中考英語二輪復習非謂語動詞講義

1、非謂語動詞學員姓名： 年級：九年級 輔導科目：英 語 學科教師：授課日期授課時段08： 00-10:00授課主題非謂語動詞教學內(nèi)容課前回顧1. 單詞默寫2. 作業(yè)講解知識梳理知識點 1：非謂語動詞一、動詞不定式（重點）1、結(jié)構(gòu)及特征：動詞不定式的基本形式是“ to + 動詞原形”，有時可以不帶 to 。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的 變化，在句子中不能作謂語，但可以擔任除謂語外的任何成分主語、表語、賓語、狀語和賓語補足語， 所以我們又稱之為非謂語形式。動詞不定式仍保留動詞的特點，即它可以有自己的賓語和狀語。2、動詞不定式的用法：動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句子中可以作主語、表語、賓語、

2、定 語和狀語。1） 作主語例如： To learn English well is not easy.或 It is not easy to learn English well.【說明】動詞不定式作主語時，往往用 it 作形式主語，這種句型可歸納為下面的句型： It is + adj.+動詞不定式如果要說明不定式表示的動作執(zhí)行者，可以用 for+sb.It is + adj.+ for sb. To do sth.辨析： It's for sb. 和 It's of sb.A. for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點， 表示客觀形式的形容詞， 如 easy, hard, d

3、ifficult, interesting, impossible 等：It's very hard for him to study two languages.對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。B. of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格， 品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞， 如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right 。It's very nice of you to help me.你來幫助我，你真是太好了?！菊f明】 for 與 of 的辨別方法： 用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句子。如果道理上通順用 of ，

4、不通則用for 。如： You are nice. （通順，所以應用 of） 。He is hard.（人是困難的，不通。 或者: To studytwo languages is hard for him。 因此應用 for 。 ）2）作表語My wish is to become a teacher.補充：常見可用不定式做表語的名詞（ ambition 、 job 、 dream、wish 、 way、 aim ）3）作賓語Most of us like to watch football matches.補充：當謂語動詞為 think 、find 、 believe 等動詞時，常用 it

5、 做形式賓語，不定式 to do 為該句的真正賓 語。常構(gòu)成以下句型（ sb think/find/believe+ it+adi+to do sth）4）作賓語補足語He told me to be here on time.5）作定語I have nothing to say about that thing.6）作狀語He stopped to have a look.補充：對作狀語的不定式 to do 提問，用疑問代詞 why【說明】動詞不定式的否定形式：not + to + 動詞原形構(gòu)成例如： He asked me not to make such a mistake.3 、不定式

6、的否定形式：Tell him not to shut the window典型例題Tell him _ the window.A. to shut notB. not to shutC. to not shutD. not shut答案： B. tell sb to do sth的否定形式為 tell sb not to do sth.4、動詞不定式與疑問詞連用：疑問詞who, what, which 和疑問副詞 when, where, how,why 等后面可以按動詞不定式，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，可以在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。 例如： （1） He doesn ' t kno

7、w how to use the machine. （ 不定式作賓語 ）（2） How to use the machine is a question. （ 不定式作主語 ）（3） The question is when to go there. （ 不定式作表語 ）5 、 省 to 的動詞不定式1）使役動詞 let, have, make ：等后作賓補，省略2）感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find to 。注意：在被動語態(tài)中則 to 不能省掉。A. I saw him dance.=He

8、was seen to dance.B. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.3) would rather ， had better + do難點】6、不定式的特殊句型：1 ) too to ：太而不能He is too excited to speak.2 ) enough to do ：足以做 The child is old enough to go to schooll.3 )so as (not) to do/in order(not) to:表示目的Go i

9、n quietly so as not to wake the baby.7 、不定式的難點：用作介詞的“ to ”： look forward to渴望 ; pay attention to注意 ; be/get used to習慣等等。、動詞的 -ing 形式：1 動詞的 -ing 形式用作動名詞：動名詞是動詞的一種非謂語形式， 由動詞原形加 -ing 構(gòu)成，它在句中起名詞的作用， 可以在句子中用作主語、 表語、賓語、賓語補語、狀語和定語。1) 動名詞作主語Walking is good exercise.走路是很好的運動2) 動名詞作表語My favorite sport is swim

10、ming.我最喜歡的運動是游泳。3) 動名詞作賓語Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 吉姆不喜歡吃巧克力。She can ' t help crying at a sad movie.她看了憂傷的電影禁不住要哭?！菊f明】 有些動詞和動詞短語后只能接動名詞作賓語。例如： admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,

11、等?！居洃浛谠E】 “ Le pm KFC AD ”：look forward to 、 enjoy 、 practice 、 mind、 keep 、 finish 、 cinsider 、Admit 、deny2 動詞的 -ing 形式用作現(xiàn)在分詞：-ing 分詞通常用作賓語補足語， 表示動作正在發(fā)生或者正在進行。 這種用法通常用在下列動詞中： see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe例如： 1） There we found him watching TV.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在那兒看電視。2）

