中譯第2講2012

1、中級筆譯第二講3. 英譯漢技巧3.1 選詞技巧3.1.1 根據(jù)詞性選詞He is up in mathematics.他精通數(shù)學(xué)。They went up wind.他們迎風(fēng)而行。The ship is sailing up the river.這船正向河的上游航行。The new museum is up and opens to the public.新博物館已落成開放。We all have our ups and downs. 命運(yùn)盛衰無定。(人生總有起起落落) Prices are being upped by 20 %. 價格上漲了百分之二十。 She upped and thre

2、w the teapot at him. 她跳起來, 將茶壺向他擲去。3.1.2 根據(jù)搭配選詞 good soil 肥沃的土壤 a good money 真的貨幣 a good river 暢通的河道 a heavy eater 食量大的人 heavy food 難消化的食物 That beat me. 真把我難住了。 We can beat them. 我們可以打敗他們。 3.1.3 根據(jù)上下文選詞 No context, no text. His spoken English isnt good enough because of lack of exposure. 他的英語口語不太好，因

3、為缺乏英語環(huán)境。 Throughout centuries London has claimed to be the foremost city of the world. 幾個世紀(jì)以來, 倫敦堪稱世界一流城市。 Oxford claims a large share in the making of England. 牛津大學(xué)對英國的發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)很大。 The explosion claimed more than twenty lives. 這次爆炸使20多人喪生。An aggressive country is always ready to start a war. 一個好侵略的國家總是挑

4、起戰(zhàn)爭。 An aggressive young man can go far in our firm. 一個富有進(jìn)取心的年輕人在我們公司前途無量。 The illegal search was an invasion of their civil liberties. 那次非法搜查是對他們公民自由權(quán)的侵犯。 Our conference did in the end make detailed plans for the invasion. The date was to be 1May, 1944. 我們的會議最后確實(shí)制定了進(jìn)攻的詳細(xì)計劃, 進(jìn)攻日期定在1944 年5 月1日。3.2 增詞

5、技巧 3.2.1增加適當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)量詞、單字重疊或其他表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的詞。如：“們、一批、許多、幾次、幾個、大量、之類、一些、那些、各種、種種”等。 A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea. 一輪紅曰從風(fēng)平浪靜的海面冉冉升起。 the Soviet Union，the United States， England and France 蘇、美、英、法四國 In spite of the difficulties, our task was got over well. 雖然有各種困難，但我們的任務(wù)已順利完成。3.2.2 增加賓語。 英語不及物動詞有隱含賓語，譯成

6、漢語時往往需要把它清楚表達(dá)出來。 to wash before meal 飯前洗手 Day after day she came to her work - sweeping, scrubbing and cleaning. 她每天來干活掃地，擦地板，收拾房間。 3.2.3 翻譯英語省略句時，根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣增加省略的部分。 We wont retreat, we never have and never will. 我們不后退，我們從來沒后退過，我們將來也決不后退。 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exac

7、t man. 讀書使人充實(shí)；討論使人機(jī)智；寫作使人準(zhǔn)確。doing 3.2.4增加語氣詞。 英譯漢時一味照字面直譯, 會導(dǎo)致誤譯 ,或是雖勉強(qiáng)可懂, 但達(dá)不到原文作者所要表達(dá)的效果。增加語氣詞可較好地解決這一問題。 “Im sorry for it, Miss Catherine.” It was my response, and I proceeded assiduously with my occupation .（Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte） “真是對不起了,凱瑟琳小姐!”我應(yīng)道,然后又只管埋頭干我的活。 Well, mankind is not

8、doing a very good job of running the earth right now.（Maybe when the time comes, we ought to step gracefully aside and hand over the job to someone who can do it better.） 唉，反正人類現(xiàn)在也沒有做好管理地球的工作。3.2.5增關(guān)聯(lián)詞，使得上下文銜接緊密,語氣較為順暢。 Being a good conductor, copper is generally used to conduct electricity. 因?yàn)殂~是一種良

9、導(dǎo)體,故一般用它導(dǎo)電。 Were there no gravity, there would be no air around the earth. 假如沒有重力,地球周圍就沒有空氣。 It was the best of times, it was the worst of times ;it was the age of wisdom ,it was the age of foolishness ;it was the epoch of belief ,it was the epoch of incredulity. (A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dic

10、kens) 這是一個盛隆之世, 但也是一個衰微之世; 這是一個智慧的時代, 但也是一個愚蠢的時代;這是一個有信仰的新紀(jì)元, 但也是一個充滿懷疑的新紀(jì)元。3.2.6 增加具體名詞, 如：“狀態(tài)”、“工作”、“過程”、“現(xiàn)象”、“方式”、“情況”、“作用”、“部分”、“方面”、“化”等詞。 The teacher is not satisfied with our preparation. 老師對我們的準(zhǔn)備工作不滿意。 militarily, politically and economically 軍事、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)方面 Speed and reliability are the chief ad

