(完整word版)英語句子成分講解_練習(xí)及答案改

1、I believe I can fly.1行知中學(xué)高二學(xué)考復(fù)習(xí)之句子成分及基本句型【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括： 主語、謂語、賓語 （直接賓語、間接賓語）、表語、定語和狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。（一）主語：主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)。它在句首。如:（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse.（名詞作主語）（2）He reads newspapers every day.（代詞作主語）（3）Smoking is harmful to the health.（動(dòng)名詞作主語）（4）To swim in Ku

2、nming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主語）（5）What we should do is not yet decided.（主語從句作主語）（二）謂語主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語后面。說明主語“做什么” “是什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）必須是動(dòng)詞。謂語和女口：His parents areteachers.（系動(dòng)詞和表語一起作謂語）I believe I can fly.2We study hard.（行為動(dòng)詞作謂語）We donfi nish readi ng the book.（助動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語）He can spe

3、ak En glish.（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語）（三）賓語賓語是動(dòng)作、行為的對象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語來擔(dān)任，它和及物動(dòng)詞 起說明主語做什么。一般放 在謂語之后。She is doing her homework now.（名詞作賓語）She says（that）she is ill.（賓語從句作動(dòng)詞賓語）We often help him.（代詞作賓語）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作賓語）We enjoy listening to the music.我們喜歡聽音樂。（動(dòng)名詞短語作賓語）說明1：賓語是及物動(dòng)詞涉及到的人或物，賓

4、語一般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。介詞后面的名詞或代詞或 動(dòng)名詞，稱為介詞賓語。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中做動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語。另外，動(dòng)詞不定式可作動(dòng) 詞賓語：動(dòng)名詞和賓語從句也可用作動(dòng)詞賓語。說明2：及物動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)后面要跟賓語。賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的 直接對象,直接賓語指物，間接賓語通常是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所及的人，間接賓語指人。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前。不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都可以用雙賓語。有的動(dòng)詞可以跟。女如：give, show（給.看），bring, pass, buy等。如：(1)Our teacher tells us a story.(2) The sun gives

5、 us light.（五）表語表語說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞或 形容詞或短語來擔(dān)任。它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。如:I am a teacher.（名詞）He is always happy.（形容詞）They are on the playground now.（介詞短語）It gets cold.（形容詞）Be動(dòng)詞（am，is,are, was, were）系動(dòng)詞 表保持（keep, stay, remain）表改變（get，become，turn）.感官動(dòng)詞（feel，sou nd（聽起來），seem/look（看起來），taste（嘗起來

6、），smell（聞起來） 女口：It sounds interesting.（sound為系動(dòng)詞，interesting為表語）We should all remain careful. Rema in（為系動(dòng)詞，careful為表語）（六）定語定語是用來 修飾名詞或代詞 的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不等式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的 詞或短語等。單個(gè)詞 作定語時(shí)，誦常 放在它所修飾的名詞之前。女口：The black bike is mine.（形容詞）Whats your name?代詞）I believe I can fly.3They make paper flowers.（名詞）說明

7、1:當(dāng)定語 修飾不定代詞：nothing, anything, everything, something等時(shí)，定語 在不定代詞后面。 女口：I tellhim someth ingin teresti ng.（形容詞in teresti ng作不定代詞someth ing的后置定語）He has something to do.（to do為不定式作后置定語）（七）狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞 。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來表示。狀語一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。如：He did it carefully.

8、（副詞）We often help him.（副詞）Her mother goes out to do some shopp ing on Sun day.（介詞短語）When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（從句作時(shí)間狀語）He sits there.（副詞地點(diǎn)狀語）典型例題寫出劃線部分的句子成分。1. I_ily is cleaning the desk now.2. Her garde n is the best in our tow n.3. Liu Mi ng is thirteen years old.4. I like this bo

9、ok very much.5. The girl on the blue bike is Janesister.6. She didnt contue my party because she was ill.7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.8. We will go to the Childrens Pataca week.9. They are in the classroom.10. It sounds good.11. His name is Paul.12. We always go to school earlyI believe

10、I can fly.4課后練習(xí)（一）挑出下列句中的賓語1My brother doesnt do_ his homework.ABCD2People all over the world speak English.ABCD3You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A BCD4How many new words do you learn ?A B C D5Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?ABCD（二）挑出下列句中的表語1The

11、 old man is feeling very tired.AB CD2Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D3The leaves have turned yellow.ABCD4Soon They all become interested in the subject.ABCD5She is the first to learn about it.A B C D（三）挑出下列句中的定語1They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.A BC D2What is your given name?A B C D3On the

12、third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D4I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.ABCD5The man down stairs was trying to sleep.ABCD（四）挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語1She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.ABCD2He asks her to take the boy out of school.ABCD3She find i difficul

13、t to do the work.ABCD4They cOl me Lily sometimes.ABC D5I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B CDI believe I can fly.5（五）挑出下列句中的狀語1There is a big smile on her face.ABCD2Every ni ght he heard the no ise upstairs.ABCD3He began to learn English when he was eleven.ABCD4The man on the motorbike is travelling t

14、o fast.ABCD5With the medici ne box un der her arm. Miss Li hurried off.AB C D（六）劃出句中的直接賓語（）和間接賓語（ 一1Please tell us a story.2My father bought a new bike for me last week.3Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.4Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.5Does he leave any message for me?I believe I can fly.6典型例題答案寫出劃線部