12、I heard someone knocking at the door.我聽見有人在敲門。3 比較：1）共同點：動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)和動詞的 -ing 形式都被稱之為非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，因此它們一般都可以放在句中除了 謂語之外的其他位置。2）區(qū)別動詞不定式的基本含義是表示謂語動詞后面的動作還未發(fā)生，此外， 若謂語動詞后面的動作發(fā)生過了也用不定式，而 -ing 分詞的基本含義一般則表示動作正在發(fā)生或進行。動名詞的基本用法是該結(jié)構(gòu)用在及物動詞或介詞之后構(gòu)成動賓短語或介賓短語。 3）接不定式或動名詞，意義相同：begin to dobegin doingstart to dostart doing4 ）動名詞與

13、不定式語義不同 ：A. stop to doB. forget to doC. remember to doD. try to doE. go on to dostop doingforget doing remember doing try doinggo on doingF. continue to docontinue doing隨堂練習1. The first textbooks for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writte

14、nC. being writtenD. written2. You were brave enough to raise objection at the meeting. Well, now I regret that.A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done3. We agreed here but so far she hasn' t turned up yet.A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met4. The boy wanted to ride

15、his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him .A. not to B. not to doC. not do itD. do not do5. Paul doesn ' t have to be made . He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learnedD. learning6. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LosingB. Having lostC. Lost D. To lost

16、7. The patient was warned oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating8. The Olympic Games, in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playing B. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing9. I would love to the party last night

17、but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have gone C. goingD. having gone10. European football is played in 80 countries, it the most popular sport in the world.A. makingB. makesC. madeD. to make11. WhenI got back home I saw a message pinned to the door “Sorry to miss you; will

18、 call later. ”A. read B. reads C. to readD. reading12. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, it more difficult.A. not makeB. not to make C. not makingD. do not make13. Robert is said abroad,but I don ' t know what country he studied in.A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be stud

19、ying D. to have been studying14. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out15. such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having sufferedB. SufferingC. To suffer D. Suffered1

20、6. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains whether they willenjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen17. The research is so designed that once nothing can be done to change it.A. beginsB. having begun C. beginningD. begun18. It is said that in Australia there

21、is more land than the government knows .A. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with it19. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked20. She looks forward every spring to the flower-lined garden.A. visitB

22、. paying a visitC. walk inD. walking in21. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person A. to sendB. for sending it C. to send it toD. for sending it to22. What do you think made Mary so upset? her new bike.A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing23. The lady sai

23、d she would buy a gift for her daughter with the .A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remainC. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars24. There are f ive pairs , but I' m at a loss which to choose.C. to chooseA. to be chosenB. to choose fromD. for choosing25. in 1636, Harvard is one of t

24、he most famous universities in the United States.A. Being foundedC. FoundedB. It was foundedD. Founding23A. he ' d like to collect coins as wellC. to collect coins is also his hobby27. Finding her car stolen, .A. a policeman was asked to helpC. it was looked for everywhere26. Fishing is his favo

25、rite hobby, and B. he feels like collecting coins, tooD. collecting coins also gives him great pleasureB. the area was searching thoroughlyD. she hurried to a policeman for help28. In order to gain a biggershare in the international market, many state-run companies are striving their products more c

26、ompetitive.A. to makeB. making C. to have made D. having made29. Though money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lacked B. lacking of C. lackingD. lacked in30. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions needA. that; to be improved B. which; to be

27、 improvedC. where; improvingD. when; improving31. The discovery of new evidence led to .A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught32. the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A. GivenB. To giveC. Givin

28、gD. Having given33. The picture on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hungB. hangingC. hangsD. being hung34. Sandy could do nothing but to his teacher that he was wrong.A. admitB. admittedC. admittingD. to admit35. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to some schools for poor childr

29、en.A. set upB. setting upC. have set upD. having set up36. late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleepB. SleepingC. Sleep D. Having37. With a lot of difficult problems , the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settingC. to settle D. being settled38. In some pa

30、rts of London, missing a bus means for another hour.A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. to be waiting39. In order to make our city green,A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plantC. our city needs more treesD. we must plant more trees40. How do you deal with the disagre

31、ement between the company and the customers? The keythe problem is to meet the demandby the customers.A. to solving, makingB. to solving, madeC. to solve, makingD. to solve, made41. The teacher asked usso much noise.42.A. don ' t makeB. not makeC. not makingD. not to maketime, he' ll make a

