英語簡(jiǎn)單句5種基本類型-公開課

1、2021/8/1412021/8/1422021/8/143簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 (simple sentence) 并列句并列句 (compound sentence)復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 (complex sentence)What kinds of English sentences do you know?2021/8/144簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句: 只有只有主語主語(或并列主語或并列主語) 和和謂語謂語(或并列謂語或并列謂語): .Tom likes rock music. .Tom and John are fond of rock music. .Tom sat down at his desk and

2、began to do his homework.2021/8/145特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動(dòng)詞都特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動(dòng)詞都不能不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須意思，必須加上加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語表語構(gòu)成構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做這類動(dòng)詞叫做( (連連) )系系動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞。 1.含含“是是”意義的有：意義的有：2.表感知狀態(tài)的表感知狀態(tài)的 有有3.表示狀態(tài)表示狀態(tài)變化變化的有：的有：4.表狀態(tài)延續(xù)的有：表狀態(tài)延續(xù)的有：常見的系動(dòng)詞有哪些？常見的系動(dòng)詞有哪些？feel, smell, taste, sound, lo

3、ok;become, get, grow, turn, go, run, fall;remain, keep, stay;be, seem, prove1. _主語主語+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語表語 (S+V+P)2021/8/146系動(dòng)詞的用法系動(dòng)詞的用法: (注意三點(diǎn)注意三點(diǎn)) +_作表語作表語; 無無 _; 無無 _; e.g. The dish _. (嘗起來好吃嘗起來好吃) The story _. (聽起來有趣聽起來有趣).adj. 賓語賓語被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)tastes delicioussounds interesting2021/8/147主系表主系表S+V+P1. You are

4、very happy.2. Everything looks nice. 3. The weather became colder and colder.2021/8/148beautiful Correct mistakes: Her voice sounds beautifully.2. Jim was remained a worker.2021/8/1492. _ Our chalk has run out. On hearing the news, he cheered.經(jīng)?？疾榈牟患拔飫?dòng)詞（或短語）經(jīng)常考查的不及物動(dòng)詞（或短語）: “發(fā)生發(fā)生” _; _; _ ; _ “用完用完,

5、用光用光”_; _. 不及物動(dòng)詞的用法不及物動(dòng)詞的用法: 無無 _, 無無_ 主語主語 + 謂語謂語 (S + V)happen occurtake placebreak outrun out give out 賓語賓語被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)2021/8/1410(1)The teacher was speaking.2每天八點(diǎn)開始上課。每天八點(diǎn)開始上課。(begin)every day. Classes begin at eight2021/8/1411111明天她會(huì)過來。明天她會(huì)過來。(come)She will come tomorrow.five years ago.2五年前我住在武漢。五年

6、前我住在武漢。 (live)I livedin Wuhan1、Translation Do you know what was happened yesterday? 2、Correct the mistake2021/8/1412 基本句型基本句型 三三 特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞都是特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞都是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，但不能表，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟賓語達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟賓語(即該動(dòng)作的承受即該動(dòng)作的承受者者)才能使意思完整。此時(shí)，這類動(dòng)詞叫做才能使意思完整。此時(shí)，這類動(dòng)詞叫做及及物動(dòng)詞或者短語物動(dòng)詞或者短語。常見的及物動(dòng)詞有：常見的及物動(dòng)詞有：like, enjoy, desire, exp

7、ect, look for, take care of等等。等等。 e.g. We like the movie. S Vo2021/8/14132021-12-14131昨晚我寫了一封信。昨晚我寫了一封信。 2這本書我已經(jīng)讀過多次了。這本書我已經(jīng)讀過多次了。I wrote a letter last night. I have read this book many times.Translation2021/8/1414 基本句型基本句型 四四 + +IO +D 特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞必須跟有特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)完賓語才能表達(dá)完 整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的整的意思。這兩

8、個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受直接承受者者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者間接承受者。 通?？筛臑椋和ǔ？筛臑椋篹.g. She gave Tom an apple. I bought him a pen yesterday. 主主 +謂謂+直賓直賓+介詞介詞+間賓間賓=She gave an apple to Tom.=She bought a pen for him2021/8/1415 基本句型基本句型 四四（及物）（及物）I（多指人）（多指人）D（多指物）（多指物）1. I 2. Heshowedboughthimme my pictures. a beautiful skirt

