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1、精品文檔初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主謂一致一、主謂一致:主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 主謂一致必須遵循三原則:語(yǔ) 法一致原則,意義一致原則,就近一致原則。 1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則:指主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂 語(yǔ)也用 復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如: Tom is a good student.湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。They often play football on the playground.他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。2. 意義一致原則:指主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) 形式;或主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義,這是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如: My famil
2、y are having lunch now.我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.這本書(shū) 20 美元太貴了。3. 就近一致原則:指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式,取決于最靠近他的 主語(yǔ)。例如: Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不僅老師喜歡踢足球,而且 他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk. 課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書(shū)。二、主謂一致??碱}型:1. 單數(shù)名詞
3、(代詞) ,不可數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式,復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞) 做主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2. many a+ 單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ),意義雖為“許多”,但謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。例如: Many a student has been to Shanghai.許多學(xué)生到過(guò)上海。3. more than one+ 單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。例如: More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過(guò)北京。4. 表示時(shí)間,價(jià)格,重量,數(shù)目,長(zhǎng)度,數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),這 些通常作一個(gè)整體概念,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。例如: Two months
4、 is a long holiday. 兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。Twenty pounds isn ' t so heavy. 2 0 英鎊并不太重。Ten miles isn 't a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。Five minus four is one. 5減 4 等于 1 。5. 主語(yǔ)是 each/every+ 單數(shù)名詞 +and(each/every)+ 單數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單 數(shù)。例如: Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。Every man and every wo
5、man is at work.每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。6. one and a half+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如: One and a half hours is enough.一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。7. 動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如: To see is to believe眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。8. a/an+ 單數(shù)名詞 +or two 做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如: A student or two has failed the exam.一兩個(gè)
6、學(xué)生考試不及格。9. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有 with ,together with , along with ,as well as,besides , except ,but ,like 等介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如: Mike with his father has been to England.邁克同他的父親去過(guò)英格蘭。邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football 踢足球。10. 由 and 連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí), 一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但 and 所連接的 并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人、事物或概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用
7、單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下: a/the+ 單數(shù)名詞 +and+ 單數(shù)名詞, 指的是同一個(gè)人或物; a/the+ 單數(shù)名詞 +and+a/the+ 單數(shù)名詞,指兩個(gè)人或物。例如: The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教師來(lái)了。 ( 作家和教師指同一個(gè)人 ) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老師來(lái)了。 ( 作 家和老師是兩個(gè)人 )11. people, police 等集體名詞做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, family, class, group, team 等集體名詞做主語(yǔ),若指一個(gè)整體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
8、形式,若指 一個(gè)具體成員時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如: People here are very friendly.這兒的人很友好。His family isn 't large. 他家的人不多。My family all like watching TV.我們一家人都喜歡看電視。12. 不定代詞 somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),例如: Is everyone here today.今天大
9、家到齊了嗎?Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。Nobody was in. 沒(méi)有人在家。13. each, either, neither, another, the other做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。兩個(gè)答案都不正確例如: Each of them has an English dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英語(yǔ)詞典。Neither answer is correct.14. 以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式,如news,maths, physics 等, 例如: No news is good news. 沒(méi)有消息就是好消息
10、。 No Maths is very popular in our class在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。15. 由 bothand 連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式; 由 or, either or , neither nor,not only but also ,not but , 連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。例如: Both his father and his mother are both teachers.他的爸爸和媽媽都是老師。Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是湯姆就是杰克錯(cuò)了。Either this one or that on
