賓語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句講解

1、賓語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句講解(一)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句的弓I導(dǎo)連詞有that, who, whose, what, which, 副詞 when, where, how, why, whether,if可以跟 that 從句做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：say, think ,wish, hope, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe,agree.1、在學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候要知道賓語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成Iheardthat he would come here later on.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)詞一個(gè)句子作賓語(yǔ)2、要注意在賓語(yǔ)從句中主句與從句的時(shí)態(tài)要呼應(yīng)(a)當(dāng)主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，

2、從句要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，選擇時(shí)態(tài)例如：I believe (that ) you did your best for that.I believe (that ) you will do your best for that.(b)當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(過(guò)去時(shí)代包括，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)等過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài))例如：I hear that he will come here later on .I heard | that he would come here later on.I can ' t tell him that his mother

3、died.(c)當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)用的是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，但是從句的內(nèi)容是對(duì)客觀事情的敘述，從句依然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如： My teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.That引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句在句中作主句的定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系代詞。我們今天要學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)由關(guān)系代詞that來(lái)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句一，that在定語(yǔ)從句中既可指代人也可指代物。先行詞是人或者物時(shí)，可以用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)如： Have you seen the woman that is wearing red coa

4、tHe found the girl that we' re looking for.Please show me the photo that you like best.關(guān)系代詞that在從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或者是賓語(yǔ)，在當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常省略。He found the girl (that ) we are looking for.1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. Th

5、e magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam. They dony hai rdt stud5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.That引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句He promised that h

6、e would never make that mistake againWe all believe the promise that he made to us賓語(yǔ)從句中that為連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分，可以省略，充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略定語(yǔ)從句中that為關(guān)系代詞，充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)或者是賓語(yǔ)選擇填空：1. The manvisited our school yesterday is from London.A. that B. which C. whomD. when2. The woman is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. whose

7、B. that C. whom D. which3. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera he lostlast week.A. which B. thatC. whomD. as4. Where is the man I met this morningA. when B. where C. which D. /5. The doctor is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the n

8、urse is talkingC. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking6. The man around our school is from America.A. which you showed B. you showed himC. you showedD. where you showed7. Have you read the book I lent to youA. that B. whom C. when D. whose8. Jack is pleased with you have given him and

9、 all you have told him.A. that, what B. what, that C. which, whatD. that, which9. He found the book is about Australia is very interestingA what, when B that, where C that, / D /, that10. I am very happy I was chosen to represent our school to take part in thecompetitionA. whatB whyC whichD that注意！

10、賓語(yǔ)從句小口訣：賓語(yǔ)從句三注意，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)序引導(dǎo)詞；主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句不需受限制；主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句須用相應(yīng)時(shí)；陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化that 引，一般疑問(wèn)句用 if/whether, 特殊問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述式。whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句主要用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句意思或選擇疑問(wèn)句意思的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句同樣是陳述語(yǔ)序eg, I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei .注意：一般情況下，whether 和 if 可以互用，但有些情況例外。a. 當(dāng)從句做介詞的賓于是只用whether 不用 if eg, We are talking

11、 about whetherwe'll go on the picnic.b. 引導(dǎo)詞與動(dòng)詞不定式或not 連用時(shí)，只用 whether. eg, Please let me knowwhat to do next. Could you tell me whether you go or notc. if 當(dāng)如果講時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)不能用whether特殊疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問(wèn)詞；引導(dǎo)詞后要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。. Could you tell me what's the matterwrong with you特殊情況當(dāng) do you think 后接特

12、殊疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句式結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為引導(dǎo)詞do you think 陳述句語(yǔ)序。人稱(chēng)的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用a. 從句的主語(yǔ)如果是第一人稱(chēng)，變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句則與主句的主語(yǔ)一致；如果是第二人稱(chēng)，則與主句的賓語(yǔ)一致；如果是第三人稱(chēng)，不用變化。如： “ May I use your knife ” He asked me.fHeasked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number " He asked me. f He asked me if I know her telephone number.b. 賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)

