（整理版高中英語）高一英語Book2語法復(fù)習(xí)人教實驗

1、高一英語book 2 語法復(fù)習(xí)人教實驗版【本講教育信息】一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：book 2 語法復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容一、被動語態(tài)小結(jié)：一何時使用被動語態(tài) 1. 不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要 如：paper is made from wood. the house is quite old. it was built in 1950. he was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時 如：calculator can't be used in the maths exam. books and newspapers in the reading room mu

2、stn't be taken away. he was awarded first prize in that contest. 3. 為了使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，防止提及自己或?qū)Ψ蕉褂帽粍诱Z態(tài)，或由于修飾的需要，使用被動語態(tài)，以使句子得到更好的安排。 如：the construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. electricity is used to run machines. 二被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 1. be + done 可以是被動語態(tài)，也可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)形式。被動語態(tài)中，done可以帶by短語，

3、而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中done相當(dāng)于adj. 不帶 by短語。 如：the question is settled. (系表結(jié)構(gòu)) such questions are settled by us. (被動語態(tài)) the composition is well written. (系表結(jié)構(gòu)) the composition is written with great care . (被動語態(tài)) the job was well done. (系表結(jié)構(gòu)) the job was well done by a skilled worker. (被動語態(tài)) 2. 許多verbs(broken, interes

4、ted, shut, worried), 既可以用做adj.也可以在被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中做過去分詞。句中如果有by，通常是被動語態(tài)。 如：i was worried about you all night. (表狀態(tài)) i was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表動作) the glass was broken by jack. (表動作) the glass is broken. (表狀態(tài)) i was frightened by his ghost story. she was frightened at the sight of a snake. 三不同形

5、式的被動語態(tài) 1. 含有直賓和間賓的主動結(jié)構(gòu)，變?yōu)楸粍訒r，可將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動。一般是主語結(jié)構(gòu)的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍拥闹髡Z。 如：he showed me his pictures. i was shown his pictures by him. his pictures were shown to me by him. aunt made me a new dress. i was made a new dress by aunt. a new dress was made for me by aunt. he sent me a birthday present. i was

6、 sent a birthday present by him. a birthday present was sent to me by him. 2. 含有復(fù)合賓語的主動句，賓補(bǔ)不變。 1將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓補(bǔ)不變。 如：they call her xiaoli.she is called xiaoli. he left the door open.the door was left open by him. 2make, let, have, hear, watch, see, feel, notice. help等動詞后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式一般不加to，變?yōu)楸粍?，必須加to. 如：my bro

7、ther often made me do this and that when i was young. i was often made to do this and that by my brother when i young. i heard her move about in her room upstairs last night. she was heard to move about in her room upstairs last night. did you see jack take away the magazine? was jack seen to take a

8、way the magazine? 3. 情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是由情態(tài)v.+ be+ p.p.構(gòu)成 如：they can not find him. he can not be found. you must pay me for this. i must be paid for this. he can repair your watch. your watch can be repaired. 4. 短語的被動語態(tài) 一般來講，只有及物才有被動語態(tài)，因為只有vt.才能有動作的承受者; 但有許多由不及物動詞+介詞及其他詞類構(gòu)成的短語動詞，相當(dāng)于及物動詞，可以有賓語。因而可以有被動語態(tài)，但應(yīng)注意短

9、語是一個不可分割的整體。變被動時，不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語的prep.或adv.這樣的短語有：look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make use of, etc. 如：they had put out the fire before the fire-brigade arrived. the fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived. they will set up a new public school h

10、ere. a new public school will be set up here. 5. 有些動詞用主動形式表被動含義。 如：the goods sells well. the door can't open. 6. 有些詞如want, need, require和 be worth后面，v-ing形式為主動，意義為被動。 如：the room needs/wants/requires cleaning. the book is worth reading. 7. 主動語態(tài)中的賓語是從句，變成被動時使用形式替代詞it. 如：we know that britain is an

11、island country. its known that britain is an island country. the teacher said that this book has been translated into several languages its said that this book has been translated into several languages 8. 賓語為反身代詞，相互代詞及虛詞it時，不用被動，只用主動。 如：i will do it myself. the man introduced himself as mr. wang. 9

12、. 謂語以下是動詞時，無被動。 happen, belong to, suit, fit(適合), have, let, join, fall, last延長,cost花費(fèi) break out爆發(fā)appear, burst out(迸發(fā))，hold(容納)，lack缺乏，agree with同意. 10. 據(jù)說類動詞：say, consider, think, report, know, believe, suggest, understand, hope, etc. 如：it is said that there is said to be sth./ sb. is said to 11.

