新編英語教程5_unit2_教學課件

1、Unit TwoTEXT I Beware the Dirty Seas（當心骯臟的海洋）當心骯臟的海洋） I. Pre-reading Questions 1. Suggested Answer (SA): It reminds me of a text about the polluted sea and gets interested in the text and occur great concerns on me to our living environment. Every year there is a lot of sewage poured into the seas.

2、The waste of coastal cities, industry and factories poisons, etc, cause the seas to become dirty and cause many diseases which threaten peoples lives. Meanwhile, the I. Pre-reading Questions seas are important tour places, and the common areas of the countries along them. They play very important ro

3、les to the countries and people in the areas, if not treated properly, they will bring great trouble to human beings.III. Library Work1. Water pollution is a major element of 20th-century environmental pollution. It includes the accumulation in oceans, lakes, rivers, and streams of physical, chemica

4、l, and biological substances that are either directly harmful to life or that have dangerous or harmful secondary and long-range effects. The principal sources of water pollution are sewage, industrial waste, garbage and refuse, and agricultural fertilizers, pesticides, and weed killers. The two chi

5、ef reasons for the contami-III. Library Work nation and exacerbation of the problem are industrialization and urbanization. Industrial wastes include dissolved minerals, toxic chemicals, and sediments. Modern industrial processes have polluted water with certain metals, such as lead and mercury, whi

6、le agricultural practices do so with a variety of pesticides.III. Library Work2. Treatment and control of wastes of all kinds is the only answer to water pollution problems. Pollution can be controlled by building sewer systems, sewage treatment plants, and installations to keep fertilizers and inse

7、cticides from entering the water.IV. Organization of the Text1. Paragraphs 1 - 4 Introducing the topic: The Mediterranean is the most polluted sea in the world (thesis statement). (1) Causes and consequences of the pollution in general. (2 4)IV. Organization of the Text2. Paragraphs 5 10 First main

8、cause - sewage Improper treatment of sewage by many Mediterranean countries. (5 7) Consequences: contamination of sea water and fish; greater likelihood of disease (8 10)IV. Organization of the Text3. Paragraphs 11 13 Second main cause - industries Untreated wastes emitted from factories along the c

9、oast and from factories located far inland IV. Organization of the Text4. Paragraphs 14 15 Other causes of pollution: pesticides, detergents, fertilizers, oil, etc.5. Paragraphs 16 20 Factors that lead to the severity of the case: narrow and shallow outlet of the Strait of Gibraltar (16);IV. Organiz

10、ation of the Text weak coastal currents and feeble tides (17); long-standing practice of dumping wastes into the seas (18); multiplication of population and increasing number of tourists (19 20)6. Paragraphs 21 22 Conclusion: Efforts being made to solve the problemV. Key Points of the TextParagraph

11、1holiday destination: holiday resortParagraph 2waters: the water of the stated rivers, lakes, etc. E.g.: the upper waters of the Thames 泰晤士河上游泰晤士河上游 South-China Sea waters 中國南海海域中國南海海域 international waters 國際海域國際海域Paragraph 2 sluices its sewage, untreated, into the sea: let out into the sea the wast

12、e materials which have not been treated and not made safe as if through a sluice（水閘）（水閘）, which is a passage for waterParagraph 3to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes : to suffer from mans misuse of his abilities (or mans abilities to destroy) and his attitude of indifference towards environ

13、mental protection fall victim to: suffer fromE.g.: fall victim to a disease / an explosion / ones own avariceParagraph 3The result is that the Mediterranean, which nurtured so many civilizations, is gravely ill - the first of the seas to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes that evolved around

14、 it: What happens is that the Mediterranean, the cradle of many ancient cultures, is seriously polluted. It is the first of the seas that has been made to suffer from a situation resulting from development mixed with an irresponsible mentality.Paragraph 3stifle: to (cause to) be unable to breathe co

15、mfortably, esp. because of heat and lack of fresh air（使）窒息；抑制（使）窒息；抑制E.g.: be stifled with smoke被煙熏得透不過氣來被煙熏得透不過氣來 stifle political freedom扼殺政治自由扼殺政治自由 Shortages of basic materials stifled economic growth. 基本原料的匱乏抑制了經濟發(fā)展?；驹系膮T乏抑制了經濟發(fā)展。 stifle ones laughter (yawn, sobs)忍住笑（呵欠，忍住笑（呵欠，抽泣）抽泣）Paragraph

