高中英語必修五知識點(diǎn)外研版

1、必修五Module 11. confuseconfuse(vt.)(confuse with/and.)把和混淆 ,L；confusing (adj.)confusion(n.) 聯(lián)想：(in confusion )困惑地；混亂地,disappoint, embarrass, move, frighten, amaze, interest, surprise, tire, terrify, excite, satisfy,confused (adjL2. compare (v.)-comparison(n.)把 A 和 B 比較 compare A with B把A比作/比喻為B compar

2、eA to B比得上 compare with比起 ,與相比（作狀語）compared with /to無與倫比 beyond comparison與一比較 in comparison 相比之下 by comparison3. differ (vi) different(adj.) difference (n.)在方面不同 differ in = be different in區(qū)分和 Tell the difference betw een and.不同于 differ from = be different from 和某人在方面 differ with sb. on sth.有影響，使不同

3、 make a difference對,有影響 have an effect on=have an influence on =affect =influenceIt makes a big difference to your life whether you take an optimistic attitude or not.你是否采取樂觀的態(tài)度對你的人生有很大的影響。4. common有很多/有一些/ 幾乎沒有/ 沒有共同點(diǎn) have much(a lot)/everything/ nothing(little) incommon和一樣 in common with5. leadlea

4、d to +doing/n 通往，通向；導(dǎo)致，招致 lead sb to sp. 帶領(lǐng)某人到某地lead sb to do sth.使某人做某事，領(lǐng)某人干某事命題方向：1). lead to + doing/ being done2） .leading to作定語或狀語。3） . 含介詞的短語動詞用在定語從句中，考察句中的謂語動詞。短語 lead to 中， to 為介詞，總結(jié)一下 “動詞 +介詞 to ”的常用短語pay attention to 注意 devote t僦身于stick to 堅(jiān)持 be used to 習(xí)慣于get down tobelong to 屬于 object to

5、 反對pay a visit to 參觀 ;拜訪6. difficultyhave some/much/no difficulty (in) doing There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth. There is some/no difficulty with sth.have some/much/no difficulty (in) doing There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth. There is some/no difficulty with sth.7. attemptattempt to

6、do/ attempt at doing.make an/no attempt to doat one s first attempt (to do)8. addadd to 把加到上add up把加起來開始認(rèn)真做. contribute to 為 .做貢獻(xiàn)做某事有一些/ 沒有困難（注意：difficulty為不可數(shù)名詞）做某事有一些/ 沒有困難（注意：difficulty為不可數(shù)名詞）試圖做:嘗試做（沒有）試圖/打算做第一次嘗試做add to 增加add up to 總計(jì)必修五 Module 2表示愿意做，主動給予提出，提供出價(jià) /offern/vcharge （賣方）收費(fèi)，要價(jià)offer/

7、provide /supply提供給某人某物offer sb sth/offer sth to sbprovide sb with sth/ provide sth for sbsupply sb with sth/ supply sth to sb主動提出做某事:offer to do2. apply v apply sth to應(yīng)用New technology is applied to almost every industrial process. （工業(yè)流程 ） apply oneself to 致力于；專心于If only he applied himself to study,

8、he would do better in it. apply for 申請Before applying for the post, you have to fill in the application form.【拓展】 applicant n. 申請人表示“致力于；專心于”的短語：be lost/ buried /involved/ absorbed/ occupiedinconcentrate/ focus/ fix .onbe devoted / addicted/ abandoned to （ 沉迷于 ） 3. demand: n.（非常/很）受歡迎的in （good） dema

9、nd需要,需求（尤指顧客） demand for sth./ sb.對某人做某事的要求demand for sb. to do sth.demand 可加 n. / Pro./ To do / that 從句作賓語。注意：不能說 :demand sb to do sth必修五 Module31. account v./n.on account of 由于 Take into account 烤魚 On no account 絕不 accounted for 解釋bank account 銀行賬戶2. as ifas if 引導(dǎo)的從句作表語。as if = as though 好像，似乎, 主要

10、用于引導(dǎo)狀語從句和表語從句。當(dāng)前面有系動詞 look, seem, taste, smell, keep, sound等時(shí)，如果表示的可能性較大，與事實(shí)較一致時(shí)，謂語動詞用陳述語氣。as if 從句用虛擬語氣的情況：從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時(shí)。You look as if you did not care. （ 實(shí)際上關(guān)心）從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動詞用“ had過去分詞”He talked about Paris as if he had been there before. （實(shí)際上以前沒去過）從句表示與將來事實(shí)相反，謂語動詞用"would/could/mi

11、ght +動詞原形”。It looks as if it might snow. （實(shí)際上不會下雪）3.分詞作定語1）通常，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動，例如：He is the man giving you the money. （= who gave you ）He is the man stopped by the car.（ = who was stopped by）2 ）不及物動詞的過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生 分詞作狀語連詞+分詞（短語 ）有時(shí)為使分詞短語與主句關(guān)系更清楚， 可在分詞前加連詞。 如： when ， while ， if though ，after, before,