32、first-class tennis player.A. Having givenB. To giveC. GivingD. Given43. He looked around and caught a manhis hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting答案詳解 :1. D 。表示“被動、完成”用過去分詞作定語。2. D 。 regret doing sth表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到“后悔”；regret to say / tell / inform / announce用以報告令

33、人不快之事，表示對將要說的話感到“遺憾、抱歉”，主語通常是I / we, regret用一般現(xiàn)在時。3. C 。 agree 只能接不定式，在謂語動之后發(fā)生，用一般式，選C。4. A。根據(jù)句型 tell sb （not） to do sth ，排除 C 和 D ；當不定式的動詞是前面已出現(xiàn)過的相同的動詞時， 為避免重復，通常省略 to 后的內(nèi)容，只保留 to, 所以只有 A 對。5. B 。 make sb do sth 的被動式為 sb be made to do sth（ 某人被迫做某事 ） 。6. C ?？疾檫^去分詞作狀語。 Lost in thought=As he was lost

34、in thought 。 be lost in thought（沉思 ）是固定搭配；這類習慣表達還有 be caught in the rain（ 遭雨淋 ）, be dressed in red（ 穿著紅衣 ）, be seated（ 就 座) 等。7. C 。本句是 warn sb (not) to do sth 的被動式。8. C 。因 The Olympic games 與 play 是被動關(guān)系，排除 A 和 D ；不定式的被動式，表示未來的動作，排 除 B 。表示“被動、完成”，用過去分詞。9. B。 would love / like 后面只能接不定式，排除 C 和 D 。表示過去

35、未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望，后接不定式完成式， 故選 B 。10. A ?，F(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。11. D 。 句中 read 意為“有某字樣”， a message pinned to the door意為“釘在門上的一張紙條”， amessage 與 read 是主動關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。12. B 。考查非謂語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)平衡性。 not to make it more difficult是與 to make it easier形成對比的否定結(jié)構(gòu)，兩者在句中作表語。13. A 。由 studied 可知，他曾到國外留過學，“留學”這個動作已結(jié)束并發(fā)生在謂語動作 (is said) 之前， 所以要用完成式

36、。14. A 。此句結(jié)構(gòu)復雜 , 句中的 that 引導一個定語從句，它代表 the plan 并在從句中作 see 的賓語， the plan 與 carry out 是被動關(guān)系，因此，用過去分詞作賓補。即卻ee the plan carried out the next year.15. A。句意為“這條河已經(jīng)遭受如此嚴重的污染，現(xiàn)在要想清理也許為時已晚了”。 suffer 發(fā)生在 clean up之前，且有 already 暗示，無疑要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語。16. B 。 remain 作“尚需”解，要接不定式作表語， see 與 it( 形式主語，指 whether they wi

37、ll enjoy it) 是動賓關(guān)系，因此用不定式的被動式。17. D 。“連詞 +分詞”作狀語，依然由句子主語與分詞的關(guān)系來確定，主動關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動關(guān)系用過 去分詞。 the research 與 begin 是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞 begun 。18. C 。do with 與 what 連用是一個很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，可以表示“處置”、“利用”等。19. B 。 find 后可接現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作補語，但不接不定式。 he 與 smoke 是主動關(guān)系，用 -ing 形式 作補語，故選 B 。20. D 。look forward to中 to 是介詞，后接動詞要用動名詞。若選 B ，應在

38、其后加 to 才行。21. C 。不定式作定語， the person 是 send it 的對象，可理解為 to send it to the person 。22. C 。用完整的句子應這樣回答： Losing her new bike made Mary so upset.23. D。因為 remain 是不及物動詞， 其過去分詞無被動含義， 所以要用 remaining（ 剩下的 ） 作定語， 修飾 20 dollars 。24. B 。句意是“有五雙可供選擇，我拿不定主意從中選擇哪一雙”，而不是選擇五雙。25. C 。Harvard（ 哈佛大學 ）與 found（ 建立）是被動關(guān)系，

39、且早在 1636 年已建立，故用過去分詞。26. D?？疾榉侵^語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)平衡性。因and 連接兩個并列的簡單句，前一分句用 -ing 形式作主語，后一分句也應用 -ing 形式作主語。27. D 。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語就是句子主語。Finding her car stolen的邏輯主語顯然是 she ，故選 D。意為：她發(fā)現(xiàn)她的車被人偷了，她就趕緊報警求援。28. A 。不定式作目的狀語?！笆巩a(chǎn)品更具競爭性”是“正在努力的目的”。29. C ?！斑B詞 +分詞”作狀語。 his parents 與 lack money（ 缺錢 ） 是主動關(guān)系，又因為 lack 是及物動詞， 不用介詞

