2012年中考英語考點(diǎn)知識(shí)13非謂語動(dòng)動(dòng)詞

1、真誠為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當(dāng)之處，請(qǐng)指正。2012年中考英語考點(diǎn)知識(shí)13非謂語動(dòng)詞（一）非謂語動(dòng)詞就是在句子中不充當(dāng)謂語的動(dòng)詞。它不受主語的限制，也沒有像謂語動(dòng)詞那樣的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，又稱為非限定動(dòng)詞，在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、賓補(bǔ)、定語和 狀語。非謂語動(dòng)詞包括三種形式：不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞。動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式為：to+動(dòng)詞原形，有時(shí)可不帶to。不定式的否定形式是not to+動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞不定式仍然具有動(dòng)詞的功能，可以接賓語或狀語而構(gòu)成不定式短語。例如：to beat the opponent 打敗對(duì)手to put on your coat 穿上你的大衣to dri

2、ve fast 快速駕車to return home 歸國，回家注意：不定式之前的to(又稱為小品詞)與介詞to功能不同。介詞to 之后要接名詞或代詞的賓格，或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語作它的賓語。而不定式的小品詞to的后面需要跟原形動(dòng)詞。speak to him (to是介詞)對(duì)他講話to speak English (to是不定式的小品詞)講英語1 不定式在句子中的用法(1)不定式作名詞的用法不定式起名詞作用，在句子中可以充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。不定式作主語To grow more trees here is very important.（=It is very important to

3、 grow more trees here.）在這里多種些樹是非常重要的。To think carefully before you act is necessary.（=It is necessary for you to think carefully before you act.）你須三思而后行。To walk to school takes me twenty minutes.(=It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.)步行到學(xué)校我要花20多分鐘。注意：在It is.to的句型中，It是形式主語，真正的主語是不定式；這種結(jié)構(gòu)，避免了

4、句子的頭重腳輕。通常不定式被視為單數(shù)第三人稱，所以動(dòng)詞用is或was。It's bad for your eyes to read in the sun.在陽光下看書對(duì)你的眼睛有害。另外，不定式作主語的句子，同時(shí)有另外一個(gè)不定式作表語時(shí)，不能轉(zhuǎn)換成“It is.to.”的句型。例如：To see is to believe. (百聞不如一見。)不能轉(zhuǎn)換為： It is to believe to see.不定式作主語不定式，作主語，有一點(diǎn)，應(yīng)注意，短語長，往后移，其位置，it 替。不定式作表語Her dream is to be a lawyer.她的夢(mèng)想就是成為一名律師。What t

5、hey want is to do it at once.他們所要求的就是立刻著手做這件事。不定式作賓語不定式作賓語是用在及物動(dòng)詞之后。常用的及物動(dòng)詞有：want, wish, hope, like, begin, start, help, agree, refuse, promise, learn, forget, know, need, try等。She wanted to get home earlier that day.她那天想要早一些到家。They refused to do so.他們拒絕那樣做。巧記接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞Hope、wish、want、agree、promise、D

6、emand、ask、refuse、Manage、learn 、decide、Pretend、choose 三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng); 設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定 不要假裝在選擇不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語要求用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞很多，例如：ask, want, believe, know, tell, advice , like, feel, help, force, invite, let, have, make, prefer, notice, order, remind, see, teach, think, expect, enable, cause, choose, allow, persuade等。She

7、adviced him to do so.她勸他這么做。The doctor told me not to go on with the work.醫(yī)生告訴我不要再繼續(xù)做這件工作了。He reminded me to lock the door when I Left.他提醒我離開時(shí)鎖上門。注意：1、表示感官的動(dòng)詞如see, hear, watch, feel, notice和某些使役動(dòng)詞如let, make, have等，其后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式通常不帶to。例如：It made me feel thirsty.這東西讓我感到口渴。2、動(dòng)詞help之后，不定式帶to或不帶to都可以。Will

