高一英語必修4知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、高一英語必修4 各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納Unit1 Women of achievement重點(diǎn)短語鍵入文字by chance 碰巧，湊巧 come across 偶遇，碰見 carry on 繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持carry out 實(shí)行，執(zhí)行，完成 be dressed in 穿著 dress as 打扮成 fight for 為.而戰(zhàn) fight against 與戰(zhàn)斗 put to death判死刑 mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味著by now直到現(xiàn)在place an order排列順序devoteto (doing) sth.把奉獻(xiàn)給devote oneself to致力于

2、，獻(xiàn)身于 be devoted to專心致志于 get rid of =ridof 擺脫,丟掉move off 離開，啟程，出發(fā) lead alife過著的生活crowd in 涌上心頭，涌入腦海 look down on/ upon 蔑視，瞧不起 gain doctors degree 獲得博士學(xué)位 be considered as 被看做. concern oneself with關(guān)注注意 intend to do sth./ doing sth.打算做某事gain doctors degree 獲得博士學(xué)位 take turns to do sth 采取步驟做某事 do research

3、 on做方面的研究in the shade of 在的樹蔭下，在的庇護(hù)下 refer to 查閱，參考，談到 (其中，to為介詞) 1.condition n. 狀況（不可數(shù)），條件（可數(shù)），環(huán)境（復(fù)數(shù)）on no condition 決不2.inspire v.鼓舞，激發(fā)inspired adj.受到鼓舞的，有靈感的inspiring adj.鼓舞人的inspiration n.鼓舞，靈感3.intend v.計(jì)劃，打算intention n.打算，目的，意圖4. considerate adj.考慮周到的consider v.考慮，認(rèn)為consideration n考慮，體諒conside

4、ring prep考慮到5.deliver v.遞送，生（小孩），接生，發(fā)表（演講等）delivery n.投遞，交貨，分娩6.specialist n.專家，專業(yè)工作者special adj.特殊的，專門的specialize vi.專攻，專門從事重要句型1.worthwhile adj.值得的，值得做的 It is worthwhile doing sth./ to do sth.worth adj.值，值得be worth doing worthy adj.值得做的，可尊敬的 be worthy of sth/ being done be worthy to be done2. atta

5、ch sth to sth把某物固定/附在某物上attach oneself to參加;和在一起,纏著be attached to連在上; 附屬于.; 系在上attach importance/value to sth.認(rèn)為某事很重要/有價(jià)值3. alternative adj. 替換的，可供選擇的（二者中）選擇其一的alternative energy 替代能源 alternative ways 可供選擇的方法have no alternative but to do 除別無選擇as an alternative 作為一種變通的方法 alternative to 的替代物辨析：alterna

6、tive 強(qiáng)調(diào)必須從兩或多個(gè)中選一個(gè)choice 強(qiáng)調(diào)自由選擇，不論選擇的方式多或少 preference 強(qiáng)調(diào)按自己喜歡的方式進(jìn)行選擇4. run out用完；耗盡run after 追求；追趕run at 沖向；突襲run away逃走run into偶然遇見；撞上；陷入5.free of charge=for free 免費(fèi)the charge for sth. 某物的費(fèi)用charge sb + money 收取某人多少錢6. 表部分否定Allnot= Notall并非所有都Everynot=Not every 并非每一個(gè)都Bothnot=Notboth并非兩者都重點(diǎn)語法（主謂一致）1.

7、 “a +名詞+and a half “, “one and a half + 名詞”, “the number of + 名詞” 等作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 參觀了一兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)。2. (1) 通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 這些集體名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù).如: The British police

8、 have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3) 可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如:The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委員會(huì)決定解雇他。3. the +形容詞/過去分詞形式”表示一類人或事物, 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).如:The

9、 injured were saved after the fire.4. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她的母親頭幾個(gè)月來幫過她的忙；這才使她得以開始自己的計(jì)劃。（only位于句首并修飾狀語，句子要發(fā)生部分倒裝，將助動(dòng)詞或聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞置于主語之前）5. 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall（第一人稱），will（第二、三人稱）動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。美國英語則不管什么人稱，一律用will。形式：1. will / shall + 動(dòng)