16、3What relationship does the author establish in Paragraph 3 between the many civilizations the Mediterranean has nurtured and its pollution?SA: The relationship between the two is that of cause and effect. Because of mans misuse of his abilities and his attitude of indifference towards environment p

17、rotection, the Mediterranean, home to so many civilizations, is now in jeopardy.Paragraph 4endemic: (especially of a disease) found regularly in a particular place 地方性的地方性的E.g.: This is a problem endemic to the Western world. 這是西方世界普遍存在的這是西方世界普遍存在的一個問題。一個問題。 an endemic species 特有物種特有物種 endemic folkw

18、ays 當地風俗當地風俗Paragraph 5litany: a form of prayer for use in church services, recited by a priest with responses from the congregation, i.e., people attending a church service 應答連禱應答連禱 Here, litany is used in its transferred meaning, referring to the frequent outbreaks of disease.E.g.: commit a litany

19、 of crimes 犯一系列的罪犯一系列的罪the mournful litany of disease: the deplorable / appalling / dreadful repetitive occurrences of diseaseParagraph 5What is more, most cities just drop it in straight off the beach; rare indeed are the places like Cannes and Tel Aviv which pipe it even half a mile offshore: Furt

20、her, while the places such as Cannes and Tel Aviv dispose of their wastes through a pipe stretching out only half a mile from the shore, most cities do not even bother to do that but simply dump their sewage directly into the sea along the coastline.Paragraph 6What does the author want to tell his r

21、eaders in Paragraph 6?SA: He wants to tell his readers in Paragraph 6 that because of mans irresponsibility and indifference towards environmental protection, Greece is rated one of the few cleaner countries of the northern shore.Paragraph 7flush out: to clean or drive out by a sudden flow of water;

22、 pour out; flood with water to clean out 沖出；泛濫沖出；泛濫E.g.: flush a toilet (lavatory) 抽水沖洗馬桶抽水沖洗馬桶（廁所）（廁所） I was recommended fruit juices to flush nicotine out of the body. 我得到勸告，應我得到勸告，應多喝果汁以從體內排除尼古丁。多喝果汁以從體內排除尼古丁。Paragraph 8are awash with bacteria: have a large amount of bacteriaAwash in its literal

23、sense means “be covered in water”.E.g.: After a heavy rain, the streets were awash. rocks awash at high tide 漲潮時被淹沒的巖石漲潮時被淹沒的巖石 The ships deck was awash. 船上的甲板被浪潮船上的甲板被浪潮沖打沖打。Paragraph 8Awash with is used figuratively, meaning “having a large amount of something,” as used in this sentence.The singul

24、ar form of bacteria is bacterium.Paragraph 9lurk: to exist unseen 潛伏；潛藏潛伏；潛藏E.g.: A snake was lurking in the grass. 一條蛇正潛一條蛇正潛伏在草叢中。伏在草叢中。An even greater danger lurks in the seductive seafood dishes that add so much interest to holiday menus: There is an even greater hidden danger in the attractive

25、seafood dishes that are forever so appealing to those holiday makers.Paragraph 9What does the word “seductive” in Paragraph 9 imply?SA: Seductive comes from the word “seduce”, which is to persuade someone young and without sexual experience to have sex with one. Therefore seductive implies that the

26、seafood dishes are seemingly attractive but threaten with great danger to health. Paragraph 11Factories cluster round the coastline, and even the most modern rarely has proper waste-treatment plant: Factories are set up around the coastline, few of which, including the most sophisticated, have been

27、equipped with a satisfactory system for dealing with their effluents.Paragraph 14pesticide: a more general term is insecticideWhich paragraph(s) is (are) devoted to other sources of pollution apart from sewage and industry?SA: Paragraphs 14 to 15 are devoted to other sources of pollution apart from

28、sewage and industry.Paragraph 14What does the word “explosions” in Paragraph 14 mean?SA: It means rapid increase in amount or number.Paragraph 16virtually unable to cleanse itself: practically / in effect unable to make itself free from waste materialsvirtually: practically, in effect, for all pract