9、.若要先說出直接賓語，后說間接賓語，則要借助與若要先說出直接賓語，后說間接賓語，則要借助與介詞介詞to 或或for。He bought me a beautiful skirt.He bought a beautiful skirt for me.2021/8/1416用用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。用用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助（需借助 to的）的）bring, give, lend, offer, pass, pa

10、y, teach, tell, write, ask等等（需借助（需借助for的）的）buy, call, cook, choose, find, get, 等。等。2021/8/1417Lets have a try!Lets have a try!2021/8/1418181. 今年劉老師教我們數(shù)學(xué)。今年劉老師教我們數(shù)學(xué)。 (teach)2昨晚她給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。昨晚她給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。(tell) 3. 你能把那本字典遞給我嗎？你能把那本字典遞給我嗎？ (pass)Mr. Liu teaches us maths this year.She told us an inte

11、resting story last night.Could you pass me the dictionary?2021/8/1419 基本句型基本句型 五五特點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞雖然是特點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。 判斷原則：判斷原則：此類結(jié)構(gòu)能表達(dá)成此類結(jié)構(gòu)能表達(dá)成（賓語）（賓語）是是/要做要做e.g. We made him the manager. 主主謂謂賓賓賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)I heard him singing.2021/

12、8/1420 I saw him writing a letter.I saw him writing a letter.2. I find maths difficult.2. I find maths difficult.3. We call her Lily.3. We call her Lily.4. Father asked me to turn off the TV.4. Father asked me to turn off the TV.2021/8/14212021/8/1422分析下列句子的結(jié)構(gòu)及其成分。分析下列句子的結(jié)構(gòu)及其成分。 1.Plants need water.

13、 S+V+O ( 主主 + 謂謂+ 賓賓 ) 2.The flower is so fresh.S +V +P (主主 + 系系 + 表表) 3.They work hard. S +V (主主 + 謂謂 ) 4.He gives me some seeds. S +V +IO + DO (主主 + 謂謂 + 間賓間賓 + 直賓直賓) 5.We should keep the classroom clean.S+V +O +OC (主主 + 謂謂 + 賓賓 + 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ))2021/8/1423更正下列句子的錯(cuò)誤更正下列句子的錯(cuò)誤Exercises :Exercises :1. He came

14、the room. 2. The music sounds. 3. I have seen. 4. He gave a pen me. 5. My father bought a book to me. 1. He came into the room. 2. The music sounds wonderful. 3. I have seen the film.4. He gave a pen to me. 5. My father bought a book for me . 2021/8/1424Exercises :Exercises : 翻譯下列句子并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)：翻譯下列句子并分析

15、句子結(jié)構(gòu)：1. 1.我經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語。我經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語。 2. 2.瑪麗是個(gè)聰明的學(xué)生。瑪麗是個(gè)聰明的學(xué)生。3.3.我的老師交給我一封信。我的老師交給我一封信。4. 4.我母親經(jīng)常叫我努力學(xué)習(xí)。我母親經(jīng)常叫我努力學(xué)習(xí)。5. 5.我們叫我們的老師王先生我們叫我們的老師王先生 6. 6.他正在房里做家庭作業(yè)。他正在房里做家庭作業(yè)。1. I often read English in the morning. 2. Mary is a clever student. 3. My teacher gave me a letter. 4. My mother often asks me to stu

16、dy hard. 5. We call our teacher Mr. Wang. 6. He is doing his homework in the room. 主主 + + 謂謂 + + 賓賓主主 + + 系系 + + 表表 主主 + + 謂謂 + + 雙賓雙賓 主主+ + 謂謂 + + 賓賓 + +賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)主主+ + 謂謂 + + 賓賓 + + 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)主主 + + 謂謂 + + 賓賓2021/8/1425請(qǐng)用所學(xué)知識(shí)完成下面雙向翻譯請(qǐng)用所學(xué)知識(shí)完成下面雙向翻譯,并分析并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句子結(jié)構(gòu)。 Our class is made up of 42 members. This is a big family. We always help each other. Our monitor is a boy. He studies very hard.We call him bookworm,1._and he is always ready to help others. 我們都很喜歡他。2._ Our class is happy group,3._ which is full o