基于單片機(jī)的煙霧探測(cè)報(bào)警器外文翻譯(共9頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上 淮 陰 工 學(xué) 院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯學(xué) 院：江淮學(xué)院專 業(yè)：電子信息工程姓 名：學(xué) 號(hào)：外文出處：International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering附 件：1.外文資料翻譯譯文；2.外文原文。指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語： 外文資料內(nèi)容與設(shè)計(jì)課題有一定關(guān)聯(lián)，對(duì)開展畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)有很好的借鑒和指導(dǎo)意義。譯文基本能夠表達(dá)原文意思，但不是很順暢。年月日簽名： 附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文溫度控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)摘要：研究了基于AT89S 51單片機(jī)溫度控制系統(tǒng)的原理和功能，溫度測(cè)量單元由單總線數(shù)字溫度傳感器DS18B 2

2、0構(gòu)成。該系統(tǒng)可進(jìn)行溫度設(shè)定，時(shí)間顯示和保存監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)。如果溫度超過任意設(shè)置的上限和下限值，系統(tǒng)將報(bào)警并可以和自動(dòng)控制的實(shí)現(xiàn)，從而達(dá)到溫度監(jiān)測(cè)智能一定范圍內(nèi)?；谙到y(tǒng)的原理，很容易使其他各種非線性控制系統(tǒng)，只要軟件設(shè)計(jì)合理的改變。該系統(tǒng)已被證明是準(zhǔn)確的，可靠和滿意通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)踐。關(guān)鍵詞：?jiǎn)纹瑱C(jī)；溫度；溫度I. 導(dǎo)言 溫度是在人類生活中非常重要的參數(shù)。在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，溫度控制（TC）不僅用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)，還廣泛應(yīng)用于其它領(lǐng)域。隨著生活質(zhì)量的提高，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在酒店，工廠和家庭，以及比賽設(shè)備。而比賽的趨勢(shì)將更好地服務(wù)于整個(gè)社會(huì)，因此它具有十分重要的意義測(cè)量和控制溫度。 在AT89S51單片機(jī)和溫度傳感器DS

3、18B20的基礎(chǔ)上，系統(tǒng)環(huán)境溫度智能控制。溫度可設(shè)定在一定范圍內(nèi)動(dòng)任意。該系統(tǒng)可以顯示在液晶顯示屏的時(shí)間，并保存監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，并自動(dòng)地控制溫度，當(dāng)環(huán)境溫度超過上限和下限的值。這樣做是為了保持溫度不變。該系統(tǒng)具有很高的抗干擾能力，控制精度高，靈活的設(shè)計(jì)，它也非常適合這個(gè)惡劣的環(huán)境。它主要應(yīng)用于人們的生活，改善工作和生活質(zhì)量。這也是通用的，因此它可以方便地?cái)U(kuò)大使用該系統(tǒng)。因此，設(shè)計(jì)具有深刻的重要性。一般的設(shè)計(jì)，硬件設(shè)計(jì)和軟件系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)都包括在內(nèi)。II. 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì) 該系統(tǒng)硬件包括微控制器，溫度檢測(cè)電路，鍵盤控制電路，時(shí)鐘電路，顯示，報(bào)警，驅(qū)動(dòng)電路和外部RAM?；贏T89S51單片機(jī)，DS18B20

4、的將溫度信號(hào)傳送到數(shù)字信號(hào)的檢測(cè)。和信號(hào)發(fā)送到微控制器進(jìn)行處理。最后，溫度值顯示在液晶12232F。這些步驟是用來實(shí)現(xiàn)溫度檢測(cè)。使用鍵盤接口芯片HD7279在設(shè)定溫度值，使用微控制器保持一定的溫度，并使用液晶顯示的溫度控制設(shè)定值。此外，時(shí)鐘芯片DS1302用于顯示時(shí)間和外部RAM6264是用來保存監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)。報(bào)警將給予及時(shí)蜂鳴器如果溫度超過了上限和下限溫度值。III. 硬件設(shè)計(jì)A. 微控制器 在AT89S51單片機(jī)是一種低功耗，高性能CMOS 8位4K的系統(tǒng)內(nèi)可編程閃存字節(jié)微控制器。該設(shè)備是采用Atmel的高密度非易失性內(nèi)存技術(shù)，并與業(yè)界標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的80C51指令集和引腳兼容。片上閃存程序存儲(chǔ)器可以編