29、ical purposesE.g.: The manager being out of town, Sally is virtually in charge of the work.cleanse: meaning “clean”, is a more elevated word than clean. It is often used figuratively.Paragraph 16E.g.: cleanse one of ones sins or wrongdoings cleanse the world from evilsto cope with the remorseless ru

30、sh of pollution: to deal successfully with the sewage, effluents, etc., which pour into the sea threateningly and which cannot be stoppedParagraph 16cope with: deal successfully withremorseless: threateningly unstoppableE.g.: He was disturbed by the remorseless noise of the engines all night and cou

31、ld not fall asleep.Remorseless is more often used to mean “merciless, pitiless.”E.g.: The man killed his opponent with remorseless cruelty.Paragraph 16What has made the Mediterranean more vulnerable to pollution than other seas in the world?SA: The Mediterranean is landlocked and its weak coastal cu

32、rrents keep sewage and industrial waste close to the shore. Those factors have made the Mediterranean more vulnerable to pollution than other seas in the world.Paragraph 18Explain the use of “of course” at the beginning of Paragraph 18 and that of “but” of Paragraph 19.SA: “Of course” is often follo

33、wed by “but” to mean “it is at least true that but”. Here the writer uses “ of course” to mean that it is not a new problem for the people of the Mediterranean to use the sea for their wastes and that environmental pollution has been in existence for a long time, however, pollution is made worse Par

34、agraph 19 because of the increasing population of inhabitants and visitors. The population trebles every summer: The population increases three times every summer.Triple, a synonym of treble, is more often used in American English.What advice for tourists can be inferred from the facts provided by t

35、he author in the passage?Paragraph 19SA: The possible advice for the Mediterranean tourists can be: do not swim in the sea and do not eat seafood dishes.VI. SA to Ex. 1, P. 14, Workbook 1. The Mediterranean has made positive contributions to the development and prosperity of the countries along its

36、shores but the effect produced by the industrialization and modernization of these countries on the Mediterranean has been negative - they have aggravated the pollution of the sea. 2. Cannes and Tel Aviv. (Paragraph 5)VI. SA to Ex. 1, P. 14, Workbook 3. Even though less than 1/40 of the coastal peop

37、le of Greece have their sewage properly treated, they are not doing too badly. Other countries on the northern shore are causing more serious pollution to the sea than Greece. 4. 1:7 = x:100 x = 100 / 7 Thus x = 14 (approximately)VI. SA to Ex. 1, P. 14, Workbook 5. attractive and luring but leading

38、to bad consequences 6. Paragraphs 14 and 15 7. rapid increases 8. Refer to Paragraphs 16 20. 9. “Of course” indicates that the vulnerability of the Mediterranean is not just due to its unique geographical features. The inhabitants round the shores are also to blame. They have for centuries VI. SA to

39、 Ex. 1, P. 14, Workbook been careless in the protection of their environment. “But” implies that the greatly increased population has made a big difference; the sea is much more seriously polluted than before when the population was small.VI. SA to Ex. 1, P. 14, Workbook 10. Do not eat shellfish unl

40、ess you are sure that it is fresh and has grown in clean water. Take a good shower after a swim to wash off the dirt. Stay as far away as possible from those coastal areas where there are many factories.VII. SA to Ex. 2, P. 15, Workbook 1. What happens is that the Mediterranean, the cradle of many a

41、ncient cultures, is seriously polluted. It is the first of the seas that has been made to suffer from a situation resulting from development mixed with an irresponsible mentality.VII. SA to Ex. 2, P. 15, Workbook 2. Further, while the places such as Cannes and Tel Aviv dispose of their wastes throug

42、h a pipe stretching out only half a mile from the shore, most cities do not even bother to do that but simply dump their sewage directly into the sea along the coastline. 3. There is an even bigger hazard hidden in the seafood dishes that are forever so appealing to the holiday-makers.VII. SA to Ex.

