英語語法專題-高中語法-語法講解-英語時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)

1、規(guī)則規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加加-s,在清輔音后在清輔音后讀讀/S/,在濁輔音或在濁輔音或元音后讀元音后讀/z/;在在t后讀后讀/ts/,在在d后后讀讀/dz/.以字母以字母s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-es讀讀/iz/.如果動(dòng)詞原如果動(dòng)詞原形詞尾已有形詞尾已有e,則加則加s;以以o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞也加也加es,讀讀/z/.以輔音字母加以輔音字母加y結(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞尾的動(dòng)詞,先變先變y為為I,再加再加-es,讀讀/z/.help,makeswim,getride,knowguess,fixteach,washclose,gofly,

2、carry,studyhelps,makes,swims,knows, gets,rides.guesses,fixs,teaches,eashes,closes,goes.flies,carries,studies.3、以一個(gè)輔音字母加一個(gè)元音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)、以一個(gè)輔音字母加一個(gè)元音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)單詞單詞, 要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加 -ing 。如：。如：Be(am/is/are) + doing 1、直接在動(dòng)詞原形后面加、直接在動(dòng)詞原形后面加 -ing 。如：。如：2、以、以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞把結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞把 e 去掉加去掉加 -ing 。如：。如：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)

3、行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)read readingcook cookingtalk talkingwrite -writing make - makingclose - closingrun-runningput-putting swim-swimming雙寫加雙寫加-ing-ing的現(xiàn)在分詞的現(xiàn)在分詞識(shí)記口訣識(shí)記口訣: :讓我們停止游泳讓我們停止游泳, ,放下跑步；放下跑步；let stop swim put run開始坐下開始坐下, ,別忘了購買得到。別忘了購買得到。begin sit forget shop get規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成構(gòu)成規(guī)則構(gòu)成規(guī)則原形原形過去式過去式一般在動(dòng)詞

4、原形末一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加尾加-ed結(jié)尾是結(jié)尾是e的動(dòng)詞加的動(dòng)詞加-d末尾只有一個(gè)輔音末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加再加-ed結(jié)尾是結(jié)尾是“輔音字母輔音字母+y”的動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞,先變先變“y”為為“i”再加再加-edlook,play,start.looked,played,started.live,hopeuse.lived,hoped,used.stop,plantrip.stopped,planned,tripped.study,carryworry.studied,carriedworride.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式、過去分詞的構(gòu)

5、成不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式、過去分詞的構(gòu)成be(am/is/are)was/werebeenbecomebecamebecomebringbroughtbroughtchoosechosechoseneatateeatenwritewrotewrittensellsoldsoldcancouldsitsitsit請(qǐng)寫出下列單詞的三單形式及現(xiàn)在分詞形式請(qǐng)寫出下列單詞的三單形式及現(xiàn)在分詞形式playcrywatchleavecoJumpbookfishseehikeraftrunforgetopen close寫出下列詞的過去式、過去分詞寫出下列詞的過去式、過去分詞fallflyfeelfinddriv

6、ecatchthinkrisegogivehangclosehanged/hung hanged/hungclosed closedfell fallenflied fliedfelt feltfound founddrove drivencaught caughtthought thought rose risenwent gonegave given時(shí)態(tài)共時(shí)態(tài)共16種，現(xiàn)介紹種，現(xiàn)介紹8種常用的：種常用的：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)?，F(xiàn)

7、在完成時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：1、表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)、表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)具備的能力、特征和真理。具備的能力、特征和真理。句中常用句中常用often，usually,every day, now等時(shí)間等時(shí)間狀語。狀語。 He goes to work every day. Im very young now. He speaks English very well. She has two big eyes.The earth moves around the sun.Two times five is ten.

8、/Water boils at 100.2、在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)、在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。在時(shí)表示將來。If you come back this afternoon,well seefilm together./If it rains tomorrow,I couldnt go When I graduate from college,Ill go to the USA hikirg.3、表示計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。一般現(xiàn)在表將、表示計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。一般現(xiàn)在表將來。來。begin, start,came, go, have,arriv

9、e,return,stop,open, close,take off,see sb.off等等.What time does the train leave for Beijing?The plane takes off at 8:30a.m.4、表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)詞。、表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)詞。Be,like,hate,think,remember,forget,find,sound等。等。I like English very much.The story sounds very interesting.5、書報(bào)的標(biāo)題、小說情節(jié)介紹。、書報(bào)的標(biāo)題、小說情節(jié)介紹。二、一般過去時(shí)的用法二、一般過去

10、時(shí)的用法1、表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在狀態(tài)或過去、表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在狀態(tài)或過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。(常接常接 ago/yesterday/last/inthe past/one day等等)He arrived in Hangzhou yesterday.He worked in a factory in 1998.2、表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用、表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用“used to ”和和“would+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”。I used to smoke.During the vacation I would swim in the sea.注意注意:Us