5、程就可以在系統(tǒng)或由傳統(tǒng)的非易失性存儲(chǔ)器編程。通過結(jié)合在系統(tǒng)靈活的8位CPU集成在一個(gè)芯片可編程閃存，Atmel的單片機(jī)AT89S51是一個(gè)功能強(qiáng)大的微控制器提供了一個(gè)高度靈活的和具有成本效益的解決方案很多嵌入式控制應(yīng)用。為了節(jié)省監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，6264是用來作為外部RAM。它是一個(gè)靜態(tài)RAM芯片，低功耗具有8K字節(jié)的內(nèi)存。B. 溫度檢測(cè)電路 溫度傳感器是該系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵部分。達(dá)拉斯DS18B20的使用，它支持1 - Wire總線接口，板上專利是在內(nèi)部使用。所有的傳感器部分和轉(zhuǎn)換電路集成在一個(gè)晶體管集成電路像1。其測(cè)量范圍為-55125，在-1085精度為±0.52，3。由DS18B20的溫度采

6、集傳輸在1 - Wire總線的方式，這種高度提高了系統(tǒng)的抗干擾，使之適合在惡劣的環(huán)境現(xiàn)場(chǎng)溫度測(cè)量4。有兩個(gè)電源DS18B20的供應(yīng)方式。首先是外部電源供給：DS18B20的第一腳連接到地面，第二引腳用作信號(hào)線，三是連接到電源。第二種方式是寄生電源5。由于寄生電源會(huì)導(dǎo)致硬件電路，軟件控制的難度和芯片的性能下降等，但DS18B20的（s）的復(fù)雜性，可以連接到I/ O端口的單片機(jī)在外部電源供電方式，它更受歡迎。因此，外部電源供應(yīng)使用，而第二個(gè)接腳連接到引腳P1.3可單片機(jī)AT89S51。其實(shí)，如果多有被檢測(cè)，DS18B20的（S）可以連接到1 - Wire總線。但是，當(dāng)數(shù)超過8，有一個(gè)向駕駛和更復(fù)雜

7、的軟件設(shè)計(jì)，以及1 - Wire總線長(zhǎng)度的關(guān)注。一般而言，這是不超過50米。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程控制，該系統(tǒng)可在一個(gè)無線之一，旨在打破了1 - Wire總線長(zhǎng)度的限制6。C. LCD顯示器電路 液晶顯示12232F使用，這可以用來顯示字符，溫度值和時(shí)間，并提供一個(gè)友好的顯示界面。該12232F是一個(gè)具有×32像素的漢字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和128個(gè)16 ×8像素的ASCII字符集圖形液晶顯示。它主要由行驅(qū)動(dòng)器/列驅(qū)動(dòng)器和128× 32點(diǎn)陣的充分顯示圖形，以及7.5 ×2個(gè)漢字功能的液晶顯示器。它是在并行或串行方式連接到外部CPU7。為了節(jié)約硬件資源，12232F應(yīng)以串行方式連

8、接到單片機(jī)AT89S51，只有4個(gè)輸出使用的端口。液晶顯示屏灰度可以通過調(diào)整可變電阻連接的液晶VLCD的PIN碼。CLK是用于傳輸串行通信時(shí)鐘。SID是用于傳輸串行數(shù)據(jù)。CS是用來使能控制，液晶顯示。L+是用來控制LCD背光電源。D. 時(shí)鐘電路 達(dá)拉斯DS1302的使用，這是一種高性能，低功耗和實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘芯片與RAM。在DS1302的服務(wù)于帶有日歷時(shí)鐘系統(tǒng)，用于監(jiān)測(cè)的時(shí)間。讀取數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)間由AT89S51單片機(jī)，再由液晶顯示處理。另外的時(shí)間可以調(diào)整鍵盤。在DS1302的晶體振蕩器設(shè)定為32768Hz的，建議的補(bǔ)償電容是6pF。振蕩器的頻率較低，所以有可能不連接的電容器，這不會(huì)有很大的不同的時(shí)間精度

