals.A.to talk B. to not talkC. to talking D.to not talking28. 2021 To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear Englishas much as we can.A.speakB.speakingD.to speakC.spoken29. 2021 theproject as planned,we' ll have to work twomore hours a day

48、.A pletingB. Completed C pletedD. To complete30. ( 2021 ) Please remain;the winnerof the prize will be announced soon. A.seatingB. seatedC. to seat seatedD. to bes new jobpaid twice as inthehad madeC. to workD. worked32. (2021)Something as simple as some cold water may clear your mind andB. drinking

49、B.To waitrelieve pressure.A.to drink C. to be drinking D.drunk33. (2021)Ideally for Broadway the theatres and Fifth Avenue,the New York Park hotel is a favorite with many guests. A.locating B.being locatedC. having been located D.located34. (2021) that he was in great danger,Eric walked deeper into

50、the forest. A.Not realized B.Not to realize C.Not realizing D.Not to haverealize35. (2021) around the Water Cube,we were then taken to see the Bird' s Nest forthe 2021 Olympic Games.A.Having shown B.To be shown C.Having been shownD. To show36. (2021) in the queue for half an hour,the old man sud

51、denly realized he had left the cheque in the car.A.WaitingD.To haveat the back ofC.Having waitedwaited37. (2021)Can those the classroom hear me.A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.sat答案解析：1. C 此題主要考查“ with 名詞 / 代詞過去分詞 的用法。不定式和賓語之間是被動關系，表 示動作 已經(jīng)完成。2. B 此題主要考查“不定式作狀語 。不定式作狀 語主要是表示目的、條件、原因和結(jié)果，可位于 句 首或句末，但句首時通常用逗號隔開。3

52、. D 此題主要考查“現(xiàn)在分詞作補語 。后面常 接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的動詞有感官動詞(五看二聽一 感覺 see,look at,watch,observe,notice/hear,listen to/feel )使讓動詞( have,get )以及其他類動 詞 leave,keep,catch,set 等。表示動作正在進 行。短語作定語放在后，表示完成或被動概念5. B 此題主要考查 “過去分詞作狀語 。過去分 詞 在句中作狀語，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。它 和被修飾詞之間是被動關系。它在句中作原因狀 語。6. D 此題主要考查 “不定式作形式賓語 。不定 式 較長時，作賓語，可用 it 代替，放

53、在后面。7. D 此題主要考查 “只用動名詞作賓語 。常只 用 動名詞作賓語的動詞有： admit,avoid,appreciate,consider 考慮 dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,su-gg est 等。8. D 此題主要考查 “過去分詞作狀語 。過去分 詞 在句中作狀語，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。它 和被修飾詞之間是被動關系。它在句中作方式狀 語。9. C 此題主要考查 “不定式作定語 。不定式作 定 語常放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。不定式與被修 飾名詞構(gòu)成被

54、動關系。定語常放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。不定式與被 修 飾名詞構(gòu)成被動關系。11. B 此題主要考查“過去分詞作狀語 。過去分 詞在句中作狀語，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。 它 和被修飾詞之間是被動關系。它在句中作原因 狀語。12. A 此題主要考查 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語 。動詞 -ing 或其短語作狀語時，作伴隨狀語。13. C 此題主要考查“不定式作后置定語 。不定 式作定語常放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。表目的 或 將來。14. C 此題主要考查“過去分詞作狀語 。過去分 詞在句中作狀語，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。 它 和被修飾詞之間是被動關系。它在句中作原因 狀語。15. D 此題主要考查“不定式

55、作狀語 。不定式作 狀語主要是表示目的?？晌挥诰涫谆蚓淠?，但句 首 時通常用逗號隔開。16. A 此題主要考查 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語 。動詞 -ing 或其短語作狀語時，作伴隨狀語。17. B 此題主要考查“不定式作狀語 。不定式作 狀語表示目的?？晌挥诰涫谆蚓淠?，但句首時通 常 用逗號隔開。18. C 同 17 題19. B 此題主要考查“現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 ?，F(xiàn)在分 詞短語作定語，放在所修飾詞的后面。動詞 -ing 作 定語和被修飾詞之間為主動關系，表示動作正 在同 時進行或經(jīng)常性發(fā)生。20. D 此題主要考查“不定式作評注性狀語或插 入語。不定 式可以作評注性狀語或插入語,放在句子前面、中間或末尾。常見的有 to be frank,to be h