8、 you please help me (to) take this suitcase?請(qǐng)你幫我提一下這個(gè)衣箱好嗎?必背：下列結(jié)構(gòu)必須使用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。had better do.最好還是做would you please do.請(qǐng)您做would rather do.寧愿做would sooner do.愿做may just as well do.是做的好rather than do.而不是做例如：Susan preferred to stay at the dormitory rather than go out with them.蘇姍寧可呆在宿舍里，也不跟他們出去。As you

9、are feeling hungry, you may just as well find something to eat.既然你覺得餓了，還是找些吃的東西吧。You'd better take this way.你最好走這條路。注意：在復(fù)合賓語中，可以用形式賓語it代替作直接賓語的不定式，而將不定式放在補(bǔ)足語的后面。She found it difficult to change his mind.她發(fā)現(xiàn)要想改變他的思想很困難。He considered it his duty to do so.他認(rèn)為這樣做是應(yīng)該的。The situation now makes it easy

10、for them to finish building the bridge on time.目前的這種情況使他們很容易按時(shí)完成大橋的建設(shè)。(2)不定式作形容詞的用法-作定語不定式作定語修飾名詞，要放在所修飾的名詞之后(又稱后置定語)。這類名詞經(jīng)常使用的有： time, way, chance, right(權(quán)力)，need(需要)，decision(決定)，opportunity(機(jī)會(huì))， effort(努力)，courage(勇氣)，struggle(斗爭)等。例如：Mr. Wang is a man to believe in.王先生是一位值得信賴的人。I think he is a m

11、an to depend on.我認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)可以依賴的人。Can you find anything to read at the dentist?在牙診所你可以找到可閱讀的東西嗎?The boy found no one to play with.這孩子找不到人跟他一塊玩。(3)不定式作副詞的用法-作狀語。不定式可以在句子中作目的、原因和結(jié)果狀語。I am sorry to have bothered you.我非常抱歉打攪了你。(原因狀語)They will come to the city to look for a job.他們將要到大城市來找工作。(目的狀語)If you are

12、so stupid as to do so, you must expect trouble.你如果愚蠢得這樣做事，你就等著自找麻煩吧。(結(jié)果狀語)“too.to.”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式含有否定的意思，因此“too.to.”表示“太而 不能”。The boy is too young to join the army.這孩子太小，還不能參軍。He is too busy to see me.他太忙，不能來看我?！皊o as.+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式作目的狀語，意思是“以便”。“so+形容詞(副詞)+as+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式作結(jié)果狀語。He went there quickly so as to me

13、et her.他趕快到那里去以便可以碰見她。(目的)He was so kind as to offer his seat to me.承他好意，把座位讓給了我。(結(jié)果)The man was so angry as to smash the things in the room.這個(gè)人氣極了，便開始摔屋里的東西。(結(jié)果)比較：不定式作賓語和作狀語的區(qū)別。1 She wants to sleep. (作賓語)她想去睡覺。2 She went there to sleep. (作狀語)她去那兒睡覺。不定式sleep在上述兩句話中分別作賓語和狀語。區(qū)分它們有兩種方法：及物動(dòng)詞之后的不定式為賓語(如

14、上面第一句)；不及物動(dòng)詞之后的不定式為狀語(如 上面第二句)。按句子含義理解，第一句中，缺少不定式to sleep(作賓語)，句子便不完整(she wants)，因 此這里的不定式to sleep是不能缺的。而例2中的to sleep(作狀語)修飾動(dòng)詞went，表示去 那里的目的(是睡覺)。如果沒有這 個(gè)不定式to sleep，句子依然完整。(4)不定式作插入語To tell you the truth, you'd better change your car.說實(shí)在話，你最好換換你這輛車。To be fair, it's not his fault, hes not the

15、 one to blame.說句公道話，這不是他的錯(cuò)，不該責(zé)備他。2 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)不定式經(jīng)常使用的有三種時(shí)態(tài)形式：一般式，進(jìn)行式和完成式。(1)一般式(to do)通常表示與謂語動(dòng)詞所示動(dòng)作同時(shí)或在其后發(fā)生的行為或動(dòng)作。She wanted to write a letter.她想寫一封信。She told him to put the things in the room in order.她讓他把屋子里的東西收拾一下。(2)進(jìn)行式(to be doing)表示不定式動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。但注意，不定式所用的必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。It is foolish of him to be doing