9、。備用電源可以連接到3.6V的可充電電池。E. 鍵盤控制電路 系統(tǒng)中的鍵盤接口HD7279A的驅(qū)動(dòng)下，它有一個(gè)+5 V單電源，這是連接，無需使用任何有源設(shè)備的鍵盤和顯示。根據(jù)基本要求和系統(tǒng)功能，只有6個(gè)按鈕是必要的。該系統(tǒng)的功能是由輸入的數(shù)據(jù)接收單片機(jī)AT89S51。為了節(jié)省外部電阻器，1× 6使用鍵盤和鍵盤代碼定義為：07h的，0FH，17H條，1FH，27H款，2Fh的。該命令可以讀出通過閱讀代碼指令。 HD7279A是連接到單片機(jī)AT89S51的串行模式，只有4個(gè)端口的需要。DIG0DIG5和DP分別列線和六個(gè)鍵是實(shí)現(xiàn)鍵盤監(jiān)控，解碼和識(shí)別關(guān)鍵代碼行線端口。F. 報(bào)警電路 為了簡(jiǎn)

10、化電路，調(diào)試方便，是一個(gè)5V的蜂鳴器自動(dòng)報(bào)警電路中的應(yīng)用8。這使得軟件編程簡(jiǎn)化。它是由9012 PNP晶體管的基連接到AT89S51單片機(jī)的引腳P2.5。當(dāng)溫度超過上限和下限的值，P2.5輸出低電平使晶體管上，然后由一個(gè)報(bào)警蜂鳴器定。G. 驅(qū)動(dòng)電路 一個(gè)步進(jìn)電機(jī)作為驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置來控制溫度。四相和八打脈沖分配模式是用來驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)和簡(jiǎn)單的延時(shí)程序是用來處理脈沖之間的時(shí)間間隔，獲得不同的轉(zhuǎn)速。有兩個(gè)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的輸出狀態(tài)。一：當(dāng)溫度超過上限值時(shí)，電機(jī)反向旋轉(zhuǎn)（以低的溫度），而當(dāng)?shù)陀谙孪拗禃r(shí)，電機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)正常（提高溫度），除了不等于預(yù)設(shè)值。二：當(dāng)溫度在兩者之間的某處結(jié)束，等于設(shè)定值時(shí)，電機(jī)停止。這些步驟是用來實(shí)現(xiàn)溫

11、度控制。此外，電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速也可以調(diào)整相對(duì)按鈕。代碼數(shù)據(jù)是通過港口答11A8的輸入（P2.3P2.0的是）的逆變器74LS04由AT89S51單片機(jī)和反向輸出。最后，它被放大功放2803A權(quán)力電機(jī)。IV. 軟件設(shè)計(jì) 按照一般設(shè)計(jì)要求，該系統(tǒng)的硬件電路原理，以及該程序的可讀性，可移植性和改進(jìn)的調(diào)試方便，軟件設(shè)計(jì)模塊化。系統(tǒng)流程主要包括以下8個(gè)步驟：POST（加電自檢），系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)，溫度檢測(cè)，報(bào)警處理，溫度控制，時(shí)鐘芯片DS1302的操作，液晶顯示和鍵盤操作。給一點(diǎn)分析，上述8個(gè)任務(wù)，很容易地發(fā)現(xiàn)，過去五年任務(wù)需要實(shí)時(shí)操作。但對(duì)溫度的檢測(cè)，可與TIMER0計(jì)時(shí)1秒，即出現(xiàn)溫度檢測(cè)達(dá)到每秒。系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)包括全

12、局變量的定義，內(nèi)存啟動(dòng)，啟動(dòng)特殊功能寄存器和外圍設(shè)備的啟動(dòng)。全局變量的定義，主要完成對(duì)外部接口連接到單片機(jī)AT89S51芯片，內(nèi)存單位和一些特殊的定義的接口定義。開始主要是指RAM的內(nèi)存處理。例如，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)通電時(shí)間碼將在內(nèi)部單位地址或閃爍標(biāo)志存儲(chǔ)的信息將被清除。特殊功能寄存器包括加載啟動(dòng)定時(shí)器初值的開放中斷。例如，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)通電定時(shí)器初始化。外圍設(shè)備的啟動(dòng)，是指設(shè)置外圍設(shè)備的初始值。例如，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)通電后，LCD應(yīng)該被初始化，啟動(dòng)顯示器應(yīng)該叫，溫度轉(zhuǎn)換命令時(shí)，必須先發(fā)出的時(shí)鐘芯片DS1302也要被初始化。報(bào)警處理主要是降低和溫度的提高使溫度保持在預(yù)設(shè)范圍。當(dāng)溫度之間的上限和下限的值，這是不言而喻的溫度控

