西醫(yī)綜合-內(nèi)科學(xué)-10

1、西醫(yī)綜合-內(nèi)科學(xué)-10(總分：100.00，做題時間：90分鐘)一、Section I Use of English(總題數(shù)：1，分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00)Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, (1) into a hobby and latelyhas (2) into a full-time passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph.D candidates (3) Electrical Engineeri

2、ng at Stanford University, started their guide in April 1994 as a way to keep (4) of their personal interest on the Internet. Before long they (5) that theirhomebrewed lists were becoming too long and (6) . Gradually they began to spend more and more time on Yahoo.During 1994, they (7) yahoo into a

3、customized database designed to (8) the needs of the thousands of users (9) began to use the service through the closely (10) Internet community. They developed customized software to help them (11) locate, identify and edit material (12) on the Internet.The nameYahoo is (13) to stand for "Yet

4、Another Hierarchical Officious Orale", but Filo and Yang insist they selected the (14) because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo itself first (15) on Yang's workstation, "akebono", while the search engine was (16) on Filo's computer, "Konishiki".In early 1995

5、Marc Andersen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files (17) to larger computers (18) at Netscape. As a resultStanford's computer network returned to (19) , and both parties benefited. Today, Yahoo (20)organized information on t

6、ens of thousands of computers linked to the web.(分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00)(1) .A. became B. grew C. turn D. intend(分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50 )A.B. VC.D.解析：grow into something 發(fā)展成；becamesomething 成為；turn into something 轉(zhuǎn)變成(此處時態(tài)不對)；intend something想要，意指。(2) .A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned(分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50 )A.B.C.D. V解析：turn into something

7、變成；make something into something 把變成；see into something調(diào)查，領(lǐng)會，了解；look into something 朝里面看，調(diào)查，瀏覽。A. in B. on C. about D. for(分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析：in(the department of)Electrical Engineering電氣工程系的，是固定搭配。(4) .A. touch B. contact C. track D. record(分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50 )A.B.C. VD.解析：keep track of 記錄； keep in touch/c

8、ontact with保持聯(lián)系； keep a record of 記錄。(5) .A. founded B. found C. argued D. reported (分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A.B. VC.D.解析：此處 found 足 rind 的過去式，意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”， found 本身還有建立、 創(chuàng)立的意思， 其過去式是 founded ， argue 爭論， report 報道。(6) .A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D. invaluable(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析：unwieldy(因體積龐大或笨重的)不靈便的，難操作的；tou

9、gh粗糙的；tamable可馴服的；invaluable 無價的。(7) .A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50)A.B.C.D. V解析：convert A into B 把A轉(zhuǎn)變成B; exchange A for B 把A換成B; shank(花等)從病梗上枯萎脫落; sell something for some money 把賣錢。分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )(8) .A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluateA.B. VC.D.解析： serve the needs 滿足需要； e

10、xplain(9).A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerlyA.解釋； discover 發(fā)現(xiàn)； evaluate 評價。(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )B.C.D.解析：which(10).A. relative B. interactive C. bound D. contacted A.定語從句中先行詞是人時，引導(dǎo)詞只能用 。actually 實際上，eagerly 熱心地。that或who/whon,先行詞為事物時，引導(dǎo)詞可用that或分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )B.C. VD.解析： closely bound Internet community 聯(lián)系緊密、關(guān)系

11、密切的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)社區(qū)；的，一般前面不加其他修飾詞；interactive交互式的；contact與接觸、不作定語。(11).A. fluently B. efficiently C. exactly D. actuallyA.B. VC.relative 有關(guān)系的、相關(guān)建立聯(lián)系， contacted 一般分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )D.解析： efficiently 高效率地； fluently 流暢地； exactly 正確地； actually (12).A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D. stored(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )實際上。A.B.C.D. V解析：

12、store 儲存； transmit 傳輸； purchase 購買； sell 賣。(13) .A. about B. bound C. going D. supposed (分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A.B.C.D. V解析：be supposed to do認(rèn)為應(yīng)該； be about/going to do 即將； be bound to do 必定做(14) .A. fable B. model C. name D. brand(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A.B.C. VD.解析：與前文呼應(yīng)，選 names fable 神話；model模型；brand商標(biāo)，牌子。(15) .A. support

13、ed B. resided C. lived D. launched(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A.B. VC.D.為生；搬進(jìn)，后面解析： reside vi 居住，位于； support vt 支持； live vi 生活； live on something 以 launch vi 投入，開始。根據(jù)下文選B。(16) .A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A.B. VC.D.解析： lodge vi 臨時住宿，寄宿； connect v 連接； introduce vt 介紹； link v 連接。(17) .A. o