43、 2, P. 15, Workbook 4. Factories are set up around the coastline, few of which, including the most sophisticated, have been equipped with a satisfactory system for dealing with their effluents.VII. SA to Ex. 3, P. 16, Workbook 1. One mans effort is not enough to cope with such a complicated situatio

44、n. 2. When do you think the new IT (information technology) regulations will take effect? 3. The chances of winning a prize in a lottery are very slim; perhaps only a one-in-a-hundred chance. 4. It is deplorable that many a youngster has fallen victim to the use of drugs.VII. SA to Ex. 3, P. 16, Wor

45、kbook 5. There is virtually no one who is in favor of his proposal. 6. Beware of the swindler with a slick tongue and a smiling face. 7. Dont touch the bag! The explosive in it may blow up at any minute. Your life will be at risk. 8. He looked quite confident about the job, though some doubts lurked

46、 in the depth of his mind. Unit TwoTEXT II An Ugly New Footprint in the Sand（沙灘上的一串丑陋的新足跡）沙灘上的一串丑陋的新足跡）I. Key Points of the TextParagraph 1come by: come across; discover by chance; pass byHow do you interpret the title of the article “An Ugly Footprint in the Sand”? Is it related to the “new footpri

47、nt” referred to in the second sentence of the first paragraph?Paragraph 1SA: The strange footprint is a symbol of environmental pollution; and the authors attitude to this new intrusion - one of strong dislikes - is made clear by the word “ugly”.Paragraph 2legions of: also a legion of, meaning “a la

48、rge group of” or “l(fā)arge groups of”blight: to infect or spoil with a disease of plants that results in the drying up and dying of the diseased parts 使使（植物）染上枯萎病（植物）染上枯萎病; here it means “pose a threat to the existence of”Paragraph 2delicate: finely made; delightful精美的，精致的精美的，精致的E.g.: porcelains of del

49、icate workmanship 工藝精致工藝精致的瓷器的瓷器whorl: a ring, especially of leaves on a stem （植（植物）輪；（軟體動物的）殼階，螺紋物）輪；（軟體動物的）殼階，螺紋goo: sticky material 粘性物質粘性物質congeal: to cause (a liquid) to become thick or solid 凝固；凍結凝固；凍結Paragraph 2While environmental pollution is often blamed on population explosion on our globe

50、, Whipple has identified another cause. What is it? How does he support his argument?SA: The need to fuel the technology which mankind has developed to enable it to survive on this planet. Concrete examples are given notably in Paragraphs 2, 9, 10, and 11.Paragraph 4despoil: to steal from using forc

51、es, especially, in time of war; plunder 搶奪；掠奪搶奪；掠奪E.g.: despoil somebody of his right 剝奪某人的權剝奪某人的權利利as it were: as we might say; so to speak 可以這么可以這么說；在某種程度上說；在某種程度上E.g.: He became, as it were, a man without a country. 在某種程度上，他成了一個無國籍的在某種程度上，他成了一個無國籍的人。人。 Im a sort of unpaid adviser, as it were, to

52、the committee. 可以說，我是委員會的義務顧問?？梢哉f，我是委員會的義務顧問。Paragraph 4How do you understand the first sentence of Paragraph 4 “It is still early here”? Is it echoed or contradicted near the end of the article?SA: Environmental pollution here has just begun; it is not very serious yet. This is contradicted by the

53、sentence in Paragraph 11 - The lesson of our fouled beach is that we may not even have realized how late it is already. (continued on the next slide)Paragraph 4 The authors message is “Dont you think that it will be some time before pollution gets really serious here; when the beach is found to be f

54、ouled, it is already too late to keep pollution away from the island.”Paragraph 5How do you justify Whipples inclusion of those paragraphs dealing with mans inefficiency in adapting himself to his environment?SA: As man is not so well adapted to his living environment as, say, a bird, he has to reso

55、rt to artificial aids, which have eventually given rise to pollution.Paragraph 9belie: give a false idea of; show (hope, etc.) to be false or mistaken 給人以錯覺；掩飾給人以錯覺；掩飾E.g.: features that belied the years 掩蓋真實年齡掩蓋真實年齡的相貌的相貌 His appearance belied his quick mind. 從他的外從他的外貌人們看不出他的機智。貌人們看不出他的機智。 The facts belie your story. 事實證明你的說法謬事實證明你的說法謬誤。誤。 His actions belie his words. 他言行不一。他言行不一。Paragraph 9residue: what is left, especially after chemical treatment 殘余物，殘渣殘余物，殘渣E.g.: Residue of pesticides can build up in the soil. 殺蟲劑的殘余會在土壤中積淀。殺蟲劑的殘余會在土壤中積淀。 use crop residues as fuel 利用農作物的殘利用農作物