11、e is ok.這一個(gè)或那一個(gè)都行。16. a number of+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);the number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如: A number of famous people were invited to party.許多名人都被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)。The number of the students is over eight hundred.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)超過(guò)800 人。17. 當(dāng) kind of, pair of, glass of等表示確定數(shù)量的名詞短語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)與 kind, pair, glass等一致。例如: This p
12、air o f shoes is Tom 's. 這雙鞋是湯姆的。There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有兩杯水。18. the+ 形容詞表示一類人時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示抽象概念時(shí),用單數(shù) 形式。例如: The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.窮人很快樂(lè),富人卻過(guò)得不快樂(lè)。 The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。19. 以 here ,there 開(kāi)關(guān)的句子,若主語(yǔ)在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與 臨近的主語(yǔ)一致。例如: There is a
13、 book and three pens on the desk.桌子上有一本書(shū),三只鋼筆。Here are some books and paper for you.這是給你的書(shū)和紙。三、初中英語(yǔ)“主謂一致”難點(diǎn)誤區(qū):誤區(qū)一 誤認(rèn)主語(yǔ)ee. ()1. 倒裝句 Between the two buildings are a big tree. (×) Between the two buildings is a big tr【解析】 第句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用 are ,錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為 the two buildings 是該句的 主語(yǔ),但實(shí)際上是介詞 between 的賓語(yǔ),一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ),而
14、介詞短語(yǔ)不能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。 該句是一個(gè)倒裝句,真正主語(yǔ)是 a big tree 。因此第句正確。特別提醒: 倒裝句的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu):副詞 / 介詞短語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)2. 主語(yǔ)之后帶有介詞短語(yǔ) The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. ( ×) The fruit like ap ples, oranges is good for our health.()【解析】 第句誤認(rèn)為 apples , oranges 是主語(yǔ),因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 are ,而 實(shí)際上 the fruit 才是該句的主語(yǔ), like apples , or
15、anges 是介詞短語(yǔ)作后 置定語(yǔ)修飾 the fruit 。該句譯為“像蘋(píng) 果、桔子之類的水果對(duì)我們的身體是 有好處的”。因此第句是正確的。特別提醒: 類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有:主語(yǔ) +with / like / except / but / together with/ as well as . . ., 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)一致,而與介詞短語(yǔ)之后的名詞無(wú)關(guān)。3. one of . . . +名詞復(fù)數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)代詞There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada.(×)There are twenty boys i
16、n our class. One of the boys is from Canada. ()【解析】 one of the boys的中心詞是 one ,因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),造成第句錯(cuò)誤的原因主要是把 the boys 當(dāng)成了該句的主語(yǔ)。4. 定語(yǔ)從句 I like the photos which was taken in Beijing.(×)I like the photos which were taken in Beijing.()【解析】 which were taken in Beijing 是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,用于修飾先行詞 the photos ,而 which 本身
17、就代替先行詞 the photos 。因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù),造 成第句錯(cuò)誤的原因是沒(méi)有弄清楚關(guān)系詞 which 的實(shí)質(zhì),只是從形式上看它是 單數(shù)。特別提醒: 定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。誤區(qū)二 被主語(yǔ)的表象迷惑×)1. 看似復(fù)數(shù)卻表單數(shù)概念 Maths are my favorite subject.)Math is my favorite subject.【解析】 maths 本身是一個(gè)以“ s”結(jié)尾的單詞, 而不是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 表示單 數(shù)概念“數(shù)學(xué)”這一學(xué)科,因此第句正確。類似的有: physics , news , politics . . .2. 看似單數(shù)卻表
18、復(fù)數(shù)概念The police is searching for the robbers.(×)The police are searching for the robbers.()【解析】 the police 譯為“警方”, 表示復(fù)數(shù)概念, 而不是表示“那個(gè)警察”, 因此第句 正確,類似的詞有: people , the + 形容詞, the + 姓 + family 等 均表復(fù)數(shù)概念。3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)同形 There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (×)There is a l
19、ittle sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? ()【解析】 sheep 是一個(gè)單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞, 由于 sheep 之前用的 a little 修飾,加 上 Can you see it 中的 it 指代單數(shù),因此 a little sheep 譯為 “一只小綿羊”,因此第句正確。 如果將原題改為: There ( be)a few sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them?那又會(huì)怎么樣呢。特別提醒:類似的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的詞還有 fish, Chinese, Japanes
20、e 等,要 根據(jù)句子的含義和結(jié)構(gòu)暗示來(lái)判斷其單復(fù)數(shù)4. 集合名詞watching TV. ()Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV.Their family is very happy. Now their family are【解析】 family 是一個(gè)集合名詞, 表示整體概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù), 表示個(gè)體概念 時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 該句譯為“他們?nèi)液苄腋#?現(xiàn)在全家人正在看電視”。 因此第 一個(gè) family 表示整體概念, 譯為“家庭”, 第二個(gè) family 表示個(gè)體概念, 譯 為“家人”,第句正確。特別提醒:類