10、詞原形（否定句在will/shall后加not）2、be going to+動(dòng)詞原形用法：（1）一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。（2）在一般將來時(shí)的句子中，有時(shí)有表示將來時(shí)間的狀語，有時(shí)沒有時(shí)間狀語，這時(shí)要從意思上判斷是否指未來的動(dòng)作或情況。例如：（3）在以第一人稱I或we作主語的問句中，一般使用助動(dòng)詞shall，這時(shí)或是征求對(duì)方的意見，或是詢問一個(gè)情況（4）be going to+ 動(dòng)詞原形Will do與be going to do 的區(qū)別:be going to與will兩者都可表示將要發(fā)生的事、將要去做某事，但它們有如下幾點(diǎn)區(qū)別：1. be going to 表示近期、將

11、要發(fā)生的事情，will 表示的將來的時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些，2. be going to 表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來勢(shì)必發(fā)生的事情。3. be going to 含有“計(jì)劃，準(zhǔn)備”的意思，而 will 則沒有這個(gè)意思，4.在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：If any beasts come at you, I'll stay with you and help you注意：be going to和will在含義和用法上稍有不同。be going to往往表示事先經(jīng)過考慮的打算；will多表示意愿，決心。兩者有時(shí)不能

12、互換。如：She is studying hard and is going to try for the exams.她正努力學(xué)習(xí)并嘗試參加考試。（is going to不能用will替換）主將從現(xiàn)：時(shí)間狀語從句的主句是一般將來時(shí)，那么從句常常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Units 2 Working the land重點(diǎn)短語 since then 從那時(shí)起thanks to 幸虧，由于be satisfied with 對(duì)感到滿意 with the hope of 滿懷希望.in some way 在某種程度上cause damage to對(duì) 造成危害build up 增強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)大 lead to 導(dǎo)致，

13、造成(to為介詞)focus on 集中（注意力）in no time立即；馬上 get around隨便走走；傳播；繞開be limited to有限 under construction在修建中 one-way trip單向旅行 rush hour高峰期 traffic jam 交通堵塞get stuck被困住switch off關(guān)掉 a list of一列；一份whats more加之,而且 have a good view of有一個(gè)好的視角no way肯定不, 沒門兒重點(diǎn)句型1.impress sth on sb 使某人銘記= impress sb with sthsth impre

14、ss sb某物給某人留下影響sb be impressed by impress sth on sb使某人銘記= impress sb with sthsth is impressed on ones mind某事被印在腦海里have/leave/make/ a impression on sb 給某人留下的印象2.react to對(duì)產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)react with sth.與某物起（化學(xué)）反應(yīng)3.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語時(shí)，為了保持句子平衡，可以用it作形式主語。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)：1. It is + no use / no good / useless etc.+ v-ing2. It is + ni

15、ce / good / interesting / a waste of etc. + v-ing 例如：It is no use crying over spilt milk.重點(diǎn)語法二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語 動(dòng)詞-ing形式既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語，又可作介詞的賓語。1. 以下動(dòng)詞或短語只接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語：admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, keep, mind, miss, suggest等動(dòng)詞; cant stand, give up, feel like, keep on, think of, set

16、 about, dream of 等短語。2. 在下列短語中，to是介詞，后面應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語：be / get used to, look forward to, devoteto, pay attention to, object to等。3. 下列動(dòng)詞或短語既可以跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，也可以跟不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別： like, love, prefer如表示經(jīng)常性的行為后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式；如表示具體的行為常用動(dòng)詞不定式，但要注意：如果like, love, prefer前有would，后面則接動(dòng)詞不定式。如：Would you like to go shoppin

17、g with me? 下列幾組詞接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語和不定式作賓語含義不同：Forget/remember /mean/regret cant help doing 禁不住做； cant help (to) do 不能幫忙做。 在allow, permit, advise , forbid等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，如果這些詞后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后要用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。allow sb to do如：We dont allow smoking in the classroom.We dont allow students to smoke. 動(dòng)詞need, requi

