高中英語(yǔ) 專題四 短文改錯(cuò)名師導(dǎo)學(xué)導(dǎo)練精析精解 北師大版

1、短文改錯(cuò)本章導(dǎo)言本章導(dǎo)言 短文改錯(cuò)題的宗旨在于測(cè)試考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正文章中錯(cuò)誤的能力，以考查考生在語(yǔ)篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)確性。該題濃縮了學(xué)生平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)過程中的常見錯(cuò)誤，涉及的知識(shí)面廣，綜合性強(qiáng)，包括了詞法、句法、語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)、行文邏輯等方面的錯(cuò)誤。而且近幾年來(lái)短文改錯(cuò)中的題材貼近學(xué)生生活，考生比較熟悉，但是文中的“錯(cuò)誤”大多來(lái)自學(xué)生常犯的習(xí)作錯(cuò)誤，因此在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中把短文改錯(cuò)與書面表達(dá)聯(lián)系起來(lái)不失為一個(gè)兩全其美的方法。 高考考點(diǎn)導(dǎo)向 近年來(lái)高考短文改錯(cuò)一直保持如下特點(diǎn)：第一，語(yǔ)言材料取自于學(xué)生的習(xí)作或類似學(xué)生的習(xí)作，且敘述故事的身份皆是以第一人稱“I”出現(xiàn)。第二，所敘述的故事或話題是發(fā)生在考生身邊

2、或考生想說的。第三，文字難度和水平與考生書面表達(dá)的水平相當(dāng)，行文方式與表達(dá)思路如同考生自己寫作文一樣。第四，試題中與語(yǔ)法規(guī)則有關(guān)的改項(xiàng)在減少，對(duì)固定習(xí)語(yǔ)與結(jié)構(gòu)的機(jī)械性記憶要求在淡化，而需要通過對(duì)上下文從語(yǔ)篇的角度找出錯(cuò)誤的改項(xiàng)在強(qiáng)化，增多。從典型例題文改錯(cuò)題來(lái)看這一特點(diǎn)仍是如此。而正是這些“貼近考生自身”的特點(diǎn)，給考生的答題帶來(lái)難度，因?yàn)槲覀兛偸恰白猿蟛挥X”。上述的這些特點(diǎn)將仍會(huì)在近幾年的高考題中體現(xiàn)。要做好短文改錯(cuò)，不要為改錯(cuò)而改錯(cuò)，平常要加強(qiáng)寫作的基本功訓(xùn)練，保證由詞到句、由句到段、由段到篇的正確表達(dá)。寫好了自己的作文，發(fā)現(xiàn)和改正別人的錯(cuò)誤就不難了。高考考題解析 考題 1 ( NMET 典

3、型例題he day before the speech contest (比賽)English teacher talked to me. She said that 1. she and my schoolmate all wished me success, 2. but it didn't matter that I would win or not. 3. When I was on the stage the next day, 4. I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. There 5. were so many people

4、present! Suddenly Icaught a sight of my English teacher in the 6. crowd. She was smiling but nodding at me I 7. remembered her words and calm down. I did 8. a good job and won the first prize. Now mvpicture and the prize is hanging in the library. 9. Whenever I see them I will often think of 10. my

5、English teacher.解析 1在Englis hteacher前加my。因?yàn)榭蓴?shù)名詞前必須有限定詞，且根據(jù)下文得知是“我的”英語(yǔ)老師。 2改schoolmate為schoolmates。校友不可能只有一個(gè)。 3改that為whether。whether與后面的Or構(gòu)成whetherOr固定搭配。 4。 5改as為that。構(gòu)成sothat句型，表示如此以致。 6去掉a。catch sight of為固定搭配。 7改but為and。此處的smiling，nodding是并列動(dòng)作，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 8改calm為calmed。根據(jù)上下文的時(shí)態(tài)而定。 9改is為are。主謂的單復(fù)數(shù)要一致。

6、 10去掉often。因?yàn)閛ften與whenever的意思有重復(fù)。 考題2(NMET 典型例題ike most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor 1. sisters-in any other words, I'm an only child. My parents 2. love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure 3. that I get a good education. They didn't want me to do 4. any

7、 work at family; they want me to devote all my time to 5. my studies so that I'll get good marks in all my subject. We 6. may be one family and live under a same roof, but we don't 7. seem to get much time to talk about together. It looks as 8. if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest

8、. Do they 9. all understand their own daughter? What things are in other 10. homes? I wonder.解析 1。 2去掉any。in other words意為“換句話說”，為固定詞組。 3can后加to。they can為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾不定代詞all；to make sure that作狀語(yǔ)，表目的。 4改didn't為don't。通讀上下文，不難看出本文談及的是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。 5改family為home。兩詞的區(qū)別在于family側(cè)重指家庭這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)或家人，而home側(cè)重指家庭的所在地。再者，a

9、t home為固定詞組，意為“在家里”。 6改subject為subjects。學(xué)生在校會(huì)學(xué)許多課程。 7改a為the。the same為固定詞組。 8去掉about。無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，也就不需要介詞。 9改and為or。意為“或是”。 10改What為How。意為“情況如何”。 考題 3 (NMET 典型例題招)I used to love science class-all of them 1. biology, chemistry, geography, physics. I think I 2. liked those classes because I felt that it helped

10、me 3. understand what the world works. For example, when 4. I was a child, the rain was a mystery (奧秘). In one 5. class, I learned it rained. I think science classes 6. clear up mysteries. But then there is always more 7. mysteries look into. What was my least favourite class? 8. That was maths. Aft

11、er learn the basics of the subject, 9. nothing else seemed very practically to me. I never 10. saw how I could use it in my daily life.解析 1把class改為classes。science dsses表示“科學(xué)學(xué)科”，科學(xué)學(xué)科有多門，所以要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，下文的biology，chemistry，geography，physics也表明了此處的class要用復(fù)數(shù)classes。 2。 3把it改為they。前邊談到science classes，此處應(yīng)當(dāng)用they

12、來(lái)代替science classes。 4把what改為how。works是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用what作works的賓語(yǔ)，可以用how作works的狀語(yǔ)。 5去掉the。rain是不可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞沒被定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，它的前面一般不用定冠詞the。 6在it前加why。首先要考慮it rained是一個(gè)從句，而這個(gè)從句的前面缺少一個(gè)連詞。再要考慮的是用哪個(gè)連詞，how有些接近，但怎樣下雨的問題一般我們能夠看到，不需要 learn in class，而why it rained才是在課堂上需要leam的原理。 7改i：為are。這是個(gè)there be句式，be的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定于be之后的名詞(

13、即主語(yǔ))，此處的名詞是mysteries，是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以要用there are，而不用there is。 8在look前加to。首先應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮這句話有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，一個(gè)是is(改為are)，另一個(gè)是 look。一句話如果有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，而沒有連接詞，這句話常常是錯(cuò)誤的。to look into作定語(yǔ)，修飾mysteries，并且與被修飾詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)。look into的意思是“觀察，調(diào)查”。 9把learn改為learning。after此處是介詞，介詞之后可以接名詞或動(dòng)詞的ing形式，不能接動(dòng)詞原形。 10把practically改為practical。seemed是系動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞之后接表

14、語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)一般要用形容詞。 考題4(NMET 典型例題ast week my parents and 1 took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, it's famous 1. mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 2. was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 3. the mountain. The three of them were very

15、excited. As we 4. climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples 5. and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 6. since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 7. Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 8. of the mountain. The food was expens

16、ive and the service was 9. good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 10. head touched the pillow.解析 1在famous前加a。本題考查考生對(duì)名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)的掌握情況。mountain為可數(shù)名詞，前面需加不定冠詞a。 2。在短文改錯(cuò)中，正確的一行往往是最難找出的一行。能夠充分考查考生對(duì)自己知識(shí)的確信程度?？忌鷳?yīng)通篇瀏覽后，最后再確定無(wú)錯(cuò)行。 3在noon后加when。本題考查考生對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握情況。It was about noon與后面的we arrived a

17、t the foot of是兩個(gè)完整獨(dú)立的句子，中間需要有一個(gè)連接詞。根據(jù)所學(xué)知識(shí)，此處需加上when引出一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 4把them改為us。本題考查代詞的用法。短文的一開始就提到my parents and I共三人，沒提及其他人。因此此處應(yīng)該是包括我在內(nèi)的“我們”而不是“他們”。 5把visiting改為visited。本題考查考生對(duì)動(dòng)詞所采用的形式做出正確判斷的能力。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)：we fed monkeys，_ (visit)temples and told stories關(guān)鍵詞為：and told，表明fed，visited，told為三個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，它們的形式應(yīng)該一致。