16、 such a kind of things all the ti me.他老是做這種事情，真是愚蠢至極!That poor girl seems to be following him.那個(gè)可憐的女孩子好像在跟著他。(3)完成式(to have done)表示不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。They appearedto have known each other.他們看來互相已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)。I'm glad to have made a friend like you.我非常高興交了像你這樣一個(gè)朋友。3 不定式的被動(dòng)形式不定式的被動(dòng)形式用于其邏輯主語是不定式所示動(dòng)作的承受者。經(jīng)常使用的有

17、兩種形式：一般式：to be done；完成式：to have been done。The bridge across the river is to be built next year.這座跨河大橋?qū)⒂诿髂晷藿?。He felt greatly honored to have been invited.受到邀請(qǐng)，他感到很榮幸。4 動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問詞的連用動(dòng)詞不定式可以與疑問詞連用構(gòu)成不定式短語。這些疑問詞有：疑問代詞what, who, which；疑問副詞 how, when, where, why等等。不定式短語可以在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。(1)作主語How to contro

18、l the water pollution is a big problem.如何控制水污染還是一個(gè)大問題。When to start the project remains undecided.什么時(shí)候開始這項(xiàng)工程仍然沒有決定。(2)作賓語He doesn't know what to do.他不知如何是好。Tell me why to be late again.告訴我為什么又遲到了。(3)作賓補(bǔ)(賓語補(bǔ)足語)Can you find out why to do it in this way?你能弄明白為什么要這樣做嗎?He will show me how to drive a

19、car.他要教我如何開車。提示：帶有疑問詞的不定式短語，經(jīng)常與下列動(dòng)詞連用：tell, teach, show, know, learn, decide, forget, find out等等。(4)作表語The big problem is where to park the car at the business centre.商業(yè)中心的停車是一個(gè)大問題The question is where to find the genius.問題是到哪里去找這樣的天才5 不定式的省略在上下文連接比較緊密的情況下，為了避免重復(fù)，將相同的部分省略，但小品詞to要保留。-Did you find the

20、 reference books about it?-No, I tried to, but failed.-你找到有關(guān)的參考書了嗎?-沒有。我盡力了，但沒找到。-Do you like to see that film with me?-Yes, Id like to.-你愿意跟我去看那部電影嗎?-是的，非常愿意。巧記動(dòng)詞不定式的用法不定式有標(biāo)記，to與動(dòng)原連一起。沒有人稱數(shù)變化，動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)它具備。主賓定狀表補(bǔ)語，惟獨(dú)作謂不可以。Not加上不定式，否定結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記。疑問詞與不定式，構(gòu)成短語有意義。仔細(xì)推敲多思考，準(zhǔn)確判斷有依據(jù)。注：動(dòng)原=動(dòng)詞原形6 不定式的一些常用結(jié)構(gòu)(1)be+to doSh

21、e is very proud to be a student in Beijing University.作為一名北京大學(xué)的學(xué)生，她感到自豪。Your mother will be angry to find that nothing has been done.你母親看到什么事都沒做會(huì)發(fā)火的。(2)have (has, had)+不定式這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示“不得不”，“只好”的意思。He will have to swallow the bitterness sooner or later.他遲早要吞下這顆苦果的。As she missed the train, she had to return

22、 home.由于耽誤了那趟火車，她只得又回家去了。(3)there is (are)+不定式There is something important to do today.今天有一件重要的事情要做。There are lots of letters to type now.現(xiàn)在有許多信要打出來。(4)be about+不定式表示“正要做”I was just about to leave when you phoned me.我正要走，你就給我來電話了。The match is about to begin. Hurry up!比*上要開始了，快點(diǎn)!(5)only+不定式，表示“卻”They

23、 lifted a stone only to drop it on their own feet.他們搬起石頭，卻砸了自己的腳。He went home in a hurry only to find that nothing happened there.他急忙趕回家里卻發(fā)現(xiàn)家里什么事都沒有。(6)so as (not) to do.“為了(不)”She worked hard so as to be a college student.為了要上大學(xué)，她刻苦學(xué)習(xí)。He went to work early so as not to be there late.為了不遲到，他很早就去上班了。