13、制處理，即需要的溫度升高或降低根據(jù)預(yù)設(shè)值。這樣做的條件溫度等于設(shè)定值，從而達(dá)到溫度的目標(biāo)。V. 結(jié)論 溫度控制系統(tǒng)具有友好的人機(jī)交互界面，硬件簡(jiǎn)單，成本低，溫度控制精度高（誤差在±1范圍內(nèi)誤差），便利性和多功能性等，它可廣泛的場(chǎng)合使用的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與-55至125范圍內(nèi)，且有一定的實(shí)用價(jià)值。附件2：外文原文Design of the Temperature Control System Based on AT89S51ABSTRACT The principle and functions of the temperature control system based on microcon

14、troller AT89S51 are studied, and the temperature measurement unit consists of the 1-Wire bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20. The system can be expected to detect the preset temperature, display time and save monitoring data. An alarm will be given by system if the temperature exceeds the upper a

15、nd lower limit value of the temperature which can be set discretionarily and then automatic control is achieved, thus the temperature is achieved monitoring intelligently within a certain range. Basing on principle of the system, it is easy to make a variety of other non-linear control systems so lo

16、ng as the software design is reasonably changed. The system has been proved to be accurate, reliable and satisfied through field practice. KEYWORDS: AT89S51; microcontroller; DS18B20; temperatureI. INTRODUCTION Temperature is a very important parameter in human life. In the modern society, temperatu

17、re control (TC) is not only used in industrial production, but also widely used in other fields. With the improvement of the life quality, we can find the TC appliance in hotels, factories and home as well. And the trend that TC will better serve the whole society, so it is of great significance to

18、measure and control the temperature. Based on the AT89S51 and temperature sensor DS18B20, this system controls the condition temperature intelligently. The temperature can be set discretionarily within a certain range. The system can show the time on LCD, and save monitoring data; and automatically

19、control the temperature when the condition temperature exceeds the upper and lower limit value. By doing so it is to keep the temperature unchanged. The system is of high anti-jamming, high control precision and flexible design; it also fits the rugged environment. It is mainly used in people's

20、life to improve the quality of the work and life. It is also versatile, so that it can be convenient to extend the use of the system. So the design is of profound importance. The general design, hardware design and software design of the system are covered. II. SYSTEM GENERAL DESIGN The hardware blo

21、ck diagram of the TC is shown in Fig. 1. The system hardware includes the microcontroller, temperature detection circuit, keyboard control circuit, clock circuit, Display, alarm, drive circuit and external RAM. Based on the AT89S51, the DS18B20 will transfer the temperature signal detected to digita

22、l signal. And the signal is sent to the microcontroller for processing. At last the temperature value is showed on the LCD 12232F. These steps are used to achieve the temperature detection. Using the keyboard interface chip HD7279 to set the temperature value, using the microcontroller to keep a cer

23、tain temperature, and using the LCD to show the preset value for controlling the temperature. In addition, the clock chip DS1302 is used to show time and the external RAM 6264 is used to save the monitoring data. An alarm will be given by buzzer in time if the temperature exceeds the upper and lower

24、 limit value of the temperature. III. HARDWARE DESIGN A. Microcontroller The AT89S51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 4K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible

25、with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S51 is a

26、powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. Minimum system of the microcontroller is shown in Fig. 2. In order to save monitoring data, the 6264 is used as an external RAM. It is a static RAM chip, low-power with 8K byt

27、es memory. B. Temperature Detection Circuit The temperature sensor is the key part in the system. The Dallas DS18B20 is used, which supports the 1-Wire bus interface, and the ON-BOARD Patented is used internally. All the sensor parts and the converting circuit are integrated in integrated circuit li

28、ke a transistor 1. Its measure range is -55 125 , and the precision between -10 85 is ±0.5 2 ,3. The temperature collected by the DS18B20 is transmitted in the 1-Wire bus way, and this highly raises the system anti-jamming and makes it fit in situ temperature measurement of the rugged environme

29、nt 4.There are two power supply ways for the DS18B20. The first is external power supply: the first pin of the DS18B20 is connected to the ground; the second pin serves as signal wire and the third is connected to the power. The second way is parasite power supply 5. As the parasite power supply wil

30、l lead to the complexity of the hardware circuit, the difficulty of the software control and the performance degradation of the chip, etc. But the DS18B20(s) can be connected to the I/O port of the microcontroller in the external power supply way and it is more popular. Therefore the external power

31、supply is used and the second pin is connected to the pin P1.3 of the AT89S51. Actually, if there are multipoint to be detected, the DS18B20(s) can be connected to the 1-Wire bus. But when the number is over 8, there is a concern to the driving and the more complex software design as well as the len