14、ver B. away C. inside D. beneath(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析： move over to 搬至U，此處 over 表示經(jīng)過一段距離； move away搬離； move inside不用再加介詞 to ； move beneath 搬到下面。(18) .A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. hidden (分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析：house vt .給房子住，把放在房子里；catch抓；hose用水管淋澆；hide藏。(19) .A. average B. normal C. ordinary D

15、. equal(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A.B. VC.C. 解析： return to normal 恢復(fù)正常，固定搭配； normal 正常的； average 平均的； ordinary 平常的； equal 平等的。（20）.A. attains B. detains C. maintains D. contains （分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A. VB.C.D.解析： attain 獲得； maintain 維持，保存； detain 留住，阻止； contain 包含。 Yahoo 從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的上萬 臺計算機中獲取信息，而不是他的信息保存在如此多的計算機上，因為他很大一個業(yè)務(wù)是搜索引擎。從

16、題 意看，選 A。二、Section n Reading Comprehension（總題數(shù)：0，分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）三、Part A （ 總題數(shù)： 0，分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）四、Text 1 （ 總題數(shù)： 1，分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00）The modern university is the ideal environment for the creation and transfer of knowledge that drives national competitiveness in an increasingly global era. Its most effective form is the

17、American adaptation of the European model, in which teaching, leaning and research are integrated into a single institution. Indeed, the American university has proved capable of almost anything, from developing advanced economic theories to creating new life forms.Many national leaders understand t

18、hat the university is the critical catalyst for America's adaptability, economic robustness and emergence as a great power. And they are moving aggressively to catch up. The universities created by emerging economies beginning in the 1990s and through 2020 will likely play a decisive role in res

19、haping the global balance of economic power.That is bad news for the United States. The past two decades of American university development have been characterized largely by self-satisfaction arising from steady progress by the top 20 or so research universities. And America as a nation has 1Seen c

20、oasting. Since 2000, the United States has lost itsedge in the graduation of engineers and technologists. Thecountry no longerdominates scientific discovery, innovationor exploration. Most important, the United States hasnot launched any effort to build new institutions to accommodate its increasing

21、ly diverse population of more than 300 million.The result is that America's university system, despite its historical pre-eminence, has ceasedto grow. Furthermore, America's university system has failed to adapt to the dramatic demographic shifts occurring as a result of social mobility and

22、immigration.America needs to realize that its universities face real competition from the rest of the worldto attract the best and the brightest, to secure resources and to provide environments that educate and inspire. This is not to say that the best American universities are no longer the leaders

23、 in discovery and innovation. It is to say that the success of the higher-education system must be measured by more than just innovations. Its long-term performance depends on its ability to provide learning to a broad cross sections of citizens, to advance national proficiency in math and science a

24、nd to create an adaptable work force, as well as to develop a national appreciation for discovery, entrepreneurship and the creative process.In China and elsewhere, these are the goals of the new universities being built. In the United States, we need to move from a national self-confidence based on

25、 past success to one built on the knowledge that we are advancing a system of higher education that will meet our future needs. This will require that policymakers, business leaders and universities rededicate themselves to creating comprehensive learning and discovery environments; design entirely

26、new models and methods for teaching, and then take action to implement them.(1) .According to the author, US modern universities A is a perfect system which can deal with everything.B is a system which is developing rapidly.C is a trinity of teaching, learning and research.D is a place for innovatio

27、n and creation. (分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 )A.B.C. VD.解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文中指出“ Its most effective form is the American adaptatio n of the European model, in which teaching, leaning and research are integrated into a singleinstitution. ”。選項 A在文中并未涉及，并且同后文中所提出的問題相矛盾。B同后文中指出的發(fā)展停滯相悖。D過于片面，僅僅強調(diào)了創(chuàng)新的內(nèi)容，而忽略了將成果進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化和教育的內(nèi)容。因此C最符合要求。

28、(2) .New universities have been established among many other countries in order to A bring bad news to the US.B make use of the power for development.C be measured by innovation.D force the US to build up more universities.(分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 )A.B. VC.D.解析：本題為推理判斷題。文中指出“ Many national leaders understandthat t

29、he university is thecritical catalyst for America's adaptability, economic robustness and emergence as a great power. And they are moving aggressively to catch up.”由此可見，其他國家大力發(fā)展大學(xué)的主要動力是為了獲取同美國一樣的發(fā)展能力，因此應(yīng)當(dāng)選 B。(3) .What is the problem that US universities have faced since 2000?A Loss of the predom

30、inant position in artistic innovations.B Lack of the reestablishment of famed universities.C Failure to attract the best brains throughout the world.D Need of a comprehensive learning and studying environment.(分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 )A.B.C.D. V解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文中提到“ the country no longer dominates scientific discovery

