Lecture 6 Omission

1、Course Name: TranslationLecturer: XU Rui6.1 省略代詞6.2 省略it6.3 省略連詞 6.4 省略冠詞6.5 省略介詞省略：原文中有些詞在譯文中不譯出來(lái)，因?yàn)樽g文中雖無(wú)其詞而已有其意，或者在譯文中是不言而喻的。目的：使譯文簡(jiǎn)潔，符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣注意：省略不能破壞原文的思想內(nèi)容。6.1.1 省略作主語(yǔ)的人稱代詞6.1.2 省略泛指的人稱代詞6.1.3 省略作賓語(yǔ)的人稱代詞6.1.4 省略物主代詞根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，前句出現(xiàn)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，后句如仍為同一主語(yǔ)，就不必重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。英語(yǔ)中通常每句都有主語(yǔ)，因此人稱代詞做主語(yǔ)往往多次出現(xiàn)，這種人稱代詞漢譯時(shí)常?？梢允÷?。但

2、省去的人稱代詞在意思上仍明顯地包含在譯文里。 lBut its the way I am, and try as I might, I havent been able to change it. l不過(guò)我就是這個(gè)脾氣，雖然竭力想改，終究還是改不了。lHe was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.l他消瘦而憔悴，看上去一副可憐相。lHe was well-favoured, bright, a good dancer, a fair shot and a fine tennis player. He was an asset at any pa

3、rty. He was lavish with flowers and expensive boxes of chocolate, and though he entertained little, when he did it was with an originality that pleased.l他很聰明，舞跳得不錯(cuò)，槍打得也可以，網(wǎng)球也打得挺好，深得（女孩子）喜愛。他是宴會(huì)中的寶貝兒，任意購(gòu)買鮮花和高價(jià)巧克力送人。盡管他不大請(qǐng)客，請(qǐng)起來(lái)也別有一番創(chuàng)意，讓人開心不已。lAs I lay awake, I realized that I was in trouble.l我醒來(lái)，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺

4、在地上，明白自己的處境不妙。lYou can never tell.l 很難說(shuō)。lWe eat to live, but not live to eat.l吃飯是為了活著，可活著不是為了吃飯。lWe live and learn.l活到老，學(xué)到老。lThey say its so.l據(jù)說(shuō)是這樣。lHe who has never reached the Great Wall is not a true man.l不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢。lOne can never be too careful in ones work.l工作越仔細(xì)越好。lFight when you can win; move aw

5、ay when you cannot win.l打得贏就打，打不贏就走。The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attain.人生的意義不在于已獲取的，而在于渴望獲得什么樣的東西。英語(yǔ)中有些作賓語(yǔ)的代詞，不管前面是否提到過(guò)，翻譯時(shí)往往都可以省略。Ive received your letter and read it with delight.我收到了你的來(lái)信，愉快地讀了。If you have read these stories, tell them in your

6、 own words.如果你已讀過(guò)這些故事，用你自己的話講出來(lái)。英語(yǔ)句子里的物主代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率很高。一個(gè)句子中往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)好幾個(gè)物主代詞。如果沒有出現(xiàn)其他人稱的物主代詞，翻譯時(shí)物主代詞大多省略。如: I wash my hands before having my lunch.“我吃午餐前洗手”，不說(shuō)“我吃我的午餐前洗我的手”。He entered the room, his coat covered with snow and his nose red with cold.他進(jìn)了屋，大衣上滿是雪，鼻子凍得通紅。All the fellows gathered around, stretchin

7、g their necks like geese. 所有的人都聚攏來(lái)，像鵝一樣伸長(zhǎng)脖子。lHer dark hair waved untidy across her broad forehead, her face was short, her upper lip short, showing a glint of teeth, her brows were straight and dark, her lashes long and dark, her nose straight.l她的黑發(fā)蓬蓬松松地飄拂在前額上，臉是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排閃亮的牙齒，眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又長(zhǎng)又黑，鼻

8、子筆直。6.2.1 非人稱用的it6.2.2 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用itlIt was just growing dark, as she shut the garden gate.l她關(guān)上園門時(shí)，已是暮色蒼茫了。lOutside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.l外面一團(tuán)漆黑，大雨傾盆。lIt was only then that I began to have doubts whether my story would ever be told.l直到那時(shí)我才開始懷疑，我的經(jīng)歷究竟能不能公諸于眾。lIt is only shallo

9、w people who judge by appearances.l只有淺薄的人才會(huì)以貌取人。英語(yǔ)中連詞比漢語(yǔ)多，而且用得也比漢語(yǔ)廣泛。英語(yǔ)句子:短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)、句子與句子之間多采用形合法，即要求結(jié)構(gòu)上的完整。漢語(yǔ)句子:結(jié)構(gòu)一般都按時(shí)間順序和邏輯關(guān)系排列，語(yǔ)序固定、關(guān)系明確，不需要太多的連詞來(lái)表示相互之間的關(guān)系。英譯漢時(shí)，連詞在很多情況下可以不譯。lThe door was opened, and they came in.l門開了，他們走了進(jìn)來(lái)。lYour parents or your wife or your son or your best friends might be expect

