2013年九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè) Module 12 Summer in LA主謂一致“三原則” 外研版

1、主謂一致“三原則”英語(yǔ)句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，而在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中又有一些具體情況，概括起來(lái)，主謂一致要遵循以下三個(gè)原則： 一、語(yǔ)法一致原則1. 如果主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式。如：the number of students in our school is rising. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)在上升。 2. each, either, neither, nobody, nothing, anything, anybody, everybody, everything等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：each of them has been to bei

2、jing. 他們每個(gè)人都去過(guò)北京。neither of them likes the film. 他們兩個(gè)誰(shuí)也不喜歡那部電影。3. 主語(yǔ)的數(shù)不受后面修飾它的短語(yǔ)的影響。如：tom together with his parents has visited the great wall. 湯姆和他父母一起游覽過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。二、意義一致原則1. 有的主語(yǔ)看似復(fù)數(shù)形式但表示的是單數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：the news is exciting. 這是個(gè)令人振奮的消息。the united states is in north america. 美國(guó)位于北美洲。two years is real

3、ly a very long time. 兩年的確是個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。2. what, who, which, all, any, none, more, most 等代詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)具體情況來(lái)確定。如：what you said is very important. 你所說(shuō)的話很重要。which are their chairs? 哪些是他們的椅子？3. 表示抽象概念的動(dòng)詞不定式和v.-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：to see is to believe. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。eating too much is bad for your health.

4、 吃得太多有害健康。4. 一些集體名詞(如family, team, group, class, audience, company等) 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)集體中的成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：her family is a large one. 她的家庭是個(gè)大家庭。her family are interested in football. 她家人都對(duì)足球感興趣。5. 由“分?jǐn)?shù) / 百分?jǐn)?shù) of 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果of后面的名詞是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果of后面的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如

5、：two thirds of the building is large enough for us. 這幢樓房的三分之二對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)就足夠大了。sixty-five percent of the books have been written in english. 百分之六十五的書(shū)籍是用英語(yǔ)寫的。三、就近一致原則1. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)用or, either . or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also .等連詞連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。如：either mary or her brothers are going to help m

6、e.瑪麗或者是她的兄弟們會(huì)來(lái)幫助我。2. 由here / there引起的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式通常和作主語(yǔ)的第一個(gè)名詞或代詞在數(shù)上保持一致。如：here is an apple and two pears for you. 這是給你的一個(gè)蘋果和兩個(gè)梨。there are two books, three rulers and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有兩本書(shū)、三把尺子和一支鋼筆。跟蹤練習(xí)請(qǐng)選擇能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。( )1. an old man with his two children _ down the road now.a. comesb. is comingc. are coming ( )2. be careful!the rest of the water _ hot.a. are b. is c. look like ( )3. toms parents _ from england.a. is b. am c. are( )4. not only the children but also their father _ living i