2017人教版八年級下英語現在完成時語法講解

1、現在完成時（ I ）語法知識定義：（ 1）表示過去發(fā)生或已經發(fā)生的動作對現在造成的影響或結果， 這個影響和結果對 現在還必須存在 .常與 already （已經） ,yet （已經，還） ,just （ 剛剛） ,ever （曾經）， never 等詞 連用.already 常用于肯定句或疑問句（均表示：已經） .yet : 常用于否定句 （ 表示：還、尚 ） ,疑問句末尾（表示：已經） . 現在完成時的構成及句型結 構：（注：過去分詞的變化分規(guī)則變化與不規(guī)則變化，規(guī)則變 化與動詞原形變過去式一樣，不規(guī) 則變化見教材 137 頁）1. 肯定句：主語 +have/has+ 過去分詞 +其他 +時

2、間 .eg:I have already lost the key. 我已經弄丟了鑰匙 .（ 我現在沒有鑰匙 ）He has ever read that book ? 他曾經看過這本書 .（ 了解書的內容 ） They have just cleaned their hands. 他們剛剛洗過手了 .（ 手是干凈的 ）2. 否定句：主語 +haven ' hasn't+ 過去分詞 +其他 +時間 .eg: I haven ' lost the key yet.He hasn'tever read that book .They haven'tjust

3、cleaned their hands.3. 般疑問句： Have/Has+ 主語+過去分詞 +其他 +時間？ 肯定回答： Yes,主語+have/ has. 否定回答： No,主語+haven t/hasn t. eg: Have you already lost the key? Yes, I have. No, I haven't.Has he ever read the book? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. Have they just cleaned their hands? Yes, they have. No, they haven't

4、.4. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞 +have/hasn 主語 +過去分詞 +其他 +時間？eg: What have you already done?（ done 是 do/does 的過去分詞）What has he ever done?What have they just done?定義： （2）現在完成時表示從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現在還有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。fo 葉表示一段時間的詞組； | since+ 過去某一時間點的詞組或一般過去式的句子 .eg: She has learned Englishor 5 years.（她已經學習五年英語了）解釋：一直在學，持續(xù)了五年，并且還

5、可能持續(xù)學下去 .He has lived in Beijingsince he was born? （ 自從他出生以后就居住在北京 ）解釋：從出生后就一直住在北京，持續(xù)到現在，還有可能一直住下去 ）Have you stayed heresince 3 o ' clock? （ 自從 3 點后你就一直呆在這兒嗎？ ） 例題：選用 for 和 since 填空 :1. We haven' t seen each other _ a long time. 2. His father has been in the factory_ 10 years ago.3. The film

6、 has been on 20 minutes.4. Mr. Green has worked here he came to China.5. His grandparents have been dead several years. 6. It ' s five years we met last time7have already had dinner. （ 否定 ）I dinner .& Mum has cooked the dinner.Mum the dinner.9. Susan has learned English at school. Susan Engl

7、ish at school.10. I have already had dinner. （提問） ?11. He has iust finished his homework. ?12. Susa n has lear ned En glish at school. ?13. Mum has cooked the dinner. ?（3）現在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：現在完成時 屬于現在時態(tài)的范圍，不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，女口 yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in199等 .一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現在不發(fā)生關系。一般過去時就

8、可以和與表示 過去的 時間狀語連用 .eg: I have already seen the film.（ 現在完成時，已經看了這部電影，并且知道電影的內容 ）I saw the film last week.（ 一般過去式，因為后面有表示過去的時間狀語 last weel ）He has lived here since 1993.（ 現在完成時，后面有 since 引導的時間狀語從句 ）He lived here in 佃 93. （ 一般過去時， 1993 年住在這兒，現在沒住在這兒了 ） 例題： 1. _ you （clean） the room? Yes, we （do） that

9、already.2. When you （do） it? We （do） it an hour ago.3. he (see) this film yet? Yes. 4. When he (see) it? He it last week.5. I (read) the novel twice. It ' s in6e Ms.tKnigen (give)up smoking last year.7. She (go) to Pirs, hasn ' t shYs. How she _ (go) there? She _ (go) there by air.have/has+

10、been+ to+ 地點”現在完成時 (II )語法知識1. 構成：含有 be 動詞的現在完成時的謂語部分由構成，表示：曾經去過某地 (been 是 be 的過去分詞，不規(guī)則變化 )2. 基本句型：(1) 肯定句：主語 +have/has+ been + to+ 地點. eg： I have been to Australia.They have been to Beijing.He has been to South Africa.(2) 否定句： 主語 +haven't/hasn' t+ been + to+ 地點. eg: I haven ' been to Au

11、stralia.They haven ' been to Beijing.(3) 般疑問句：肯定回答： Yes, 主語+ have/has. eg: Have you been toAustralia? Have they been to Beijing? Has he been to South Africa?(4)特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞He hasn'tbeen to South Africa.Have/Has+ 主語 + been + to+ 地點？否定回答：主語 +haven t hasn't.Yes, I have. No. I haven t. '