18、6把picture改為pictures。本題考查可數(shù)名詞的用法。picture為可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)常識(shí)，在游覽中一般不大可能只拍一張照片，因此不采用它的單數(shù)形式，而用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 7把passes改為passed。本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)本篇短文開頭交待的時(shí)間為過去時(shí)，通篇的基本時(shí)態(tài)為過去時(shí)。此句在時(shí)態(tài)上也應(yīng)保持一致： 8去掉down。本題使用了多余的副詞。本句意思為： “夜幕降臨”。指“時(shí)間到來(lái)”，只需動(dòng)詞come，down是多余的。再如：Darkness came at sixoclock：， 9把a(bǔ)nd改成but。本題考查根據(jù)句意確定連詞的用法。上句為The food was expens

19、ive (不贊成)，下句為theservicewasgood(贊許)，兩句為不同性質(zhì)的句子，因此用but表示轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)氣。 10去掉at本題考查考生對(duì)名詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的掌握情況。本句意思為：我是如此疲倦以至于頭一挨枕頭就睡著了。the moment引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。再如：The mo- ment I saw you I recognized you我一看到你就認(rèn)出你了： 考題5(NMET 典型例題)What should you do when your par- 1. ents become angry? If your parents got 2. mad, try to have a

20、 conversation with them about it. Remembering not to 3. shout at them. They usually will try to change, but they will take rome time 4. because they get angry all their life, 5. and that is all they know. You mighthave to change for your method a 6. couple of times. Do any nice things for 7. your pa

21、rents that they don't expectlike cooking, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean floors. If 8. this doesn't work, bring in friend that 9. you feel comfortable, and have him or 10. her help you.解析 1。 2變got為get。本文是一篇說明文。說明文的主體時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以將got變?yōu)間et。 3變Remembering為Remember。本句為祈使句，所以用動(dòng)詞原形開頭。

22、 4they為it根據(jù)句意“通常他們?cè)敢飧淖?，但這要花一段時(shí)間”可知，此句為it takessometimetOdOsth結(jié)構(gòu)，故將they改為it 5變life為lives。短語(yǔ)a11 one's life中的life為可數(shù)名詞，其單復(fù)數(shù)隨one's發(fā)生變化。當(dāng)one's為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，要用lives。 6去掉for。change此處意為“改變”，為及物動(dòng)詞，后面可直接跟賓語(yǔ)。 7變any為some。本句為祈使句而非否定句或疑問句。因此應(yīng)該用some 8變clean為cleaning。介詞like后跟有四個(gè)并列動(dòng)詞，即cooking，doing the dishes， wa

23、shing clothes和cleaning the floors。介賓應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞。 9friend前加a。friend為可數(shù)名詞，此外意為“請(qǐng)一個(gè)朋友來(lái)”，因此其前應(yīng)加a。 10comfortable后加with。feel comfortable with sb“與某人在一起時(shí)感到舒服的”。此處意為“請(qǐng)一位與其在一起感到舒服的朋友”。 考題6(NMET 典型例題春招)Many teachers worry about the effects of television on young people. Ac- cording to studies, any children spend 1

24、. more time watching television than theyspend in school. Because so much view- 2. ing, children may not be develop the 3. habit of read and the ability to enjoy 4. themselves. No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to, 5. although radios can be very noise. Teach- 6. ers als

25、o wonder about the effects of tele- vision commercials. On one year the av- 7. erage child will see 25,000 television 8. commercials, all planned and written bygrown-ups to make children to want 9. things that they dont real need 10 解析 1改any為some或many。用于肯定句中的any意為“無(wú)論”“任何”，主要修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)。 2so前加of。 Becau

26、se of后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，而because后接從句。 3去掉be。系動(dòng)詞bc與及物動(dòng)詞develop不能排放一起作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意，be是多余的。 4改read為reading。介詞of后應(yīng)接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。 5改program為programs。program為可數(shù)名詞。 “無(wú)線電節(jié)目”有很多，所以program應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 6改noise為noisy。系動(dòng)詞be后跟noisy作表語(yǔ)，意為“吵鬧的”。 7把On改為In。此處句意為“在一年內(nèi)”，所以用in。 8。 9去掉第二個(gè)to。短語(yǔ)make sbdo sth“讓：某人做某事”，用省to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)： 10改real為really。ne