11、ed to 表示過去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在再發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存表示過去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在再發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)在的狀態(tài).另外另外“be used to+名詞（動(dòng)名詞）名詞（動(dòng)名詞）”表示表示“習(xí)慣習(xí)慣于于”I am used to the climate here.He is used to swimming in winter.三、一般將來時(shí)的用法三、一般將來時(shí)的用法一般將來時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一般將來時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)(常接常接tomorrow/next/some day等等)其表達(dá)形式除了其表達(dá)形式除了“will或或shall+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”處，還有以下幾種形式處，還有以下幾種形式1、“be g

12、oing to +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”，表示即將發(fā)生的或，表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事。最近打算進(jìn)行的事。I think it is going to rain.We are going to do some reading this evening.3、“be to+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事或征表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對(duì)方意見。求對(duì)方意見。They are to meet at the gate of the school.The boy is to go to school tomorrow.4、“be about to+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表示即將發(fā)生

13、的動(dòng)作。不能與時(shí)間狀語連用。不能與時(shí)間狀語連用。We are abuot to set out.5、某些詞、某些詞begin, start,came, go, have,arrive,return,stop,open, close,take off,see sb.off come,go,leave,arrice,start等的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)等的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將來。和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將來。The meeting startsat five o clock. He is leaving tomorrow.四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，由

14、、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，由“be+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，另外構(gòu)成，另外“系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞介詞或副詞”也表示進(jìn)行的意義也表示進(jìn)行的意義(常接常接 listen/look/now等等)We are having an English lesson now.The bridge is under constrtuction.2、表示感覺、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞。如：、表示感覺、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞。如：havebe,hear,see,like等詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。等詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。五、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法五、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻、某一階段正在、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示

15、過去某一時(shí)刻、某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，由進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，由“was(were)+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。I was reading a novel when he came in.六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have+過去分詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成。其使用有兩構(gòu)成。其使用有兩種情況：種情況：1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作在說話之前、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作在說話之前已完成，而對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，句中沒有具體的時(shí)間狀語。已完成，而對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，句中沒有具體的時(shí)間狀語。He has gone to Fuzhou./He has been to Fuzhou.2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示

16、的動(dòng)作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。常用也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。常用for和和since表示一段時(shí)間的狀表示一段時(shí)間的狀語或語或so far,now,today,thisweek/year,already,yet,ever,just,before等等.I have studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since2000.Now I have finished the work.注意：表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞，如注意：表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞，如come,go,die,buy等的完成時(shí)

17、不能與等的完成時(shí)不能與 for,since 等表示一段時(shí)間等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。的詞連用。3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。表示將來某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。Ill go to your home when I have finished my Home-work.If it has stopped raining in the morning,well goto the park.七、過去完成時(shí)的用法七、過去完成時(shí)的用法1、過去完成時(shí)由、過去完成時(shí)由“had+過去分詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成，過去完成構(gòu)成，過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞表示過去某一

18、時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的時(shí)的動(dòng)詞表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作狀態(tài)。句中常用動(dòng)作狀態(tài)。句中常用by,before,until,when等詞引等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。By the end of last year we had learnt 2,000 English words.The mail had come when I left.2、過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前、過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或持續(xù)下去。發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或持續(xù)下去。I hadnt heard of him for some t

19、ime before I methim .八、過去將來時(shí)的用法八、過去將來時(shí)的用法過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的某時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的某時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時(shí)由作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時(shí)由“should或或would+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。第一人稱用構(gòu)成。第一人稱用should,其他人稱用其他人稱用Would.They said they would come the next day.九、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法九、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“have(has)+been+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示現(xiàn)在以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。有些

20、詞，構(gòu)成，表示現(xiàn)在以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。有些詞，如如work,study,live,teach等用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與等用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成意思差不多?，F(xiàn)在完成意思差不多。 I have worked here for three years. I have been working here for three years. I have written a letter. I have been writing a letter.1.Mr.Brown_to work by bus every day.A.is traveled B.has been travellingC.travels

21、 D.has traveled2.It seldom_in Kuming in winter.A.snow B.is snowingC.snowed D.snows3.A mother who_ her son will do anything for his Happiness.A.is loving B.loves C.loved D.has loved4.I _ her the news that our country will explore the west.A.will tell B.told C.is telling D.tell5.If it _,the match will

22、 be postponed.A.is raining B.has been raining C.has rained D.rains6.Although he _ busy tomorrow,he will still go to the hospital to visit his wife.A.will be B.is going to be C.was D.is 7.Listen,the man _ with his wife!A.quarreling B.is quarreling C.quarreled D.quarrels.8.He _ at home these days.A.is

23、 staying B.stays C.stayed D.has stayed9.How_on with your new job these days?A.have you been getting B.are you gettingC.Did you get D.have you got10.I _you a gift next week.A.shall be giving B.shall have givenCshall give D.would give11.They _ the computer design problem this after-noon.A.will have discussed B.are going to discussC.shall discuss D.will be discussing12.He was _ when I walked into the room.Aready for leaving B.about to leave C.in the