32、gth of the 1-Wire bus. Normally it is no more than 50m. To achieve distant control, the system can be designed in to a wireless one to break the length limit of the 1-Wire bus 6. C. LCD Circuit The LCD 12232F is used, which can be used to show characters, temperature value and time, and supply a fri

33、endly display interface. The 12232F is a LCD with 8192 128×32 pixels Chinese character database and 128 16×8 pixels ASCII character set graphics. It mainly consists of row drive/column drive and 128×32 full lattice LCD with the function of displaying graphics as well as 7.5×2 Chi

34、nese characters. It is in a parallel or serial mode to connect to external CPU 7. In order to economize the hardware resource, the 12232F should be connected to the AT89S51 in serial mode with only 4 output ports used.The LCD grayscale can be changed by adjusting the variable resistor connected the

35、pin Vlcd of the LCD. CLK is used to transmit serial communication clock. SID is used to transmit serial data. CS is used to enable control the LCD. L+ is used to control the LCD backlight power. D. Clock Circuit The Dallas DS1302 is used, which is a high performance, low-power and real-time clock ch

36、ip with RAM. The DS1302 serves in the system with calendar clock and is used to monitor the time. The time data is read and processed by the AT89S51 and then displayed by the LCD. Also the time can be adjusted by the keyboard.The DS1302 crystal oscillator is set at 32768Hz, and the recommended compe

37、nsation capacitance is 6pF. The oscillator frequency is lower, so it might be possible not to connect the capacitor, and this would not make a big difference to the time precision. The backup power supply can be connected to a 3.6V rechargeable battery. E. Keyboard Control Circuit The keyboard inter

38、face in the system is driven by the HD7279A which has a +5V single power supply and which is connected to the keyboard and display without using any active-device. According to the basic requirements and functions of the system, only 6 buttons are needed. The system's functions are set by the AT

39、89S51 receiving the entered data. In order to save the external resistor, the 1×6 keyboard is used, and the keyboard codes are defined as: 07H, 0FH, 17H, 1FH, 27H, 2FH. The order can be read out by reading the code instruction. HD7279A is connected to the AT89S51 in serial mode and only 4 ports

40、 are need. As shown in Fig. 6, DIG0DIG5 and DP are respectively the column lines and row line ports of the six keys which achieve keyboard monitoring, decoding and key codes identification. F. Alarm Circuit In order to simplify the circuit and convenient debugging, a 5V automatic buzzer is used in t

41、he alarm circuit 8. And this make the software programming simplified. As shown in Fig. 7, it is controlled by the PNP transistor 9012 whose base is connected to the pin P2.5 of the AT89S51. When the temperature exceeds the upper and lower limit value, the P2.5 output low level which makes the trans

42、istor be on and then an alarm is given by the buzzer. G. Drive Circuit A step motor is used as the drive device to control the temperature. The four-phase and eight-beat pulse distribution mode is used to drive motor and the simple delay program is used to handle the time interval between the pulses

43、 to obtain different rotational speed. There are two output states for the step motor. One: when the temperature is over the upper value, the motor rotates reversely (to low the temperature), while when lower than the lower limit value, the motor rotates normally (to raise the temperature); besides

44、not equals the preset value. Two: when the temperature is at somewhere between the two ends and equals the preset value, the motor stops. These steps are used to achieve the temperature control. In addition, the motor speed can also be adjusted by relative buttons. As shown in Fig. 8, the code data

45、is input through ports A11A8 (be P2.3P2.0) of the AT89S51 and inverted output by the inverter 74LS04. Finally it is amplified by the power amplifier 2803A to power the motor.IV. SOFTWARE DESIGN According to the general design requirement and hardware circuit principle of the system, as well as the i

46、mprovement of the program readability, transferability and the convenient debugging, the software design is modularized. The system flow mainly includes the following 8 steps: POST (Power-on self-test), system initiation, temperature detection, alarm handling, temperature control, clock chip DS1302

47、operation, LCD and keyboard operation. The main program flow is shown in Fig. 9. Give a little analysis to the above 8 tasks, it is easy to find out that the last five tasks require the real time operation. But to the temperature detection it can be achieved with timer0 timing 1 second, that is to say temperature detection occurs per second. The system initiation includes global variable definition, RAM initiation, special function register initiation and peripheral equipment initiation. Global variable definition mainly finishes the interface defi