27、ed為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)該用副詞really修飾；形容問real修飾名詞。 考題7(NMET 典型例題)I'm the captain of our school team .so 1. with my fellow players we've won sew 2. eral games. There will an important game 3. next month. But one of the best players in our team told me just then that he 4. wouldn't play basketball once mo

28、re. His 5. parents asked him to spend in more time 6. preparing for the college entrance examination. I feel .sorry to him. But his parents 7. think go to college is more imtx)rtant 8. than playing sports and college was the 9. only place for a smart boy like his son. 10. St) my friend had no choice

29、. He wanted.解析 1改so為and。上下兩句為并列關(guān)系而不是因果關(guān)系，所以用and連接并列句。 2 。 3will后加bc。will為助動(dòng)詞，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。本句為there be句型，所以加be。 4改then為now：根據(jù)句中時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)和句意“剛才應(yīng)把then改為now構(gòu)成 just now。 5改once為any。once nlore意為“再一次，又一次”，而句意為“他不冉打籃球了”，是結(jié)構(gòu)“notany more”。 6去掉in?！?某人)花時(shí)間干某事”應(yīng)該用spend time (in) doing sth結(jié)構(gòu)，所以 spend后的介詞是多余的： 7改to為for?！?/p>

30、為感到難過”應(yīng)為“feel：sorry for sb/sth” 8改go為going。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，go to college是句子的主語(yǔ)。因此，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。 9改was為is。本文主體時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，說明作者的一個(gè)隊(duì)員不想踢球一事。此處用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，顯然與全文不符。 10改his為their。本句主語(yǔ)為his parents，所以其后的代詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 考題8(NMET典型例題hen I first learned to write in English, I ran into many 1. difficulties. The main problem was in that

31、 I always thought 2. in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. 3. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I followed her 4. advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. 5. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was 6. learning to express me in simple English. One d

32、ay I wrote 7. a little story and showed to my teacher. She liked it 8. very much and reads it to the class. All mid the story was 9. a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to me. 10. 解析 1。 2去掉in。that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。 3改anything為everything。意為“一切”。 4改my為a。keep a diary為固定詞組。 5去掉should。 6改talk為talking。

33、talking為enjoy的賓語(yǔ)。 7改me為myself。自己作自己的賓語(yǔ)，用反身代詞。 8在showed后加show為及物動(dòng)詞，后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)。 9改reads為read。由前后時(shí)態(tài)要一致而定。 10改word為words。words和后面的were要保持主謂一致。 考題9(NMET 典型例題n Thursday I will have to decide what I want myself 1. to do over a weekend. I am thinking of making a trip 2. to London, and visit the British Museum

34、and some 3. parks. But I have spent lots my money, so I cannot 4. even go out of town. I may go to a film, or a concert. 5. Yes, a concert can be very excited. You can watch your 6. stars while enjoying your favorite music. So then, a 7. concert cost so much. I may just listen to music, I have 8. ro

35、me records giving to me as birthday gifts. If I listen 9. to my own records, there are no need to spend money. 10. All right. That's what I' m going to do.解析 1劃掉myself。主語(yǔ)為I，沒有必要再出現(xiàn)反身代詞了。 2第一個(gè)a改為the。the特指本周。 3visit改為visiting。visiting與making并列。 4my前加oof。 lots of“許多”為固定搭配。 5。 6excited改為exciting

36、。exciting修飾concert，表示“令人激動(dòng)的”音樂會(huì)。 7So改為But。上文講的是音樂會(huì)的好處，接下來(lái)則談的是不利的一面，因此用but連接，表示轉(zhuǎn)折。 8cost改為costs。concert是單數(shù)形式，整個(gè)短文為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主謂應(yīng)保持一致，為 costs。 9giving改為given。have sthdone意思為“讓別人送唱片給我”。 10are改為is句中主語(yǔ)為need，因此動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)is。 考題10(NMET 典型例題)This is a story told by my father: "When I was boy, 1. the most exciting thing was when to celebrate the Spring 2. Festival. My grandma