18、re, want作“需要”解時(shí)，其后用動(dòng)詞-ing的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞-ing的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如：Your coat wants washing. = Your coat wants to be washed.三、動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)即：物主代詞或名詞所有格(作賓語時(shí)也可以用代詞賓格或名詞普通格) + 動(dòng)詞-ing。如：Lucys turning up surprised everyone present.Would you mind my / me using your mobile phone?四、動(dòng)詞-ing的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及否定形式動(dòng)

19、詞-ing有一般式(doing) 和完成式 (having done) 兩種時(shí)態(tài)，一般式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是being done，完成式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是having been done。動(dòng)詞-ing的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前。動(dòng)詞-ing的否定形式是在doing之前加not。例如：Im sorry for not having told you the news earlier.Unit 3 A taste of English humour重點(diǎn)短語 break into 闖入，進(jìn)入 up to now 直到現(xiàn)在 brighten the lives of 照亮某人的生活道路 feel/

20、be content with 對(duì)滿足 badly off 窮的，缺少的in search of 尋找.pick out 挑選出，辨認(rèn)出on the edge of 在邊沿in silence沉默，不作聲make use of 使用star in 擔(dān)任主角，主演 by accident偶然地,無意地shake hands握手in the distance在遠(yuǎn)處body language肢體語言give away泄露；失去 show sb. the way給某人指路take a sip小喝一口重點(diǎn)句型1.vary in在方面不同vary fromto從到變化vary with隨著而變化,因而不同

21、2involve sb in允許某人參與involve oneself in積極參與be/get involved in被卷入到.之中3.more than surprised 十分/非常 吃驚more than與其說不如說(強(qiáng)調(diào)前者)4.on guard (保持)警惕;值班,站崗on holiday度假on leave休班on duty值班5.do sb a favour 幫某人一個(gè)忙ask sb a favour請(qǐng)某人幫個(gè)忙in favour of 贊成do sb a favor = do a favor for sb幫某人的忙重點(diǎn)語法（動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語、表語和補(bǔ)語）一、動(dòng)詞-in

22、g形式作表語1. 表示主語的內(nèi)容 ,可以轉(zhuǎn)換到句首作主語Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作是盡量使報(bào)告廳保持干凈。2. 表示主語具有的特征、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)(動(dòng)詞ing 相當(dāng)一個(gè)形容詞）The problem is quite puzzling. 這個(gè)問題很令困惑。3.常用來作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, bo

23、ring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。全析提示：動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語時(shí)，其邏輯主語往往是句子中的主語，但用作表語的-ing形式也可帶有自己的邏輯主語。What worries me most is her staying too late every night.(staying too late every night的邏輯主語是her)二、 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語1 單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作前置定語，一般具有兩種含義。 說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。a reading room =

24、a room which is used for reading 閱覽室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法 表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個(gè)定語從句，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。developing countries = countries that are developing發(fā)展中國家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起來很普通的房子a puzz

25、ling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困擾人的問題2 作定語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式如是一個(gè)短語，則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面,做后置定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他們住在一所朝南的房子里。Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket)你認(rèn)識(shí)在打籃球的那個(gè)男孩嗎？The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Jap

26、an ) is my uncle正在訪問日本的那個(gè)男人是我的叔叔。三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)1、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語常放在賓語后面，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程或一種狀態(tài)。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.2、當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí), 原來作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補(bǔ)足語。 They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting.3、能用-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的幾類動(dòng)

27、詞:1) 表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的感官動(dòng)詞，（常見的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等）+ sb + doing sth（作賓補(bǔ)）I felt somebody standing behind me.2) 表示指使意義的動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞，（常見的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等）+sb/ sth + doing sth (作賓補(bǔ)）We kept the fire burning all night long.我們讓火整夜燃燒著。I wont have you ru

28、nning about in the room. 我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。4、see, hear, feel, watch等動(dòng)詞之后用-ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別： We heard the telephone ring. We heard the telephone ringing.前者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，后者表示（或強(qiáng)調(diào)）動(dòng)作的全過程。Unit4 Body language重點(diǎn)短語defend against保衛(wèi)以免受in defence 防御，保障intruduce sb to sb 向某人介紹某人kiss sb on some part親吻某個(gè)部位together wi