24、(7)enough+不定式表示“十分，足夠”This car is not big enough to seat five people.這輛車不夠大，坐不下五個(gè)人。He drove fast enough to catch up the train.他把車開得飛快，足以趕上那列火車。注意：1.“形容詞(或副詞)+enough+不定式”構(gòu)成的是簡單句，可以和復(fù)合句“so.that.”相互轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：It is easy enough for her to do. (簡單句)It is so easy that she can do it.(復(fù)合句)這件事情很容易，她可以做。2.“so.that

25、 (can't)”和句型“too.to.”的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 。She is too frightened to say a word.(簡單句)She is so frightened that she can't say a word.(復(fù)合句)她太害怕了，以致于一句話也說不上來。The dictionary is too expensive for me to afford.The dictionary is so expensive that I can't afford it.這本詞典太貴了，(以致)我買不起。(8)It is (was)+形容詞+of (for) s

26、b.+不定式It is clever of you to deal with such a thing.這樣一件事情你處理得很聰明。It was necessary for me to explain it.我對(duì)此作一下解釋是必要的。比較：該句型中“of sb.”和“for sb.”的使用情況不同，可以從 兩方面加以區(qū)別：它們兩者所用的形容詞不同A of sb.的句型一般使用表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞。例如：good, kind, nice, right, wrong, wise, clever, foolish, careful, careless等。It is wise of her to

27、 do so.她這樣做是非常明智的。It was clever of him to go away at that time.在那個(gè)時(shí)刻他走開是很聰明的。B for sb.的句型使用表示客觀情況的形容詞。例如：hard, easy, possible, impossible, difficult, necessary, unnecessary, important, interesting等。It was impossible for him to get there on time.他要準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)那里已是不可能的事。It is simple for me to solve the proble

28、m.對(duì)我來說解決此事非常簡單。of sb.的句型通常都可轉(zhuǎn)換為不定式作狀語的句子，但for sb.句型不可以。It is very nice of you to offer me a seat.You are very nice to offer me a seat.十分感謝你給我讓座。It was careless of him to lose so many things.He was careless to lose so many things.他丟了這么多東西，真是太粗心了。It is very important for you to practise your oral Engl

29、ish in the daily life.在日常生活中練習(xí)你的英語口語是非常重要的。這句話不能變?yōu)椋篠he is very important to practise.非謂語動(dòng)詞（二）動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞既具有名詞的特性，在句子中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語，又保留了動(dòng)詞的功能，可以有自己的賓語和狀語而構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語。動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成形式為“動(dòng)詞+ing”。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞在句子中做主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)形式。例如：Seeing is believing.(作主語，表語)眼見為實(shí)。Do you mind my smoking here?你介意我在這里抽煙嗎?(作賓語)Staying with him mad

30、e her very happy.和他呆在一起使她感到非?？鞓?。(動(dòng)名詞帶自己的狀語with him)The children enjoyed playing games together.孩子們喜歡一起做游戲玩。(動(dòng)名詞帶自己的賓語the games)1動(dòng)名詞的否定形式和時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的變化動(dòng)名詞的否定形式為“not doing”。動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)分為一般式doing和完成式having done。它們的被動(dòng)語態(tài)分別為：一般式being done，完成式having been done。例如：She made her parents very happy by getting the first a

31、ward on the performances.(肯定)得了表演一等獎(jiǎng)，這使她的父母很高興。He admitted not telling us the truth at last.他最后承認(rèn)沒有跟我們說實(shí)話。(否定)Keep the medicine away from being touched by the children.把藥放在兒童夠不到的地方。(被動(dòng)式)This huge bridge succeeded in having been built up last month.這座巨大的橋梁終于在上個(gè)月建成了。(被動(dòng)式)2動(dòng)名詞的用法(1)作主語：用于表示泛指的而不是一次性的動(dòng)作