11、vantages of the electronic computer.譯文1：速度、可靠性是電子計算機(jī)的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)。譯文1：速度快、可靠性高是電子計算機(jī)的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)。3.2.7根據(jù)漢語的措辭習(xí)慣，增詞He was weak and old.他又老又虛弱。These commodities are cheap and fine.這些商品又便宜又好。glib tongue油嘴滑舌l(xiāng)ive and learn活到老，學(xué)到老3.3 減詞技巧 英漢比較： If there is food, let everyone share it. 有飯大家吃。 3.3.1省代詞。 He who has never r

12、eached the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到長城非好漢。 3.3.2省重復(fù)詞 Through Tom I learned: Nothing is impossible and never, never give up or quit.” 在湯姆身上我學(xué)到了：“一切皆有可能。永遠(yuǎn)不要放棄?！?.3.3省連接詞 We, especially the younger generations of China and the United States, must make common cause of our common challenges, so t

13、hat we can, together, shape a new century of brilliant possibilities. 我們，尤其中美兩國的青年一代，必須齊心協(xié)力，共同迎接挑戰(zhàn)，共同創(chuàng)造光輝燦爛的新世紀(jì)。 The parties must act in accordance with the principle of good faith, no matter (whether) in exercising rights or in performing obligations. 當(dāng)事人行使權(quán)利、履行義務(wù)應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循誠實(shí)信用原則。 3.3.4 省動詞 Without sense

14、 of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected? 如果對自己的錯誤都不認(rèn)識怎么能悔恨和改正呢。3.3.5 為了表現(xiàn)漢語簡練、緊湊、清晰的修辭特點(diǎn)。 the old，the weak，the sick and the disabled 老、弱、病、殘者 in the course of the same year 同年 the earliest possible date 盡早 advertisement and commercials 廣告 As it is late, let us go to bed. 不早了，睡吧！

15、3.4 詞義引申技巧3.4.1詞義具體化將原文中詞義比較寬泛、籠統(tǒng)、抽象概念或一般行為的詞引申為具體的意義或動作，即縮小外延而豐富內(nèi)涵，符合譯文的語義邏輯和表達(dá)習(xí)慣。There is much woman about him.他的舉止頗帶女人氣。woman“女人”女人氣There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.要完全掌握集成電路技術(shù)，必須要分三步走。graduate from “畢業(yè)于”完全掌握Is the emigration of i

16、ntelligence to become an issue as absorbing as the immigration of strong muscle? 知識分子移居國外是不是會和體力勞動者遷居國內(nèi)一樣構(gòu)成令人注目的問題? intelligence“智力”“知識分子” muscle“體力”“體力勞動者” A pale face of a young woman was raised feebly from the pillow; and a faint voice imperfectly articulated the words, “Let me see the child, and

17、 die.” imperfectly：有缺點(diǎn)地；articulate:清楚地表達(dá) 一個年輕女子有氣無力地從枕頭上仰起毫無血色的面孔，用微弱的聲音含糊不清地吐出這樣幾個字來：“讓我看看孩子再死?！?.4.2 詞義抽象化。 英語中表示具體意義的詞往往可用來表示事物的一種屬性或一個概念，譯時可將具體意義引申為某種屬性或抽象概念。 The pen is mightier than the sword. 智慧勝過武力。 He gave up the sword for the plough. 他解甲歸農(nóng)了。 I was not one to let my heart rule my head. 我不是一

18、個讓情感凌駕于理智之上的人。 He felt the patriot rise within his breast. 他感到 一種愛國熱情在胸中激蕩。 patriot “愛國者”“愛國熱情”3.4.3比喻的引申如果在漢語中沒有相似的比喻，則需要引申：Every life has its roses and thorns.每個人的生活都有甜有苦。Last night, I heard him driving his pigs to market.昨晚，我聽到他鼾聲如雷。Old Mr. Jones kicked the bucket last week.老瓊斯上周嗚呼哀哉了。Don't c

19、ross the bridge before you get to it.你不必?fù)?dān)心得太早。3.4.4 專有名詞普通化引申 I want to be TVs Czar of script and grammar. 我真想成為電視這一行的霸主，所有節(jié)目我說了算。 Czar“沙皇”“霸主” 3.4.5 普通名詞專有化引申 Beauty lies in lovers eyes. 情人眼里出西施。 3.4.6 語義內(nèi)涵引申 Rubber is not hard, it gives away to pressure. 橡膠性軟, 受壓變形。 Paula didnt need any lessons wh