13、主動形式表被動 感官動詞：sound, taste, smell, feel, look, seem等主語是物時； 一些vi.主動形式表被動含義: open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, pay, draw, etc. 不定式to blame, to let出租作表語時，主動形式表被動含義 表需要的need ,want, require等后的動名詞用主動形式表被動含義 be worth后的動名詞主動形式表被動含義考一考1. mo

14、nths ago we sailed ten thousands across this open sea, which _ the pacific, and we met no storms.(05)a. was called b. is called c. had been called d. has been called 解析：答案是b。用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)表示客觀存在。2. in the last few years a few more bridges _ in our city.a. put upb. were put up c. have been put upd. have

15、 put up解析：答案是c ad兩項都是主動語態(tài)，不合要求，先排除。時間狀語in /during the last/past few/thirty years常用現(xiàn)在完成時。應(yīng)選c。二、定語從句一定語從句的概念 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。二定語從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that， which， who賓格whom，所有格whose等，關(guān)系副詞包括where， when， why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。三定語

16、從句的分類根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四關(guān)系代詞的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。that作主語the coat that i put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。that作賓語2.

17、 which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：the building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。作主語the film which we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。作賓語3. who， whom用于指人，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：the girl who often helps me with my english

18、is from england.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。作主語注意：1當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who， that， which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時，只能用“介詞+which/whom結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：this is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔?。兒借的這本英文小說。2含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：this is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。3that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只

19、能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如：the city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。4關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：he was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。b. 被修飾的先行詞為all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：is

20、 there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？c. 先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：this is the same bike that i lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：i can remember well the persons and some pictures that i saw in the

21、room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。e. 以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為防止重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰？f. 主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：there is a book on the desk that belongs to tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。5關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：a. 先行詞為that， those時，用which， 而不用that.例如：whats that which is

22、under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？b. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that.例如：this is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。c. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用which，而不用that.例如：tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了，這使我們很快樂。五關(guān)系副詞的用法1when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。例如this was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時間。2where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例如

23、：this is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。3why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。六定語從句小結(jié)1. 疑問句中考查定語從句 is this the farm _ you visited last week? a. whereb. the onec. on whichd. /解析：2. 倒裝句中考查定語從句 we came to a place, _ stood a big tower. a. which

24、b. thatc. /d. where 解析：正確答案是d。為了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒裝語序。倒裝的使用使定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)變得較為特殊，因此對于使用倒裝語序的定語從句，應(yīng)先把倒裝語序復(fù)原成正常語序，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)就比擬清晰了。3. 拆分詞組和固定搭配 1the second is connected with the use _ the body makes of food. a. of whichb. wherec. to dod. that 2why cant you realize the part _ they have played in our life? a. whichb. on

25、 whichc. whend. where 解析：正確答案分別是d和a。一些詞組和搭配被拆開后，句子的含義就變得難以理解。首先把拆開的詞組復(fù)原是理解此類定語從句的關(guān)鍵。上述句子中包含以下詞組：make use of, play a part (in)。 4. 添加插入語或狀語 the scientist has made another discovery, _ i believe is of great importance. a. thatb. /c. whichd. why 解析：應(yīng)選擇c。這類句子主要利用插入語或狀語的添加來增加試題的難度。常見的插入語有：i think (suppos