31、,innovation or exploration"，因此選項A不恰當(dāng)誤。根據(jù)“ the United States has not launched anyeffort to build new institutions to accommodate its increasingly diverse population of more than 300 milli on. ”可以判斷 B 不恰當(dāng)誤。文中提到“ America needs to realize that its universities face real competition from the rest of

32、 the world to attract the best and the brightest”，但是并沒有提到美國在吸引人才方面遭遇失敗，因此 C 不正確。根據(jù)“ This will require that policymakers, business leaders and universities rededicate themselves to creating comprehensive learning and discovery environments ”可以確定 D 正確。(4) .Which of the following is the goal of China t

33、o build up new universities?A Providing wider opportunities of education for oversea students.B Elevating the science and technology level of the whole country.C Focusing on the position of science and technology innovation leader.D Creating a culture of appreciation of science and technology.A.B. V

34、C.D.解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章中提到“ Its long -term performance depends on its ability to provide learning to a broad cross sections of citizens, to advance national proficiency in math and science and to create an adaptable work force, as well as to develop a national appreciation for discovery, entrepreneursh i

35、p and the creative process ”，這樣可以排除與原文意思不符的A、 D 兩項，而當(dāng)前占據(jù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位的依然是美國，C在文中并未提及，應(yīng)予以排除，故本題選擇B項。（5）.It can be inferred from the text that the most possible direction of university reform in the US is A offering more attractive scholarships.B developing advanced economic theories.C finding a better system

36、for learning and researching.D spending more money for hardware improvement. （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A.B.C. VD. 解析：本題為推理判斷題。文章最后一段中指出了美國大學(xué)的發(fā)展方向是發(fā)展更加有利于國家進(jìn)步的教學(xué)科研環(huán)境。選項A的內(nèi)容僅僅對于吸引人才有一定作用。B的內(nèi)容過于片面。D并不符合總體改革原則，因此 C 最符合題意。五、Text 2 （ 總題數(shù)： 1，分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00）One reason many politicians behave badly these days is that we spend l

37、ess time thinking about what it means to behave well. This was less of a problem in past centuries when leaders, teachers and clergy held detailed debates over what it meant to have good character.In the 18th century, for example, Edmund Burke composed a long, famous passage defining the standards o

38、f political excellence. In the 19th century, Anthony Trollope wrote a series of popular novels fussing over what it means to behave well in political life. Trollope's view was different than ours. ManyAmericans today assume that people are born with a good Inner Self but get corrupted by politic

39、s. American voters are always looking for the Innocent Outsider who can come in and bring sweeping change.Trollope admired Prudent Insiders, not Innocent Outsiders. His most admirable characters have been educated by long experience. They have grown mature by exercising responsibility. They have bee

40、n ennobled by custom and civilization. In his books, powerless outsiders often behave self-indulgently and irresponsibly. Those who are in government have to grapple with the world as it really is.Trollope's ideal politicianswho have names like Plantagenet Palliser, Joshua Monk and the Dukeof St

41、. Bungay put service before independence. Their party and their country have asked them to accept certain duties and face certain problems, and they just get on with it. They are more weighty, but also more boring.Trollope's ideal politicians share certain traits. They are reserved, prudent and

42、scrupulous. They immerse themselves in dull practical questions like, say, converting the currency system.They are not sweeping thinkers, but they make sensitive discriminations about the people and the circumstances around them. They learn to operate within the constraints imposed by their idiom, a

43、nd they don't whine or complain about those constraints. They develop delicate understandings of what is required in a given place in time.Trollope's ideal leaders are not glamorous celebrities of the sort we have come to long for since J. F. Kennedy. They are more like seamen or carpenters.

44、 They are judged by their professionalcraftsmanship. They are thin-skinned about any moral transgression they might commit and rigorously honest when judging themselves. They try to make things better but are acutely aware that everything they do might make things worse. Trollope's leaders don&#

45、39;t embrace change quickly but have to be dragged into embracing it after much interrogation, and the change they prefer is incremental.Trollope praises one of his prime ministers, Plantagenet Palliser, for "that exquisite combination of conservatism and progress which is his country's pre

46、sent strength and her best security for the future. " Trollope's readers would have come away from his books with a certain model for how practical people should behave, which they could either copy or argue with. I'm not sure his exemplars could thrive amid the TV politics of today, wh

47、ich calls for grand promises and bold colors. But there are prudent, reserved people in government even now.（分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00 ）（1）.By mentioning Burke and Trollope, the author means to emphasize the idea thatA the modern silence on what good behavior is leads to its decline.B moral standards in the 19th ce