32、。動(dòng)名詞作主語經(jīng)常采用 it 作形式主語的句型。Playing football is their favorite sport.It is their favorite sport playing football.踢足球是他們最喜愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)。Living here is very safe.It is very safe living here.居住在這里是很安全的。(2)作賓語：He is considering changing a job.他正在考慮換一件工作。She can't avoid meeting him.她免不了要碰見他。He tried to deny takin

33、g away my dictionary.他竭力否認(rèn)拿走了我的詞典。(3)作表語：Living is also learning.生活也是學(xué)習(xí)。His favorite sport is running.他最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是跑步。(4)作定語：We all attended the opening ceremony.我們都參加了開幕式。Susan won the first prize in the singing competition.蘇姍獲得了歌唱大賽的一等獎(jiǎng)。We should learn from all the advanced teaching methods.我們應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)所有的先進(jìn)

34、的教學(xué)方法。必背：記住以下常用的動(dòng)詞和短語1、下列動(dòng)詞，它們只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語而不能接不定式。admit 承認(rèn)appreciate 感激avoid 避免can't help禁不住consider 思考，考慮deny 否認(rèn)delay 推遲detest 厭惡enjoy 喜歡excuse 抱歉escape 逃跑finish 完成forgive 原諒fancy 想象imagine 想象involve 包括keep 堅(jiān)持pardon 原諒，饒恕practise 練習(xí)resist 阻止，抵抗suggest 建議understand 理解save 省略be worth doing 值得做。He ad

35、mitted taking my dictionary.他承認(rèn)拿走了我的詞典。Do you try to avoid making her annoyed?你是竭力不惹她生氣嗎?Stop talking and listen to me.請(qǐng)不要說話了，聽我講。2.動(dòng)名詞經(jīng)常作這些短語之后的介詞的賓語。be good at 擅長be engaged in 從事be satisfied with 對(duì)感到滿意be surprised at 對(duì)感到吃驚be interested in 對(duì)感興趣be responsible for 對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)任be fond of 喜歡be tired (sick) of

36、厭倦be proud of 以而驕傲be afraid of 害怕be capable of 有能力be used to 習(xí)慣于be opposed to 反對(duì)belong to 屬于depend on 依靠give up 放棄put off 推遲keep on 繼續(xù)succeed in 成功dream of 夢(mèng)想refer to 指的是object to 反對(duì)feel like 想要prevent.from 防止stop.from 阻止devote ones life (time) to獻(xiàn)身于look forward to盼望She is good at swimming她擅長于游泳。He

37、is used to walking to his office every day.他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣每天走路去上班。They persist in solving the problem in this way.他們堅(jiān)持以這種方式解決問題。3作直接賓語時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞與不定式在含義上的區(qū)別forget doing sth.和forget to do sth.forget doing sth.意思是“忘記了曾經(jīng)做過某一件事”。The old woman always forgets taking the medicine.那個(gè)老太太總是忘記已經(jīng)吃過藥。forget to do sth.表示“忘記了要去做某

38、事”。The old woman always forgets to take the medicine.那個(gè)老太太總是忘記要吃藥。remember doing sth.和remember to do sth.remember doing sth.意思是“記得過去曾經(jīng)做過的某一件事”。I remember eating the dish before.我記得以前吃過這道菜。remember to do sth.表示“記著要去做某一件事”。I remember to eat the dish at the restaurant.我記著在這家餐館要吃這道菜。stop doing sth.和stop

39、 to do sth.stop doing sth.表示“停止正在做的某件事情”。Let's stop working and have a rest.讓我們停下手里的活，歇一會(huì)兒。stop to do sth.意為“停下來去做另一件事”。Lets stop to buy something to eat here.讓我們?cè)谶@里停一下買些吃的東西。regret doing sth.和regret to do sth.regret doing sth.表示“后悔過去做過的某一件事情”。She regretted telling her mother the truth.她后悔把真相告訴了

