第1章主謂一致

1、第1章 主謂一致一.概念:主謂一致是指:1） 語(yǔ)法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。2） 意義上要一致，即主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。3） 就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如:There is much water in the thermos.但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用 ，例如:Reading and writi

2、ng very important. 讀寫(xiě)很重要。注意:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí)，如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 ，and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。例如:(1)The iron and steel industry very important to our life.(2)The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.2. 主謂一致中的靠近原則1)當(dāng)there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如:(1)There a pen, a

3、 knife and several books on the desk. (2)There twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2）當(dāng)either or 與neither nor，連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo)，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。例如:Either you or she to go. 不是你去，就是她去。Here a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信

4、封和紙。3.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致當(dāng)主語(yǔ)有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)部分一致。例如:The teacher together with some students the factory. (visit)He as well as I to go boating.(want)。4. 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)的情況1）代詞each以及由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，或主語(yǔ)中含有each, every時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)。例如:Eac

5、h of us a tape-recorder. (have)There something wrong with my watch. (be)2）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書(shū)或一條格言時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如:The Arabian Night a book known to lovers of English.(be) (3）表示金錢(qián)，時(shí)間，價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。例如:Three weeks for making the necessary preparations. (allow)Ten yuan enough. (be)。5.指代意義決定謂語(yǔ)的

6、單復(fù)數(shù)1）代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如：All right.一切順利。(be)All present.人都到齊了。(be)2）集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來(lái)決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員，用單數(shù)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)該集體的整體。例如：His family very large. 他家成員不多。(be)His family music lo

7、vers.他家個(gè)個(gè)都是音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者。(be)但集合名詞people, police, cattle,等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎？3）有些名詞，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時(shí)看作單數(shù)，有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。A number of books (lend)The majority of the students English.(like)6.與后接名詞

8、或代詞保持一致的情況1）用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如：Most of his money on books. (spend)Most of the students an active part in sports.(take)(2）用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如： A series of accidents . (report)A pile

9、 of lots the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。(set aside)3）如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如：Many a person the novel.許多人讀過(guò)這本書(shū)。(read)More than 60 percent of the students from the city. (be)三.鞏固練習(xí)1. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent

10、 for different reasons. (be)2. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.(play)3. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, areC. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are4. Ten minutes _ a long time for one who waits.(seem)5

11、. Eric is the only one of the boys who _ a driving license.(have)6. Joy and Sorrow _ next-door neighbours.(be)7. In my opinion, some of the news _ unbelievable.(be)8. When _ the United Nations founded? (be)9. Every possible means _ (try).10. What she says and does _ nothing to do with me. (be)11. Th

12、ere _ a dictionary and several books on the desk. (be)12. Nobody _ seen the film. Its a pity.A. but Tom and Jack have B. except Tom and Jack haveC. but my friends has D. but I have13. No teacher and no student _(admit)14. All but one _ here just now.(be)15. When and where to build the new factory _

13、yet.(decide)16. The writer and singer _ here. (be) (17,18.19.20,21,22)17. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _ all that I can spare to talk with you.18. In those days John with his classmates _ kept busy preparing for the exam.19. _ your clothes?No, mine _ hanging over there.20. The Smiths fam

14、ily, which _ rather a large one, _ very fond of their old houses.21. What the teacher and the students want to say _ that either of the countries _ beautiful.22. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.23. _ of my brothers are reporters. Covering events, meet