13、點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號(hào)；主句是疑問(wèn)句，用問(wèn)號(hào)。如：Who will give us a talk I don?t know.f I don?t know who will give us a talk.Do you know Where does he live f Do you know where he lives鞏固練習(xí)1. Have you decided for AustraliaA. when will you leave B. when do you leave C. you will leave when D. when you will leave2. Can

14、you tell me A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3. The old man asked me .二，定語(yǔ)從句定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一 名詞 或代詞 的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。如：1) The manwho lives next to us is a policeman.2) You must do everythingthat I do.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句 放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有 關(guān)系代詞

15、that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)和關(guān) 系副詞 where, when、why關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)(1)The boyswho are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old manwho lost his way.如果先行詞是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody 代詞應(yīng)該用who 或 whom. 例

16、：Is there anyone here who will go with you2. whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng) 賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷浴?1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用 who代替，可省略。(2) The manwho/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略(1) Football is a gamewhich is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主

17、語(yǔ))(2) This is the pen(which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語(yǔ))4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 who或者whom ；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 which。在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。(5) The peoplethat/who come to visit the city are all here.衽句子中做主語(yǔ))(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning 依句子中做賓語(yǔ))具體使用時(shí)還要注意下列問(wèn)題 ：1,只能使用that,不用which的情況：(1)先行詞是 al

18、l, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時(shí)。例如：All that he said is true.先行t被 only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時(shí)。例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret.先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的詞。This is the best book(that) I have rea

19、d this year.(5)先行詞既包括人又包括物 時(shí)。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2,只用which不用that的情況：(3)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省 略。例如： The boy, who is good at soccer, comes from Xinjiang.That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，通常是引

20、導(dǎo)詞和先行 詞之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理 史密斯去年退休 了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。(非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to yo遨里有人要和你說(shuō)話 (限帶U性) (4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句， 代替主句所 表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ) 或表語(yǔ)，多數(shù)情況下意思是與 and this相似，并可以指人。例如：He did

21、very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5)如果作先行詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用who。5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)(1) He has a friendwhose father is a doctor.(2) I lived in a housewhose roof has fallen in.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替(3)The classroomwhose door is broken will soon b

22、e repaired.=The classroomthe door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow=Do you like the bookthe color of which is yellow6. when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如：I ' ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7

23、. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如：This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city8. "介詞+關(guān)系代詞”是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)"介詞+關(guān)系代詞”可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從 句。"介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或 which,不可用t

24、hat 。例:Is that the house in which you live ?關(guān)系代詞whom, which在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放 于先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間，有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將whom與which與先行詞緊挨著書(shū)寫(xiě)，而將介詞置于定語(yǔ)從句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the roomwhich we had lived in for ten years. 像 listen to, look at, take care of等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中

25、一般不宜將介詞與 動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of. 及時(shí)鞏固：一，請(qǐng)分析一下定語(yǔ)從句：(請(qǐng)劃出定語(yǔ)從句，并標(biāo)出先行詞)1. Check the ways you study for an English test.2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.3. You couldn ' t understand people who talked fast.4. I have some ideas that may help.5.

26、 They said something you didn ' t like.6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently8. He would always take pride in everything good I do.9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.10. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey12. If you know anyone el

27、se who collects them, please tell me.13. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries.14. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them.15. All I ever wanted to do was traveling.二、用關(guān)系代詞填空：that 、 which 、 who、 whom 、 whose1. This is the man wants

28、 to see you.2. The student answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man you went to see has come.4. The man I met yesterday lent me some money.5. The woman you saw is our geography teacher.6. The runner you are asking about is over there.7. The person you should write to is Mr. Ball.8. The man was

29、passing by saw what happened.9. Here is the pen you lost the day before yesterday.10. These books you lent me were very useful.11. The storybook I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12. A clock is a machine tells people the time.13. This is shirt I bought yesterday.14. A dictionary is a book gives the meaning to the word.15. The book is on the table is mine.16. The film they are talking about is very interesting.17. I will never forget the people and the places I have ever visited.18. Is there