40、她的母親。regret to do sth.意思是“對(duì)正在做的，或者是還未做的事情表示后悔”。I regret to borrow money from him.我后悔要向他借錢。want, need, require表示“需要”的意思時(shí)，后面的賓語常使用動(dòng)名詞或不定式的被動(dòng)式。This car needs repairing.This car needs to be repaired.這輛車需要修理一下。The road wants rebuilding.The road wants to be rebuilt.這條道路需要重新修建。4動(dòng)名詞的常用句型go+doing sth. 去做go h

41、unting 去打獵go hiking 去遠(yuǎn)足go skating 去滑雪go sightseeing 去觀光be worth doing sth. 值得做This film is worth seeing.這部電影值得一看。Your suggestion is worth considering.你的建議值得考慮。can't help+doing sth. 禁不住They couldn't help laughing when they saw him.當(dāng)他們看見他時(shí)，不禁大笑起來。be used to+doing sth.習(xí)慣做His father is used to w

42、alking to his office.他父親已習(xí)慣走路去上班。Was she used to living there?她住在那里習(xí)慣嗎?It is no use(good)+doing sth. 做沒用It's no good crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。It's no use waiting here for her.在這里等她沒有用。forgive sb. for doing sth.原諒某人做某事。prevent sb. from doing sth.避免，阻止某人做某事。They all forgave the boy for doin

43、g such a thing.他們大家都原諒了這個(gè)孩子做的事情。You must prevent the children from touching the dangerous things.你們務(wù)必不要讓孩子接觸危險(xiǎn)物品。without+doing sth. 沒有做就she kept sitting there without saying to anybody.她一直坐在那里，默不作聲。Complete the following exercises without referring to the text.完成下列習(xí)題，不要看書。no+doing.表示“禁止，不準(zhǔn)”。No parki

44、ng.表示“不準(zhǔn)停車!”No smoking.表示“請(qǐng)勿吸煙”非謂語動(dòng)詞（三）分詞分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種形式?，F(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成為：原形動(dòng)詞+ing；過去分詞的構(gòu)成為：原形動(dòng)詞+ed。1現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的比較(1)它們所表示的語態(tài)不同現(xiàn)在分詞具有主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的含義，經(jīng)常用于表示事物；而過去分詞含有被動(dòng)的意思，經(jīng)常用于說明人的情況。例如：an exciting film 一部激動(dòng)人心的電影。the excited people 激動(dòng)的人們a shocking news 一個(gè)令人震驚的消息a shocked woman 一個(gè)感到震驚的女人(2)它們所表示的時(shí)間不同現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作、行

45、為；而過去分詞是說明已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作或行為。a falling leaf 一片正在飄落的樹葉a fallen leaf 一片落地的樹葉developing countries 發(fā)展中國家developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國家(3)它們所表示的語義不同多數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞的漢語可譯為“使人怎樣”或“令人如何”；用來說明事或物的性質(zhì)；而過去分詞的含義為“某人感到怎樣”，說明人的感覺。The story is interesting.這個(gè)故事真有意思。The boy is interested in physics.這孩子對(duì)物理感興趣。What he said was inspiring.他的話令

46、人鼓舞。We were inspired by what he said.我們對(duì)他所說的話感到鼓舞。必背：記住下列同樣用法的分詞：moving 令人感動(dòng)的moved 受到感動(dòng)的tiring 令人厭煩的tired 感到厭煩的amusing 令人愉快的amused 感到有趣的surprising 令人驚異的surprised 感到驚異的boring 使人厭煩的bored 感到厭煩的astonishing 令人驚訝的astonished 感到驚訝的discouraging 令人沮喪的discouraged 感到沮喪的disappointing 令人失望的disappointed 感到失望的excit

47、ing 令人激動(dòng)的excited 感到激動(dòng)的frightening 令人害怕的frightened 感到害怕的inspiring 令人鼓舞的inspired 感到鼓舞的amazing 令人驚訝的amazed 感到驚訝的(4)它們所用的修飾語不同現(xiàn)在分詞之前常用表示程度的修飾語very，而過去分詞之前常用修飾語 much。The football game is very exciting.這場球賽令人非常激動(dòng)。We were much excited at the game.我們對(duì)這場球賽感到非常激動(dòng)。The film is very boring.這個(gè)電影令人厭煩。We were much