40、，故選 C。30. A 。that 引導的從句與 problem 是同位語。 need, want, require等表示“ （某物 ）需要做某事”時，后接動名詞的主動式或接不定式的被動式都可以。31. C 。lead to（ 導致、使 ）中的 to 是介詞，后接動名詞；邏輯主語 the thief 與 catch 是被動關(guān)系，故 選 C 。32. A 。 given 作介詞，意為“鑒于、考慮到”，可接名詞或that 從句。33. B。 hang 表示“懸掛”時，可用作及物或不及物動詞，此處填 hanging 或 hung 均可，但不能填 being hung，因為它表示動作正在進行，而此處表

41、示的是一種懸掛的狀態(tài)。34. A 。介詞后接動詞一般要用動名詞，但 but / except 等介詞后卻可以接不定式，前面有行為動詞 do 時 不帶 to ，無 do 時要帶 to 。35. B。devote 卼 o?把貢獻給； 致力于 ） 中 to 是介詞， 應接 -ing 形式；all 是 devote 的賓語， he had 是省略了關(guān)系代詞 that 的定語從句，修飾 all 。注意，千萬不要以為 had to 是“不得不”，后接動詞原形， 而去選 A ，那就中了命題人的圈套了。36. A 。不定式作目的狀語。句意為：為了下午多睡一會，Bob 關(guān)掉了鬧鐘。37. C 。“新當選的總統(tǒng)日

42、子不好過”是因為“有許多問題要解決”，表示“有要”用不定式作定語。38. A 。 mean to do 打算做， mean doing 意味著。句意為：在英國的某些地方搭不上公共汽車意味著要再等 一個小時。39. D 。“使城市綠化”是“我們 （we） ”的目的。40. B。 key to（ 的關(guān)鍵 ） 中 to 是介詞，應接動名詞；又因名詞 demand 與 make 是被動關(guān)系 （make demands 提出要求 ） ，另有 by 這一標志詞暗示，用過去分詞作定語。41. D。ask ， tell, want 等后要接帶 to 的不定式作賓補，其否定式是在不定式前加 not 。即 ask

43、 sb （not） to do sth 叫某人 （ 不要 ） 做某事。42. D 。 give 與其邏輯主語 he 是動賓關(guān)系，用過去分詞，故選 D ，Given time=If he is given time。43. D 。 catch sb. doing sth.意為碰巧撞見某人正在做某事。歸納總結(jié)1. 非謂語動詞易錯點2. 非謂語動詞難點課后作業(yè)1. 整理 錯題2. 回家作業(yè)1. Helen had to shout above the sound of the music.A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making h

44、erself heardD. to make herself heard 2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures in your mind instead of before your eyes.A. to formB. form C. forming D. having formed3. The man insisted a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A. findB. to findC. on f

45、inding D. in finding4. The old man, abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to workB. workingC. to have worked D. having worked5. You were silly not your car.A. to lock B. to have locked C. lockingD. having locked6. Don ' t leave the water while you brush your teeth.A. r

46、unB. runningC. being runD. to run7. When flint to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced8. “ We can' t go out in this weather,” said Bob, out of the window.A. lookingB. to lookC. lookedD. having looked9. My advisor encourage

47、d a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me takingB. me takingC. for me to take D. me to take10. in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A. To waitB. Have waited C. Having waitedD. To have waited11. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufact

48、uring and Mining Company, as 3M.A. knowing B. known C. being knownD. to be known12. Sarah, hurry up. I' m afraid you can ' t have time to before the party.A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change13. by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to stay another tw

49、o days off thefarm.A. AttractingB. Attracted C. To be attractedD. Having attracted14. I don ' t know whether you happenbut I ' m going to studyin the U. S. A. thisSeptember.D. to have heardthe film stars had left.A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear 15. The news reporters hurried to th

50、e airport, onlyA. to tellB. to be told C. tellingD. toldthe exam.16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard timeD. passingA. pass B. to pass C. passed17.with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all.18.A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When c

51、omparedthe programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not having completedD. Having not completed19. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, betterityou' ve got somebig bills coming.A. forgetB. forgotC. forgettingD. to forge

52、tTV.20. According to a recent U. S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a weekA. to watchB. to watchingC. watchingD. watch21. The flu is believedby viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human noseand throat.A. causeB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have caused22. The flowersswee

53、t in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smellB. smelling C. smeltD. to be smelt23. The disc, digitally in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.A. recorded B. recordingC. to be recorded D. having recorded24. Having been attacked by terrorists, .A. d

54、octors came to their rescueB. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists25. Robert is said abroad, but I don' t know what country he studied in.A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studying D. to have been studying26. The managers discussed t

55、he plan that they would like to see the next year.A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out27. I ' ve worked with child before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expectedB. to expectC. to be expectingD. expect28. such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up

56、the river.A. Having suffered B. SufferingC. To sufferD. Suffered29. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains whether theywill enjoy it.A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen30. The research is so designed that once nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begunC. beginningD. begun31. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government kno