10、ing you back home safe and sound.l也許你的父母，妻兒，或者你最好的朋友都在盼望你平安回家呢。 （1）省略表示原因的連接詞英語(yǔ)因果句中一般用連接詞表示原因，而漢語(yǔ)往往通過(guò)詞序先后來(lái)表示因果關(guān)系，“因”在前，“果”在后。因此，英譯漢時(shí)往往可以把原文中的連接詞省掉不譯。lI knew the train was coming as I had seen the passengers swarm into the platform.l我看到乘客們涌上站臺(tái)，知道火車就要進(jìn)站了。（2）省略表示條件的連接詞表示條件的連接詞if，一般譯為“假如、如果”等，但在日?？谡Z(yǔ)體系結(jié)構(gòu)

11、中，往往可以省略不譯。lIf winter comes, can spring be far behind?l冬天來(lái)了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎？（雪萊西風(fēng)頌）lI would not have said it if I had known it.l早知如此我就不說(shuō)了。（3）省略表示時(shí)間的連接詞 表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的when和as 等連接詞，漢譯時(shí)一般用“當(dāng)時(shí)”，或僅用“時(shí)”。但如果漢語(yǔ)時(shí)間先后次序明顯，為了簡(jiǎn)略起見，“當(dāng)時(shí)”或“時(shí)”往往可以省略。lWhen the board was spinning slowly, you could see all the different colors.l紙板慢慢旋轉(zhuǎn)

12、，你就能看出各種不同的顏色。lAs the temperature increases, the volume of water becomes greater.l溫度增高，水的體積就增大。lAt long last, on June 6, 1944, after the European war was basically decided and Hitler licked, the allies launched their long-delayed western front.l1944年6月6日，歐洲戰(zhàn)局基本已見分曉，希特勒敗局已定，盟軍終于在這一天開辟了延遲了很久的西線戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。冠詞是漢

13、語(yǔ)所沒有的詞類。漢譯時(shí)往往要斟酌，是否把冠詞的意思譯出來(lái)。除了帶有明顯指示意義的定冠詞和含有明顯的“一個(gè)”或“每一個(gè)”意思的不定冠詞不能省略外，其它情況一般可以不譯。lAny substance is made of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid, or a gas.l任何物質(zhì)，不論是固體、液體或氣體，都由原子構(gòu)成。（類別）lThe moon was slowly rising above the sea.l月亮從海上冉冉升起。（獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物）lWhen I got to the cinema, the film had already begu

14、n.l我到電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開始了。（特指）lShe stared at me without saying a word.l她一句話不說(shuō)地瞪著我。（不定冠詞a或an 指“一”時(shí)，不能省略）lThe taxi driver said that he was getting a pound a mile.l出租汽車司機(jī)說(shuō)他（開車）每開一英里可賺一英鎊。（不定冠詞a或 an 指“每一”時(shí)不能省略）表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)在翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果能夠放在句首，介詞往往可以省略；如果只能放在句末，就不能省略。lThe Communist Party of China was founded in 1921

15、.l按英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序可以譯成：中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立于1921年。l若將時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前置，可將介詞in 省略，即：1921年中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立。lThe battle began at 11:00 p.m.l夜晚11點(diǎn)戰(zhàn)役打響了。（比較：戰(zhàn)役在夜晚11點(diǎn)打響。）lAn ancient castle stood on the edge of the cliff.l懸崖邊矗立著一座古堡。（比較：一座古堡矗立在懸崖邊。）lSmoking is prohibited in public places.l公共場(chǎng)所禁止吸煙。lNow complaints are heard in all parts of that count

16、ry.l該國(guó)各地怨聲載道。lRumours had already spread along the streets and lanes.l各種流言傳遍了大街小巷。注意：雖然引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)介詞在譯文句首往往可以省略，但放在動(dòng)詞后卻一般不省略，如：lShe stood by the table.l她站在桌旁。lHe sat behind the door. l他坐在門后。1. We have made much progress in pronunciation.2. Trees grow along both banks of the canal.3. A soldier should b

17、e loyal to his country.4. Sunday is the day when I am least busy.5. Because the departure was not easy, wed better make it brief.6. For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its rooms, its electric wiring, its path and its garden.1. We have made much progress in pronunciation.l我們的發(fā)音有很大進(jìn)步。2. Trees grow along both banks of the canal.l運(yùn)河兩岸長(zhǎng)著樹木。3. A soldier should be loyal to his country.l士兵應(yīng)該效忠祖國(guó)。4. Sunday