12、Yes, they have. No, they haven ' .t Yes, he has. No, he hasn't.+have/has+ 主語+ bee neg：Where have you been?Where have they been?Where has he been?3. 用法：用來表示之前已經發(fā)生和完成度的動作與狀態(tài)，其結果卻和現在有聯系 動作和 結果發(fā)生在過去，但它的影響現在還在 .可以和 never, ever, once, twice, three/four ?times等 畐 U 詞連用 .eg: They have been to Chongq

13、ing twice I have neverbeen to Sichuan.Has she ever been to Hainan?3I .h區(qū)av別e k:nown her since the n.（1自）.從 h那av時e起/ h我a就s認 b識ee她n了 to，+一直2.非延續(xù)性動詞：也成終止性都地認點識， 表示kn：ow 是曾延續(xù)經性去動過詞某） 地，已經回來了 |非延續(xù)性動詞：也成終止性（2）. have/ has gone to+地點 表示： 去了某地，還沒有回來 :eg: She has been to Shanghai. （她去過上海，已經回來了） She has gone t

14、o Shanghai. （她去了上海，還沒有回來）（3） . have been in 表示 “在某地呆了多少時間”，常與時間段狀語連用eg: I have been in Shanghai for three years . 我至 U 上海已有三年了。He has been in London for half a month. 他來倫敦已有半個月了。（4）. have been on 表示“已經開始了多久 表示持續(xù)性”eg: The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已經開始了 10 分鐘了 。例題： 1? Where is your brother?

15、He the shop. He ' II be back soon.2. you ever to America Yes, I New York twice.3. David Australia. I ' m sure has already arrived.4. Is Benny here? No, he _ the school library. He left five minutes ago.4. Mike and his parents the south for half a year.6. Mum is not at home now. she the shop.

16、7. You can ' t find him. H_ Xi' an.8. Mr. Zhang this school for ten years. He knows everyone here.9. Miss. Brown China three times.10. I the West lake, Look, I have taken many photos of it .11. Tom Jim ' s home, but he hasn ' t come back.12. We the bookshop and bought many books.13.

17、My parents Shandong for ten years.現在完成時 (III ) 語法知識動詞按其動作發(fā)生的方式，發(fā)生過程的長短可分為延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞。1. 延續(xù)性動詞：表示能夠延續(xù)的動作，也可以表示經驗與經歷.eg: learn, work, stand, lie, walk, sleep, keep, wait, watch, sing, read, stay, live 延續(xù)性動詞可以與臥和 sinceJ 引導的時間狀語連用：eg: He has lived here for 6 years.（他在這兒住了六年了，一直住在這兒， live 是延續(xù)性動詞，并且很有可能繼

18、續(xù)居住下去 ）I have known her since the n.( 自從那時起我就認識她了，一直都認識，know 是延續(xù)性動詞 )2. 非延續(xù)性動詞：也成終止性動詞或瞬間動詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作發(fā)生后立即結束 .eg: open, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, die非延續(xù)性動詞不能與 for 和 since 引導的時間狀語連用，常用的時間狀語有 two years ago, at 5 6clock, yesterday, the day before yesterday, this morn

19、in等表示過去的時間 ?eg: His grandmother died 10 years ago.She finished the work at 6 oclock.2. 非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉換 ( 常用)( 1) .轉化為相應的延續(xù)性動詞，用于現在完成時態(tài)eg: borrow 宀 keepbuy 宀 haveput on f wearget to know f knowget to sleep f sleepcatch a cold f have a cold.( 2) .轉化為. “ be+形容詞/副詞./ 介詞/名詞”eg: begin/start f be ongo ou

20、t f be outdie f be deadopen f be open leave fget to/ arrive in （at ）f be in+ 地點be away （ from ） get up/reach finish f be overfall ill f be illf be upfall asleep f be asleepjoin f be in+ 活動 /組織go to school f be in school become f bemake friends f be friendsclose f be closedgo to bed f be in bed come/

21、 gobe + 相應的介詞短語例：下面是句子的同義句轉換將原句一般過去時改成現在完成時3. He bought the bike three years ago. He has hadbike for three years.5. My sister becabmikee a s inucres eth orene years a aggoo. .My sister has been a nurse for one year.been a nurse since oneeg: 1. The old man died four years ago.（一般過去時）The old man has b

22、een dead for four years.（ 現在完成時，將 die 變?yōu)?bedead ） The old man has been dead since four years ago（現在完成時， since 跟過去的時間點）2. I borrowed the book five days ago.I have kept the book for five days. theI have kept the book since five days ago. He has had the 4. She went to school two days ago.She has been in schoolfor two days.She has been in school since two days ago. My sister