29、th 與某人一起be likely to 很可能；有希望on the contrary 相反nod at sb 向某人點(diǎn)頭greet sb with/by 通過向某人問候express ones feelings表達(dá)感情in general 總的來說；通常at a job fair 在求職會(huì)上at ease 舒適；自由自在lose face丟臉turn ones back to 背對(duì)；背棄turn ones head away 把頭轉(zhuǎn)過去be willing to 渴望, 愿意look upset about sth 對(duì). 感到沮喪 experiment with sth用某物實(shí)驗(yàn)experi

30、ment on sth.對(duì)某物進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)have a narrow escape九死一生a fire escape緊急出口;安全門earn make get/gain ones living謀生be diagnosed with被診斷出, 患有become the voice of成為的代言人partly because of一部分因?yàn)橹攸c(diǎn)句型1.carry out/perform/conduct /do/make an experiment 做實(shí)驗(yàn)2.convert A into/to B把A轉(zhuǎn)換成B3.take the place of = replace取代,代替in place of取代

31、,代替(介詞短語)instead of代替,而不是(介詞短語)4.a quantity of + 不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)quantities of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)quantities of+不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)5.owing to /thanks to /due to /because of由于 6.he key to的關(guān)鍵the answer to the question問題的答案notes to the text課文注釋an end to the meeting會(huì)議的結(jié)束the entrance to the building大廈的入口Unit 5 Theme p

32、arks重點(diǎn)短語 no wonder（that）難怪；不足為奇be modeled after 根據(jù)模仿；仿造in advance提前get close to接近c(diǎn)ome to life 活躍起來be familiar with 熟悉，熟知at the edge of在.邊緣 at least至少 be heavy with充滿；有大量的go through通過；完成know about了解 go on a trip去訪問on a spot在現(xiàn)場(chǎng),當(dāng)場(chǎng)in the distance在遠(yuǎn)處,在遠(yuǎn)方from a distance從遠(yuǎn)處at a distance of在一定距離處keep sb at

33、 a distance對(duì)某人冷淡fantasy- n. 幻想；怪念頭fantastic adj. 奇異的；稀奇古怪的fantast n. 幻想家preserve-vt 保存，保留 n保護(hù)區(qū) presevation-n保護(hù)，保留athletic-adj. 運(yùn)動(dòng)的athlete- n. 運(yùn)動(dòng)員；運(yùn)動(dòng)選手 athletics- n.體育(運(yùn)動(dòng));minority;-n. 少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族minor adj. 較小的；次要的majority n. 多數(shù)；advance; vt.&vi. 前進(jìn)；促進(jìn)；提前advanced-adj. 高級(jí)的；年老的；先進(jìn)的重點(diǎn)句型A lake is an area

34、of water surrounded by land.湖泊就是由陸地所圍成的一片水域。本句使用了過去分詞短語作后置定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句which is surrounded by land，其具體用法如下：過去分詞作定語常常位于其所修飾的名詞前；過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)，常常位于其所修飾的名詞后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。On a distant mountain was a sign in 20­foot characters.遠(yuǎn)山上寫著20英尺大的漢字。本句中由于地點(diǎn)狀語放在了句首，且主語是名詞a sign，所以使用了完全倒裝。Unit 6 Unexplained Mysteries o

35、f the Natural World重點(diǎn)短語close to(在時(shí)間或空間上)接近 be likely to很可能 be similar to與相似quite something不尋常的；令人驚訝的 jump out of從.跳出a group of一群 walk along沿著.走calm down (使)安靜下來be related to與有關(guān),與有聯(lián)系relate sth to sth把與聯(lián)系起來make a fortune發(fā)財(cái)try ones fortune碰碰運(yùn)氣die out滅絕;滅亡;come to light暴露,被發(fā)現(xiàn),表現(xiàn)出來bring to light讓人知道,公布于世adapt oneself to使自己適應(yīng)于句型1.attack sb with sth用某物攻擊某人be attacked with a disease患/害病make an attack on/upon對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)攻擊a heart attack心臟病突發(fā)2.There happens to be碰巧有There appears to be似乎有There seems to be好像有come straight to