26、e, expect, believe, imagine), in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做這類題目時，最正確的方法是先刪去插入語或狀語，這樣句子的主干局部就一目了然了。 5. 插入非謂語動詞 is this the man _ you want to have _ the radio for me? a. who; repairedb. that; repaired c. whom; repairingd. that; repair 解析：d項正確。非謂語動詞是英語中難度較大的語法工程之一，因而在定語從句中參加非謂語動詞就成了學(xué)生最易失分的題目。

27、對付這類題目最有效的方法就是將句子復(fù)原。如：我們可以把幾個句子中的定語從句進(jìn)行復(fù)原，復(fù)原后的句子應(yīng)是：you want to have the man repair the radio for me. 【模擬試題】一、被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)化練習(xí)1. its politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 10 oclock at night. a. were not played b. not to play c. not be played d. did not play2. heating _ into the stude

28、nts dormitories now. a. is puttingb. is being putc. is been putd. has been putting 3. the worlds supplies of petroleum _. a. have been gradually being exhaustedb. have gradually exhausted c. are gradually exhaustedd. are being gradually exhausted4. the scientific study of the motion of heavenly bodi

29、es and the action of forces that change or cause motion _ astronomy.a. callb. is calledc. is callingd. called5. this kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _ comfortably.a. is wornb. wearsc. wearingd. are worn6. the exhibition of poor sportsmanship _a sense of disgust in all who witne

30、ssed it.a. roseb. arosec. arousedd. raised7. your hair wants _. youd better have it done tomorrow. a. cutb. to cutc. cuttingd. being cut8. they are all for your proposal that the seminar _. a. be put offb. was put offc. should put offd. is to put off9. no sooner _than the ship set sail. a. the goods

31、 was loadedb. had the goods been loaded c. loaded the goodsd. the goods was being loaded.10. while crossing the mountain areas, all the men had guns for protection lest they _by the local bandits. a. be attackedb. were attackedc. must be attackedd. would be attacked 二、定語從句專項練習(xí)1. the place _intereste

32、d me most was the children's palace.a. whichb. wherec. whatd. in which2. do you know the man _?a. whom i spokeb. to who spokec. i spoke tod. that i spoke3. this is the hotel _last month.a. which they stayedb. at that they stayedc. where they stayed atd. where they stayed4. do you know the year _

33、the chinese communist party was founded?a. whichb. thatc. whend. on which5. that is the day _i'll never forget.a. whichb. on whichc. in whichd. when6. the factory _we'll visit next week is not far from here.a. whereb. to whichc. whichd. in which7. great changes have taken place since then in

34、 the factory _we are working.a. whereb. thatc. whichd. there8. this is one of the best films _.a. that have been shown this yearb. that have shownc. that has been shown this yeard. that you talked9. can you lend me the book _the other day?a. about which you talkedb. which you talkedc. about that you

35、 talkedd. that you talked10. the pen _he is writing is mine.a. with whichb. in whichc. on whichd. by which11. they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.a. whomb. whoc. whichd. that12. the engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.a. to whomb. on whomc. with whichd. with whom13.

36、 it there anyone in your class _family is in the country?a. whob. whosc. whichd. whose14. im interested in _you have said.a. all thatb. all whatc. thatd. which15. i want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.a. whichb. whoc. whatd. as【試題答案】一、被動語態(tài)練習(xí)詳解1. c。 一些動詞要求與虛擬語氣的從句相配合。這些動詞主要有：ask, advi

37、se, demand, desire, determine, decide, insist，maintain, propose, order, recommend, require, request, suggest 等。它們后面的從句的動詞為should do, should可以省略。在被動語態(tài)中也是這樣使用。 2. b。 此題考查被動語態(tài)的進(jìn)行式:be+ being +pp.(過去分詞)。3. d。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示一種現(xiàn)在暫時性的動作 (即指現(xiàn)階段的供給情況，以后供給情況怎樣那么不得而知 )。一般現(xiàn)在時那么表示過去、現(xiàn)在、將來經(jīng)常性的短缺。另外“exhaust一詞是及物動詞。4. b。根據(jù)題干意義判斷。5. b。英語中有些動詞不使用被動結(jié)構(gòu)，本身就表示被動意義。這些動詞主要有：wear, feel, wash, s