名師伴你行】2016屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法精講系列 講座六 名詞性從句課件

1、語法精講系列講座六名詞性從句講座六名詞性從句名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。名詞性從句是一種具有名詞功能的非獨(dú)立分句。名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有以下幾種：1連詞that(無意義)，whether，if(意為“是否”，多引導(dǎo)賓語從句)，起連接作用；在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分；that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)?？墒÷?。2連接代詞who，whom，whose，which，what，whatever，whoever，whichever起連接作用，在從句中作主語、賓語、定語或表語。3連接副詞when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever起連接作用，在從句中作狀語，表示時(shí)

2、間、地點(diǎn)、方式或原因?？键c(diǎn)一四大名詞性從句1主語從句主語從句多放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞前，構(gòu)成：主語從句謂語動(dòng)詞其他That we must master English words as many as possible is very important.我們必須盡可能多地掌握英文單詞，這是很重要的。What was most important to her，she told me，was her family.(主語從句，what作主語)她告訴我，對(duì)她來說最重要的是她的家庭。(1)that從句作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，常見的句型有：Itbe形容詞(obvious，true，natural，

3、surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.)that從句。如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam.可以肯定她會(huì)考得很好。Itbe名詞詞組(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise etc.)that從句。如：Its no surprise that our team has won the game.我們隊(duì)贏了比賽并不驚奇。Itbe過去分詞(said，reported，though

4、t，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.)that從句。如：It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到北京了。It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.已經(jīng)定下來了，會(huì)議推遲到了下周一。(2)在口語中，that常可省略，尤其是在非常短的句子中，但that從句位于句首時(shí)，that是不能省略的。如：Its a pity(that) youre leaving.真遺憾你要離開。That we are

5、 invited to the concert this evening is good news to us.我們被邀請(qǐng)去參加今晚的音樂會(huì)，這對(duì)我們來說是個(gè)好消息。(3)whether連接從句時(shí)，表示懷疑，不能省略，意為“是否”，在句首時(shí)不能用if替換。Whether he is free now is uncertain.不能確定他現(xiàn)在是否有空。(4)特殊疑問詞連接從句時(shí)，特殊疑問詞不能省略，在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.何時(shí)何地開會(huì)還沒有定下來。2賓語從句賓語從句可以作謂語動(dòng)詞的

6、賓語、介詞的賓語，還可作非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。(1)that引導(dǎo)賓語從句that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that本身無任何意義，只起連接作用，?？梢允÷浴 dont think (that) he will succeed.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)成功的。(但多個(gè)并列的賓語從句中只能省略第一個(gè)that。)He said (that) he liked rain very much and that he wouldnt use an umbrella when it was raining.他說他非常喜歡下雨，下雨天他都不愿打傘。(2)由who，whom，which，whose，what，when，where，wh

7、y，how，whoever，whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告訴了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well.她總是在想怎樣把工作做好。(3)whether與if引導(dǎo)賓語從句whether/if都可引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，?？梢曰Q。但以下幾種情況下，只能用whether：后面直接跟or not時(shí)。Let me know whether or not you can come.請(qǐng)讓我知道你是否能來。引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句時(shí)。We ar

8、e interested in whether you will attend the meeting or not.我們對(duì)你是否參加會(huì)議感興趣。(4)it作形式賓語的情況如果賓語從句后跟有補(bǔ)語，通常用it作形式賓語，將賓語從句放到補(bǔ)語之后。I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的。(5)有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語，如like，hate，appreciate，hide，depend on，see to等，一般不直接跟賓語從句，需要在從句前加上it。He took it that we w

9、ere to stay here for the night.他以為我們要在這里過夜。I dont like it when you look at me like that!我不喜歡你那樣看我。You may depend on it that I shall always help you.你要相信我會(huì)一直幫助你的。3表語從句引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有that，whether，who，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever，when，where，why，how，because等。that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，一般不省略。如：My decision is that al

10、l of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.我的決定是我們所有人明天早上6點(diǎn)出發(fā)。This is where our problem lies.這就是我們的問題所在。Tomorrow is when it would be the most convenient.明天是最方便的時(shí)候。表語從句的幾種常見句型：The reason why從句bethat從句The reason why she called me was that she will not attend the party.她給我打 的原因是因?yàn)樗龑⒉粎⒓泳蹠?huì)。This is

11、 because.這是因?yàn)閎ecause引導(dǎo)表語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。It may be because I didnt have a good sleep yesterday evening.也許是因?yàn)槲易蛱焱砩蠜]睡好。That is why.那就是的原因why引導(dǎo)的表語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果That is why he didnt come to the meeting.那就是他沒來開會(huì)的原因。It looks/seems as if/as though從句It looked as if it was going to rain.天好像要下雨。It looks as if she was drunk.看

12、上去她好像喝醉了似的。(虛擬語氣)4同位語從句(1)that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，應(yīng)在某些抽象名詞如fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility等后，對(duì)前面的名詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用，that只起引導(dǎo)同位語從句的作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，一般不省略。如：Theres a feeling in me that well never know what a UFO is.我有一種感覺，我們將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道不明飛行物是什么。The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.他可能恢

13、復(fù)的希望還沒有破滅。(2)whether連接從句時(shí)從句來源于一般疑問句，whether不能省略，意為“是否”，不能用if替換。He asked her the question whether they can be friends.他問了她一個(gè)問題，他們能否成為朋友。(3)特殊疑問詞連接從句時(shí)從句來源于特殊疑問句，特殊疑問詞不能省略，在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。He showed us his way how he worked out that problem.他向我們展示了他是如何解決那個(gè)問題的。(4)同位語從句要用陳述語序，即主謂語序。特別注意：同位語從句與名詞之間有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)插入成分，形成間

14、隔性同位語從句。The news came that Patrick Modiano won the 2014 Nobel Prize in literature.消息傳來說帕特里克莫迪亞諾獲得了2014諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。考點(diǎn)二易混點(diǎn)辨析1連接詞的用法區(qū)別連詞主要區(qū)別that和what的區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，也沒有任何含義；而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分同位語從句與定語從句中that的區(qū)別同位語從句中的連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分；而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中作賓語或主語，賓語與先行詞有修飾關(guān)系The problem is that we dont have enough money.What he said is very important to us.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.The hope (that) she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.2whe