48、ntury were different from modern standards.C American voters are less confident of their choice of political leaders.D lack of responsibility is what is wrong with modern politicians. （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. VB.C.B. 解析：第一段提到，許多政治家行為不端，其中一個原因是人們很少去想什么是好行為。但是，在以前， 你們經(jīng)常圍繞什么是好行為和好人格進(jìn)行深入爭論， 因此在那個時代， 很少有政治家存在行為不端的問

49、題。 第二段提到 Edmund Burke 和 Anthony Trollope 的例子，用來說明第一段提出的觀點。這兩個人的共同之 處是深入探討了什么是良好的政治行為。（2）.A Prudent Insider is oneA who can come up with ideas in reforming the outside world.B who shows little concern about the outside world as it really is.C whose well-trained mind enables him to make sound judgment

50、.D whose education helps him to free himself from customs and traditions. （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A.B.C. VD.解析： Tollope 區(qū)分了兩種人：一種是天真的外人，另一種是審慎的內(nèi)部人士。第三、四段對后者的特點 進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)說明，即他們有豐富經(jīng)驗，有責(zé)任心，習(xí)俗和文明使他們變得高貴。他們保守、審慎、嚴(yán)肅認(rèn) 真，愿意處理無聊的現(xiàn)實問題，他們對周同的人及其環(huán)境有敏銳的判斷力，他們懂得在習(xí)慣設(shè)定的限制范 圍內(nèi)工作，并對此不加抱怨。他們能及時對某個場合所需要的東西形成微妙的認(rèn)識等。第五、六段也對 Prudent Insid

51、er 的政治品質(zhì)做出了說明。從這些品質(zhì)來看，他們受過良好的訓(xùn)練，有責(zé)任心和判斷力， 能夠任勞任怨地工作。（3）.Trollope's ideal politicians have all the following traits exceptA an admirable sense of responsibility.B a commitment to routine government work.C a sensitive discrimination against impatient people.D a lesser sense of independence. （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2

52、.00 ）A.B.D.解析：第五段中 they make sensitive discriminations about the people and the circumstances around them是說他們（指Prudent Insiders，也就是Trollope 理想中的政治家）對自己周邊的人和環(huán)境有敏感的判斷力。這里，discrimination 意為the ability to make sound judgment（擁有良好的判斷能力），這時其后接 about 或 between 等；如果 discrimination 后接 against 貝U表示"對歧視”。

53、（4）.Unlike such leaders as Kennedy, Trollope's political leadersA are born of humble or modest origins.B have the intention of making themselves famous.C often make things worse when they engage in reforms.D do not embrace radical political changes.（分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A.B.C.D. V解析：第二段提到，Prudent Insiders不

54、同于肯尼迪這樣明星式的政治家。他們按自己的職業(yè)才能判斷自己的能力，他們對違背道德的行為很敏感，實事求是地對待自己的過錯。他們不會迅速接受變革，但是經(jīng) 過質(zhì)詢之后也會被拖人對改革的支持中，他們更喜歡漸進(jìn)的變革。（5）.Towards today's conservative leaders, the author's attitude isA critical. B admirable. C suspicious. D tolerant.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00 ）A.B. VC.D.解析：實際上，Trollope 所認(rèn)同的政治領(lǐng)袖是政治上保守的人，他們身上體現(xiàn)了保守主義和社會進(jìn)步的結(jié)

55、合。作者說，Trollope的政治家在今天電視主導(dǎo)的政治氛圍內(nèi)是否能取得成功，這是值得懷疑的，因為今 天的政治家要善于做出大的許諾、善于張揚，但是，即使在今天，在政府中也有Trollope所贊賞的那種政治家存在。從最后一段和第一、二段可以看出，本文作者對Trollope所贊賞的政治家是認(rèn)可的，認(rèn)為他們是好政治家。六、Text 3 （總題數(shù)：1,分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）The first big-name hackers include Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds, all now highly recognizable names beh

56、ind many of the computer technologies used today. These early hackers had a love of technology and a compelling need to know how it all worked, and their goal was to push programs beyond what they were designed to do. Back then, the word "hacker" didn' t have thenegative connotation it

57、 has today. The original hacker ethic, rooted out of simple curiosityanda need to be challenged, appears to be dead.The objectives of early hackers are a far cry from the goals of today's hacker. The motivation of the new breed of hackers appears not to be curiosity, or a hunger for knowledge, a

58、s it used to be. Instead, most of today's hackers are driven by greed, power, revenge, or someother malicious intent, treating hacking as a game or sport, employing the tools that are readily available via the Internet.The rate of security attacks is actually outpacing the growth of the Internet. This means that something besides t