20、en it comes to office politics. 說到辦公室里明爭暗斗那一套, 波位可算是無師自通。 politics “政治”和“權(quán)術(shù)” “明爭暗斗那一套”,3.5 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯技巧3.5.1 名詞動詞Eventually I discovered I had a talent for sales, and was hired by a Swedish house wares corporation.最后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己善于推銷，便進(jìn)入了一家瑞典家庭用品公司工作。The Declaration consists of three parts: a profound and eloque

21、nt statement of political philosophythe philosophy of democracy and of freedom; second, a statement of specific grievances' designed to prove that George III had subverted American freedom; and third, a solemn statement of independence and pledge of support for that policy.獨(dú)立宣言>包括三個部分：第一部分闡明政

22、治哲學(xué)民主與自由哲學(xué)，內(nèi)容深刻動人；第二部分列舉若干具體的不平事例，以證明喬治三世破壞了美國的自由；第三部分宣布獨(dú)立，并宣誓支持該項(xiàng)政策。I am tired now and have to take a rest .我累了,要休息一會兒。(名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞)3.5.2名詞形容詞英語中有些作表語或賓語的抽象名詞，以及某些形容詞派生的名詞，往往可轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語中的形容詞。She was a success as an actress.她是位成功的女演員。Sorry, I don't know. I'm a stranger here myselfWhat you did that da

23、y was of great use.你那天所做的一切非常有用。The document is of vital importance.這個文件非常重要。Talking about private lives of other people is always a mistake.談?wù)搫e人的私生活總是錯誤的。Keeping a diary in English is an absolute necessity for English beginner.對英語初學(xué)者來說,用英語寫日記是絕對必要的。3.5.3名詞副詞He played the violin with his heart and s

24、oul.他全神貫注地拉小提琴。3.5.4 動詞名詞。動詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞和形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞。The business is highly specialized.這職業(yè)具有高度的專業(yè)性。The youths always dream fondly of their future.年輕人對前途總是懷有美好的夢想。The new contract would expire in 5 years.新合同的有效期為五年。You're very eloquent.你很有口才。Success is dependent on how hard you work.成敗取決于你努力的程度。3.5.5 介詞動詞

25、government of the people, by the people, for the people”民有、民治、民享的政府。through the ages古往今來against the proposal反對這項(xiàng)提議Scientists worldwide have conducted scores of studies since the 1993 publication of a landmark paper by Ericsson and two colleagues_自從愛立信教授和他的兩個同事在1993年發(fā)表了一篇里程碑式的論文之后，世界各地的科學(xué)家就展開了一系列研究。B

26、y Radar people can see things beyond the visibility of them.人們利用雷達(dá)可以看到視線之外的東西。He is walking in the rain with an umbrella in his hand.他手握一把傘在雨中走著。Do you wish to be paid in cash or by check ?你想拿現(xiàn)金還是拿支票?3.5.6 形容詞動詞a regular in a restaurant經(jīng)常光顧一家飯店We are very grateful to you for meeting us at the airpor

27、t.我們非常感謝你來機(jī)場接我們。Doctors are not sure whether the patient will wake up again.醫(yī)生不敢肯定病人是否能再醒過來。The people of two countries are great hopeful of a successful agreement .兩國人民非常期待著兩國能成功達(dá)成協(xié)議。Students should be a bit more confident in themselves.學(xué)生們應(yīng)該更自信一點(diǎn)。3.5.7 形容詞名詞He is eloquent and elegant, but a little

28、 soft .他有口才,有風(fēng)度,但性格有點(diǎn)軟弱。(形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞)3.5.8 形容詞副詞“Yes”, he said with a slow nod.他慢條斯理地點(diǎn)了一下頭說：“是的”。We must make a full use of our time and try to pass the exam.我們應(yīng)該充分利用好時間爭取通過考試。(形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞)3.5.9 副詞動詞Tom entered the room , opened the window tolet fresh air in.湯姆走進(jìn)房間,打開窗戶,讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來。I will be back in a week.我一

29、周后回來。Several days later , they found the design behind.幾天后,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個設(shè)計落后了。When he went back, the light was still on, as he had forgot to turn it off when he left .他回來時,電燈仍然開著,因?yàn)樗邥r忘關(guān)了。3.5.10 副詞名詞It is officially announced that china has successfully launched the manned spaceship.官方正式宣布,中國已經(jīng)成功地發(fā)射了載人飛船。H

30、e is physically weak but mentally sound.他身體雖弱,但思想健康。3.5.11 副詞形容詞What I saw has impressed me deeply.這里的所見所聞留給我深刻的印象。Though the village is not big, it is heavily populated.雖然這個村莊不大,但人口稠密。The Californian's Tale加州的故事When l was young, I went looking for gold in California. I never found enough to make me rich. But I did discover a beautiful part of the country. It was called “the Stanislau. ”The Stanislau was like Heaven on Earth. I