12、 as. 但分詞的主語和主句的主語必須為同一個(gè)分詞作補(bǔ)語通常在感官動詞和使役動詞和 like, want, wish, order 等表示 “希望 ”“要求 ”等意義的動詞之后分詞作表語分詞作插入語:其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語并不是句子的主語。generally speaking一般說來strictly speaking嚴(yán)格的說judging from從判斷all things considered從整體來看taking all things into consideration全面看來 分詞的時(shí)態(tài)1）.與主語動詞同時(shí)（not） doing2）先于主動詞（not） having done獨(dú)立

13、主格結(jié)構(gòu)：在用分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語一般必須與句子主語一致。如不一致，分詞須帶上自己的邏輯主語。常表伴隨的動作或情必修五 Module 41. Pretendpretend +that 假裝 pretend to do sth. 假裝要做某事pretend to be doing sth. 假裝正在做某事pretend to have done sth. 假裝已經(jīng)做過某事類似用法happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事happen to be doing 碰巧正在做某事appear to be 似乎是consider sth. to be/as 把當(dāng)作book book 意為預(yù)定（

14、票，位子等）order 意為訂貨，定購常用作及物動詞，還可以意為點(diǎn)菜（飯，酒，飲料）既可用作及物動詞，也可用作不及物動詞。3. dressdress 的用法： dress sb./ oneself=(sb).be dressed indress(oneself) upwear 的用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)（穿著,穿衣戴帽,戴首飾,帶笑容 ）put on 的用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作 （穿上 ） 反義詞 take off必修五 Module 5win等名win vt. &vi. 其賓語不是競爭對手而是war, game, prize, match, battle, competition詞。beat 和 def

15、eat 兩者的賓語是競爭對手2. advantage have an advantage over sb./sth 比某人有優(yōu)勢take advantage of利用機(jī)會等；某人的處境、弱點(diǎn)等 to one ' s advantage =to the advanage of sb.對某人有禾 13. chance(the) chances are (that)./ The chanCels 能a t (It is likely / probable / possible thatThere is no chance that 不可能There is a chance that有可育旨

16、/ofseize /grasp a chance 抓住機(jī)會take a chance /take chances冒險(xiǎn)，碰運(yùn)氣by chance /by accident 碰巧4. 倍數(shù)(1) . 倍數(shù)表達(dá)法： 倍數(shù) + as as.This room is four times as big as that one.The road is twice as long as that one.(2) . 倍數(shù)的其他結(jié)構(gòu)：倍數(shù) + adj./adv. 的比較級 + than.倍數(shù) + the + 名詞( size,length, height,width.This room is twice bi

17、gger than mine.這個(gè)房間是我房間的 2 倍大。= This room is twice the size of mine.5.狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句其連詞有： when, before, after, as soonhad when, no sooner had這個(gè)房間是哪個(gè)房間的四倍大。這條路是那條路的 2 倍長。) + of .as, as, while, hardly had when,scarcelythan, till / utnhteil,msoinmce,nt, by the time 等，條件狀語從句 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有： if, unless, (if no

18、t) , on condition that , as long as注意：有時(shí)可以把祈使句作為條件從句，祈使句后面要搭配and ，如：Give him an inch and he ll take a mile. (= If you give him an inch, he ll take a mile. )如：但：當(dāng)表示否定的條件時(shí)，可用連詞 or 或 otherwiseStart at once, or / otherwise you ' ll miss the train. (= If you don ' t start at once, )讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句

19、的連詞有： though/although, even if/ even though, no matter who/what/ when / where/ which / how ( whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however) whoever, whatever, whichever還可引導(dǎo)名詞從句。 而 no matter who/ what/ which 只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句? He didn t want to be disturbed, no matter who wanted to see him.= He

20、didn t want to be disturbed, whoever wanted to see him.? I ll give the books to whoever needs themas 引導(dǎo)讓步從句。但 as 一般不置于句首，而將從句中的表語或狀語置于句首。 ( though 也可以)I Tired as he was, he still went on with his workn Much as he likes the bike, he doesn' t want to buy it出 Try as he might, he didn' t pass th

21、e exam. 原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞有because, since, as , now that? because: 語氣最強(qiáng)，回答 why 時(shí)用 becauseWhy are you late? Because there is a traffic jam.? since:既然.”表對方已知的事實(shí)或理由，常放在句首。Since you have got enough money with you now, you can come and buy it next time.? as:由于.”語氣較弱，較口語化，表明顯的原因或已知的事實(shí)，常放在句首。As he had been ready for the worst, he was not disappointed at the result.? for 是一個(gè)等立連詞，連接的是兩個(gè)并列的分句，其他三個(gè)引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句； for 不能放在句首。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.比較狀語從句比較狀語從句主要用在形容詞、副詞的原級、比較級、最高級的句子中。原級asasnot so / as比較繼： 比較級+ than 最高級： 最高級+in / of / among n