48、bored at the film.我們對(duì)這場電影感到煩透了。2過去分詞在句子中的作用(1)作定語Take away the broken vase.把那只被打碎花瓶拿走。The vase broken by him yesterday is still on the table.他昨天打碎的花瓶還在桌子上放著。 (后置定語)(2)作表語The girl seemed quite satisfied with her job.這姑娘看上去對(duì)她的工作很滿意。She is interested in drawing.她對(duì)繪畫感興趣。(3)作狀語She stood there much disapp

49、ointed.她非常失望地站在那里。Hungry and cold, he tried to find a village in the mountain there .又冷又餓，他竭力想在那山里找到個(gè)村子。(4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語The teacher raised her voice to make herself heard.老師提高了嗓音，以便使大家聽清她的話。Youd better get the article written before Friday.你最好在周五前讓人把這篇文章寫出來。注意：have和get都可以要求過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，形成have/get sth.done表示動(dòng)

50、作由別人完成。I will have my hair cut this afternoon.下午我要去理發(fā)。She's got her car fixed yesterd ay.昨天她請(qǐng)人修了她的車。可以帶分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞還有：fell, hear, see, watch, notice, find, smell, keep, like, make等。3現(xiàn)在分詞在句子中的作用(1)作表語The game is exciting.這場比賽激動(dòng)人心。The meeting was boring.這次會(huì)議非常沉悶。It is very interesting to watch his

51、performances.觀看他的表演非常有意思。巧選分詞形式要斷分詞形，先把邏主覓；分詞作主語，邏主被修飾；狀表和主補(bǔ)，邏主是主語；要是作賓補(bǔ)，邏主為賓語，找準(zhǔn)邏主后，再辯其關(guān)系；若為主謂間，需用現(xiàn)在分；要是動(dòng)賓間，則用過去分。(2)作定語The sleeping baby is Susan's.那個(gè)睡著的孩子是蘇姍的。The car parking under the tree is mine.那輛停在樹底下的車是我的。(后置定語)She said something to the man fixing her car.她跟正在修她的車的人說了些什么。(后置定語)(3)作狀語分詞動(dòng)

52、作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生：She drove away crying.她哭著把車開走了。He came back to his office, hoping to find the material needed for the case.他回到辦公室，希望能找到案子所需的材料。Not knowing that the traffic accident happened to her husband, she was waiting for him to have supper.因?yàn)椴恢浪恼煞虬l(fā)生了交通事故，她還在等他吃晚飯。分詞動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示分詞動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作之前

53、發(fā)生。Having found out why, he began to repair the machine.由于找到了原因，他開始修理這臺(tái)機(jī)器。Not having finished the homework, he had to stay up late at night .由于沒有寫完作業(yè)，他不得不熬夜。用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表示“正在被”或者“已經(jīng)被”This is the second bridge being built across the river.這是正在建的橫跨這條河的第二座橋。(作定語)Having been invited, he went to Germany to

54、attend the conference .受到邀請(qǐng)，他去德國出席了這次會(huì)議。 (作狀語)注意：現(xiàn)在分詞短語具有替代從句的作用。替代定語從句的作用Students wishing to go hiking should sign their names here.（=Students who wish to go hiking should sign their names here.）星期六要去野游的同學(xué)在這里簽名。The free way being built will lead to Xingang port.（=The free way that (which) is being

55、built will lead to Xingang port.）正在修建的這條高速公路將直通新港碼頭。替代狀語從句的作用Fearing that her boyfriend would recognize her, she stood behind a phone box.（=Because she feared that her boyfriend would recognize her, she stood behind a phone box.）由于害怕她的男朋友會(huì)認(rèn)出她來，她站在了一電話亭后面。Knowing that he couldn't solve the problem in this way, he changed his mind.(Because he knew that he couldn't solve the problem in this way, he changed his mind.)因?yàn)橹烙眠@種方法解決不了這個(gè)問題，他改變了想法。分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)分詞或者分詞短語作狀語使用時(shí)，其邏輯