21、似的還有 group, class, team等既可表單數(shù)也可表復(fù)數(shù)誤區(qū)三 誤用語(yǔ)言規(guī)則1. 表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、重量、數(shù)量等名詞做主語(yǔ)ime. (×)Ten years are quite a long tTen years is quite a long time.()【解析】表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、重量、數(shù)量等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)看作一個(gè)整 體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù),容易錯(cuò)誤理解為復(fù)數(shù)而出現(xiàn)第句的錯(cuò)誤。2. 由 and 連接的并列主語(yǔ)The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. (×) Th
22、e twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. ()【解析】 the twentieth lesson and last lesson是表示同一概念,譯為“第20 課即最后一課”,因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。 同學(xué)們?nèi)菀族e(cuò)誤理解“第 20 課 和最后一課”,如果表示兩課, 應(yīng)該表達(dá)為“ the twentieth lesson and thelast lesson ”。特別提醒:由 and 連接的并列主語(yǔ)表示同一概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),表示不 同的概念 時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。3. 就近原則 Neither you nor he
23、 have been to Beijing. (×) Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. ()【解析】 neither . . . nor連接的并列主語(yǔ)( you , he )雖然表示兩個(gè)人,但根據(jù)語(yǔ)言規(guī)則,當(dāng)它連接并列主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)就近原則, 該由 he 決 定,因此第句正確。特別提醒:類似的還有 either . . . or, not only . . . but also, not . . .等短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)s trousers are very old.s trousers are very old.but, 以及 the
24、re be 之后的 并列主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的確定都根據(jù)“就近原則”。4. this kind of, a piece of, this pair ofThis pair of trousers are very new, but Tom (×) This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom)解析】 trousers 做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),但當(dāng)它被 this pair of 修飾 時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由 pair 的單復(fù)數(shù)確定。因此第句正確特別提醒: this kind of, a piece of, a bag of, a box of等,這類短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)
25、時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單 復(fù)數(shù)由這些短語(yǔ)中的名詞決定,而與它們所修飾的名詞無(wú) 關(guān)。5. the rest of ,half of 等短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it are very difficult. (×) Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult.()【解析】 根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷 the rest of it 中的 it ,指 the wo
26、rk , 而 work 是不可數(shù)名詞,因此第句正確。特別提醒 all of, most of, half of, the rest of ,以及 a lot of, some, any+ 名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),要根據(jù)后面的名詞確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。6. 一句話提示:合成不定代詞(如 something ,anybody 等)做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);動(dòng)名詞、不定式、從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù); a number of + 名詞(復(fù))做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù), the number of + 名詞(復(fù)) 做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù); none of . . .作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù)。主謂一致精練(一)
27、 :1. Either Jane or Steven watching TV now.A. wereB. is C. was D. are2. Two days enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.A. isn 'tB. isC. aren 'tD. are3. How many lessons do you usually have a day? Six lessons a day. And each of them _ 45 minutes.A. lastB. lastsC. have D. are4.
28、Neither Liping nor I a basketball player.A. amB. isC. beD. are5. There many new words in Lesson One, It is very easy.A. isB. aren 'tC. isn 'tD. are6. The number of the students in our school 1200.A. isB. areC. hasD. have7. Maths my favorite subject.A. beB. is C. am D. are8. The boy with the
29、two dogs when the earthquake rocked thecity.A. were sleepingB. is sleepingC. wassleeping D. are asleep9. Every one except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began.A. areB. isC. wereD. was10. That place is not interesting at all, _ of us wants to go there.A. NeitherB. BothC. All D. Some11. Nobody
30、but Jane the secret.A. knowB. knowsC. have knownD. is12. What's on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it?There someeggs and cakes on it.A. isB. areC. wasD. were13. This pair of glasses mine.A. are B. beC. is D. will be14. Both Lily and Lucy to the party yesterday.A. invitedB. was invitedC. had in
31、vitedD. wereinverted15. Two months quite a long time.iss lots of his lessons.Yes, I 'm afraid that he will mA. isB. areC. wasD. were16. In the city the old A. take good care ofC. is taken good care ofB. are taken good care ofD. are been taken good care of17. His family all very kind and friendly, His family a happyone.A. are, isB. is, isC. are, areD. is, are18. The singer and the dancer come to Beijing.A. hasB. haveC. AreD. is19. The children in this class each a new school bag.A. haveB. hasC. has gotD. are having20. All but one here just now.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. were參考
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